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Synergy of Xpert (MTB/RIF) and Line probe assay for detection of rifampicin resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and successful treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) demands rapid, precise, and consistent diagnostic methods to minimise the development of resistance. Therefore, this comparative study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Xpert (MTB/RIF) and Line probe assay (LPA) for detecting drug-resistant TB. METHODOLOGY: This study comprised 389 (279 pulmonary and 110 extrapulmonary) samples from patients suspected of having TB. All samples were subjected to Xpert (MTB/RIF), LPA, solid culture, and drug-susceptibility testing. Out of 320 samples,

Subtracting the background by reducing cell-free DNA's confounding effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis quantitation and the sputum microbiome.

DNA characterisation in people with tuberculosis (TB) is critical for diagnostic and microbiome evaluations. However, extracellular DNA, more frequent in people on chemotherapy, confounds results. We evaluated whether nucleic acid dyes [propidium monoazide (PMA), PEMAX] and DNaseI could reduce this. PCR [16S Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtb) qPCR, Xpert MTB/RIF] was done on dilution series of untreated and treated (PMA, PEMAX, DNaseI) Mtb. Separately, 16S rRNA gene qPCR and sequencing were done on untreated and treated sputa before (Cohort A: 11 TB-negatives, 9 TB-positives; Cohort B: 1…

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease in the first decade of life: a South African birth cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric tuberculosis leads to more than 200 000 deaths annually. We aimed to investigate the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease in the first decade of life in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a South African cohort in a community with high tuberculosis and HIV incidence. METHODS: In this prospective birth cohort study, we enrolled pregnant women aged 18 years or older who were between 20 and 28 weeks' of gestation in a peri-urban setting outside of Cape Town, South Africa. We followed up their children for tuberculosis until age…

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Australian Cattle and Sheep by Analysing Volatile Organic Compounds in Faeces.

Paratuberculosis is a debilitating disease of ruminants that causes significant economic loss in both cattle and sheep. Early detection of the disease is crucial to controlling the disease; however, current diagnostic tests lack sensitivity. This study evaluated the potential for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected by gas chromatography and an electronic nose (eNose) for use as diagnostic tools to differentiate between Map-infected and non-infected cattle and sheep. Solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) was used to quantify VOCs from the headspac

Targeted metabolomics investigation of metabolic markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cerebrospinal fluid of paediatric patients with tuberculous meningitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate metabolic markers linked to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a South African cohort of paediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM). METHODS: Targeted proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) metabolomics approaches were used to evaluate M. tb-linked metabolites in the CSF of 21 definite cases of TBM and 25 control cases. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Four statistically significant metabolite…

The gene MAB_2362 is responsible for intrinsic resistance to various drugs and virulence in Mycobacterium abscessus by regulating cell division.

Mycobacterium abscessus exhibits intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics, hence leading to infections that are difficult to treat. To address this issue, the identification of new molecular targets is essential for the development or repositioning of therapeutic agents. This study demonstrated that the MAB_2362-knockout strain, MabΔ2362, became significantly susceptible to a range of antibiotics, not only in vitro but also exhibited susceptibility to rifabutin, bedaquiline, and linezolid in vivo. While the bacterial burden of the wild-type M. abscessus (MabWt) increased by over 1 log10 CFU/lu…

Genomic variations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the lungs and blood of HIV-infected individuals in Uganda: insights into compartmentalization.

UNLABELLED: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) clinical strains are relatively varied at the genome level. This in-silico study analyzed genomic differences between MTB isolates from the blood and lungs of TB-HIV positive cohorts in Uganda. The hypothesis was that isolates from the blood have distinct SNPs and INDELs that make them better survivors. Twenty-four MTB-blood and -lung sequences were aligned against the H37Rv reference genome and analyzed using BWA-MEM, IGV, SAMtools, FreeBayes, and SnpEff. Comparative analysis revealed that MTB-blood isolates had 11 virulence genes with distinctive …

Схемы резистентности к рифампицину от туберкулёза Mycobacterium и связанные с этим факторы среди пациентов, предположительно больных туберкулезом, упоминались в больнице Debre Marcos, Эфиопия: перекрестное исследование.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Предпосылки данных о стойком к рифампицину туберкулезе имеют важнейшее значение для раннего управления МДР-ТБ. В связи с этим это исследование было проведено для определения распространенности туберкулеза, устойчивого к рифампицину, и связанных с этим факторов среди лиц, предположительно больных туберкулезом, в больнице им. Дебре Маркоса, Эфиопия. МЕТОДЫ: В период с сентября 2014 года по март 2015 года было проведено межсекторальное исследование. Обнаружение туберкулёза и резистентности к рифампицину осуществлялось с использованием анализа Gene Xpert MTB/RIF. Сбор да

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Prevailing data on rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis is essential for early management of MDR-TB. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive TB cases in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was…

The management of patients with positive non-tuberculous mycobacterium cultures at a local centre in New Zealand-a retrospective study.

AIM: We aimed to assess whether management of patients with positive non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) cultures at Palmerston North Hospital aligns with international guidelines. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients with positive mycobacterial cultures between 1 December 2020 and 1 December 2022 in the MidCentral Region. Electronic records were reviewed for microbiological sampling, radiological assessment, treatment decisions, monitoring and outcomes. Management was compared with the 2017 British Thoracic Society and 2020 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease…

Use of whole genome sequencing in a bronchoscopy-related pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum linked to ice machines.

