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Long-term follow-up of patients' status after gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: We report a long-term (13-15 year) follow-up of a cohort of 100 patients who underwent gastric bypass for morbid obesity. METHODS: Sources of information include baseline data collected before surgery and information obtained at follow-up interview including data on weight history, psychosocial functioning, and medical complications. RESULTS: Mean age at follow-up was 56.8 years. The mean weight loss at long-term follow-up was 29.5 kg (range -13.6 to 93.6 kg). Three subjects weighed more at long-term follow-up than before the operation. Overall, 74% of those interviewed indicated

Peer-facilitated cognitive dissonance versus healthy weight eating disorders prevention: A randomized comparison.

Research supports the efficacy of both cognitive dissonance (CD) and healthy weight (HW) eating disorders prevention, and indicates that CD can be delivered by peer-facilitators, which facilitates dissemination. This study investigated if peer-facilitators can deliver HW when it is modified for their use and extended follow-up of peer-facilitated CD as compared to previous trials. Based on pilot data, we modified HW (MHW) to facilitate peer delivery, elaborate benefits of the healthy-ideal, and place greater emphasis on consuming nutrient dense foods. Female sorority members (N=106) were rando

Subtyping dietary restraint and negative affect in a longitudinal community sample of girls.

OBJECTIVE: This study tests the validity of the "dietary-depressive" subtype (typified by greater negative affect) and a "dietary" subtype (typified by dietary restraint only) using a diverse longitudinal community sample. METHOD: Girls at ages 10, 12, and 14 completed the Child Eating Attitudes Test, the Child Symptom Inventory-4, and Body Image Measure. Body Mass Index was assessed at each age. RESULTS: Unlike previous studies, cluster analysis revealed an at-risk "dietary-depressive" (R+) subtype (18.7%,100/534) and a not at-risk (R-) subtype, distinguished by few depressive symptoms and

Guided self-help for binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa before inpatient treatment.

The goal of this study was to develop a cognitive-behavioral self-help manual for anorexia nervosa. Patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (N=102), binge eating/purging type (AN-B/P), were consecutively assigned to one of two conditions: 6-week manualized guided self-help or a wait-list control. All patients thereafter received inpatient treatment in a hospital for behavioral medicine. The primary outcome variable was the number of days in inpatient treatment. Secondary outcome variables were measures of psychopathology. Results showed that duration of inpatient treatment was significantly s

Psychiatric comorbidity in binge-eating disorder as a function of smoking history.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in obese women with binge-eating disorder (BED) as a function of smoking history. METHOD: A consecutive series of 103 obese treatment-seeking women with current DSM-IV diagnoses of BED were administered structured diagnostic interviews to assess all DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders. Participants were classified as "never" or "daily" smokers, and lifetime rates of comorbid psychopathology were compared across smoking groups using logistic regression. The study was conducted from February 2003 to March 2005. RESULTS: Smokers wer

Family-Based Treatment for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Is About More Than Weight Gain.

We appreciate the many supportive and complimentary comments included in the editorial by Eddy and Thomas1 about our recently completed rand … mpression that FBT is focused exclusively on weight gain. As with FBT for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), in FBT-ARFID weight gain is often an important early goal for underweight children. However, cognitive, emotional, and developmental improvements are also crucial treatment aims of FBT.3 RCTs have confirmed that improvements in these d …

Comparing Youth With Bipolar Disorder to Non-Bipolar Youth Referred for Bipolar Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) diagnoses require episodes of hypomania and mania as well as depressive episodes. Given the overlap of BD s … mania symptom severity, family history of hypomania/mania, current lithium treatment, and lifetime bulimia nervosa, whereas most severe past global functioning was higher and current oppositional defiant disorder was more common in the non-BD group compared with the BD group. Use of second-generation antipsychotics was high in both groups. Common reasons …

A qualitative study on the multi-level process of resilience development for adults recovering from eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: Resilience research to date has been criticised for its consideration of resilience as a personal trait instead of a process, an … h eating disorder and their most immediate environments (i.e. family and social). Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder demonstrate high rates of symptom persistence across time and poor prognosis for a significant proportion of individuals affected by these disorders, including health complications and increased risk of mortality. M …

Симптомы расстройства питания при множественном склерозе: взаимосвязь между нейротикой, дисфункцией тела и самоэстеемом.