BACKGROUND: To investigate and determine the cause of an increase of isolation of Mycobacterium mucogenicum in broncho-alveolar lavage samples in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Outbreak investigation including 30 patients who underwent bronchoscopy procedures in a minor procedural area of a university-affiliated, tertiary-care medical center between January and October 2022. The investigation included epidemiological analysis and response, environmental sampling, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of clinical and environmental isolates. RESULTS: Environmental sampling identified M mucogenicum …

Severe pneumonia and bloodstream dissemination caused by Mycobacterium houstonense in a patient with achalasia: clinical importance of genospecies typing.

BACKGROUND: Infections caused by members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex are generally mild and confined to skin and soft tissues, while severe disease in immunocompetent individuals is uncommon. Within the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, the unnamed third biovariant complex comprises several closely related species that cannot be reliably distinguished using routine molecular diagnostic methods. Importantly, species within this complex show marked interspecies variability in antimicrobial susceptibility, including predictable intrinsic resistance patterns, with direct consequences for…

Pneumonia due to Mycobacterium shimoidei: a rare non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a young patient with anorexia nervosa.

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium shimoidei is a rare, nontuberculous mycobacterium that predominantly causes pulmonary disease mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported worldwide, with only two cases previously published from Germany. Known risk factors include structural lung disease and immunosuppression. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old female patient with anorexia nervosa (BMI 14.5 kg/m2) and Gitelman syndrome, presented with general deterioration of condition and B symptoms. On admission, she displayed a high fever, hypotension and tachycardia. Chest imaging showe…

Diagnostic efficacy of the TSPOT assay for tuberculosis infection and drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with malignant tumors.

Immunosuppression in cancer patients clearly elevates the risk of acquiring tuberculosis (TB) infection, and traditional diagnostic methods are characterized by low sensitivity (Sen) and long turnaround times. Although the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is widely used, its ability to distinguish active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in cancer patients, as well as its relationship with drug resistance (DR), remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of T-SPOT for active tuberculosis and its ability to distinguish active tuberculosi

In silico Designing of a Multiepitope Vaccine using the Hallmark Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Involved in Different Aspects of Virulence.

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) remains a leading global cause of mortality. The current Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine lacks efficacy in adults and fails to generate a long-term memory response. With the rise of multidrug-resistant strains, there is an urgent need for novel vaccines that can provide broader protection. This study aimed to design a multiepitope vaccine (MEV) targeting hallmark proteins involved in different aspects of M.tb virulence. METHODS: Four unique M.tb proteins, Rv1507A (role in memory response), Rv1509 (role in phagolysosomal escape), Rv1954A (role i…

Adaptation of the molecular bacterial load assay for real-time quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the clinical routine laboratory.

UNLABELLED: Rapid quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is important for monitoring bacterial load during treatment and in clinical studies. The molecular bacterial load assay detecting Mtb 16S ribosomal RNA (TB-MBLA) can quantify mycobacterial load within hours. As the current TB-MBLA protocol includes highly toxic chemicals and manual RNA extraction, we aimed to optimize TB-MBLA for routine clinical laboratories. We compared several strategies to inactivate Mtb in sputum samples, which would facilitate analysis outside a BSL3 laboratory. Heating at 80°C for 20 min was the most e…

Clinical Evaluation of Omadacycline for Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infections: A Subgroup Analysis With a Focus on Macrolide Resistance.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) are notoriously difficult to treat due to high levels of mutational and inducible antibiotic resistance. Omadacycline (OMC), an aminomethylcycline antibiotic with both oral and IV formulations, has shown in vitro activity against MABC and may offer a more tolerable alternative to conventional therapies. However, clinical data specific to pulmonary MABC with macrolide resistance remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological outcomes of OMC-based therapy in patients with pul…

Molecular detection and culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in pasteurized and raw retail milk in Kampala, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: The hypothesis that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a zoonotic pathogen has gained traction with the repeated isolation of MAP from patients with Crohn's disease. As consumption of contaminated milk and dairy products represents a primary suspected route for human exposure to MAP, this study was designed to investigate the presence of MAP in retail milk sold in Kampala, Uganda's Capital and central hub for the nation's milk distribution. METHODS: A total of 772 milk samples were collected and analysed sequentially using two molecular assays targeting the IS900…

Association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosolization and HIV coinfection in the index case with T cell responses in household contacts.

Exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) culminates in heterogeneous outcomes, including variation in Mtb antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) T-cell responses. IFN-γ-independent cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL-2), offer potential diagnostic improvements and insights into pathogenesis. We hypothesized that ESAT6/CFP10 TNF and IL-2 responses improve Mtb infection detection among exposed household contacts (HHCs) and are associated with index case Mtb aerosolization (i.e., cough aerosol culture positive for Mtb growth, CAC+) and HIV co-infection. We enro

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3435c gene regulates inflammatory cytokines and is involved in lung injury and mycobacterial survival in mice.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters the body through the respiratory tract, produces and releases virulence proteins through a variety of mechanisms, regulates the host immune mechanism through a variety of ways, and then survives in the body for a long time. These depend on virulence genes encoded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous studies found that the Rv3435c gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly conserved in pathogenic mycobacterium, but not conserved in non-pathogenic mycobacterium, which may be a potential virulence gene, and inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors in RA…

Coinfection of Herpes Simplex virus 2 and Mycobacterium chelonae in acute hydrops associated with keratoconus: A case report.

PURPOSE: Acute hydrops is a characteristic complication of corneal ectatic diseases. While Mycobacterium chelonae is known to cause various ophthalmic infections, most commonly following surgery, there are no reported cases of infection by this microorganism in the context of acute hydrops, nor concurrent with Herpes Simplex virus 2 infection. OBSERVATIONS: A 33-year-old Portuguese woman of Caucasian ethnicity with a history of keratoconus presented with a red eye and ocular discomfort in the right eye at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department. Initial examination revealed acute hydrops with …