Предыстория/цели: Исследования нарушений питания (РУ) у лиц с множественным склерозом (МС) являются ограниченными. В популяциях эпидемиологов нейротицизм связан с симптомами эдактики из-за более низкой самооценки и большего недовольства телом, но эти отношения остаются неизученными в MS. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении вопроса о том, являются ли самоуважение и неудовлетворенность тела посредником в установлении связи между нейротикализмом и симптомами ЭД у отдельных лиц, имеющих MS. Методы: Нынешняя выборка состояла из 275 участников, которые сообщили о подтвержденном неврологом

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… The EAT-26 items form three subscales, including dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, and oral control. In the current study, the total EAT-26 score was used by summing all items. … The current study found that 21% of participants reported a diagnosis of an ED, with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa being the most common. This is higher than the prevalence rates of EDs identified in non-MS samples with 12-month and lifetime rates being up to 2.58% in females [ 17 ]. …

Remotely Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With an Eating Disorder: Retrospective Analysis of a Real-World Patient Sample.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E) is the prevailing treatment approach for adult eating disorders. CBT-E is a varian … etrospective chart review and included adult patients (aged ≥18 y) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or other specified feeding or eating disorder. For adult patients with these diagnoses, CBT-E is generally the first line of care in the program. CBT-E was developed to be transdiagnostic, and rather than focusing on …

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy-enhanced compared with treatment-as-usual for anorexia nervosa in an inpatient and outpatient routine setting: a consecutive cohort study.

BACKGROUND: For anorexia nervosa, firm evidence of the superiority of specialized psychological treatments is limited and economic evaluatio … utpatients received CBT-E, a specialized treatment, later on. CBT-E is recommended for clients with bulimia and with binge eating disorder, for clients with anorexia nervosa it is less clear which specialized psychological treatment should be recommended. Results indicate that at end-of-treatment, CBT-E was not superior on remission. When looking at weigh …

The Opioid System and Food Intake: Use of Opiate Antagonists in Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder and Abnormal Eating Behavior.

Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur, especially in conjunction with affective syndromes, yet little … onists", "naltrexone", "bupropion" and "Psychotherapy" each combined with "Binge Eating Disorder", "Bulimia Nervosa", "Anorexia Nervosa", "Eating Disorder", "EDNOS" and "Obesity". While working with these articles, we also identified several problems related to use of these methods in real clinical practice. Seventy-seven articles were reviewed, and 63 we …

[Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Eating Disorders].

Cognitive dysfunction such as body-image disturbance and undue influence of body weight on self-worth is a conspicuous feature of eating disorders. The cognitive problems are known to be extremely difficult to treat. Why and how, therefore, is cognitive behavioral ther- apy (CBT) recommended, with high quality evidence, in clinical guidelines such as the NICE guidelines in the UK? In reverse direction to the history of eating disorders, namely anorexia nervosa first and then bulimia, CBT was developed for bulimics first and then after its establishment, the skills were applied to anorexia nerv…

Motives for eating tasty foods associated with binge-eating. Results from a student and a weight-loss seeking population.

The aim of this study was to use the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS) to determine if and what motives for eating tasty foods (e.g., junk food, fast food, and desserts) are associated with binge-eating in two diverse populations. BMI and scores on the PEMS, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and Binge-eating Scale (BES) were obtained from 247 undergraduates at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and 249 weight-loss seeking patients at the UAB EatRight program. Regression analyses revealed that eating tasty foods to forget worries and problems and help alleviate negative feelings

Cocaine-induced psychosis and impulsivity in cocaine-dependent patients.

Cocaine-dependent patients have high impulsiveness. Cocaine-induced psychosis is common among cocaine-dependent patients. Different risk factors associated with cocaine-induced psychosis have been reported. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients and impulsivity and mental disorders characterized by impulsivity. This descriptive study included 287 outpatients with cocaine dependence according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and a specific

Associated factors of unhealthy eating patterns among Spanish university students by gender.

This study has examined bio-socio-demographic and psychopathological factors probably associated with unhealthy eating patterns among university students and to estimate a multifactorial model following the associated factors by gender. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to describe associations on basis of Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) stratified by gender in a representative sample of Spanish university students (n = 2551). The high EDI scorers for both sexes presented higher prevalence of dieting, body dissatisfaction, levels of psychopathology and lower self-esteem than the low EDI sco

Association study in eating disorders: TPH2 associates with anorexia nervosa and self-induced vomiting.

Twin studies suggest that genetic factors play a substantial role in anorexia nervosa (AN) and self-induced vomiting (SV), a key symptom that is shared among different types of eating disorders (EDs). We investigated the association of 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), capturing 71-91% of the common variance in candidate genes, stathmin (STMN1), serotonin receptor 1D (HTR1D), tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with AN and EDs characterized by regular SV. The first allele frequencies of all the SNPs were compared between a Dutch case group (18

Do mental disorders and eating patterns affect long-term weight loss maintenance?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the impact of mental disorders on weight loss maintenance among initially successful weight losers who participated in a very-low-calorie diet program. METHOD: A total of 251 obese individuals were assessed in a prospective longitudinal study over a period of 4 years. Mental disorders and eating patterns were assessed by structured interviews at baseline and by standardized questionnaires at baseline (T(1)), after 1 year (T(2)) and on 3-year follow-up (T(3)). Analyses were performed with an intention-to-treat method. RESULTS: Based on the intention-to-tr

No differences are seen in the regional cerebral blood flow in the restricting type of anorexia nervosa compared with the binge eating/purging type.

AIMS: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is subdivided into the restricting type (AN-R) and the binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP), but differences in cerebral blood flow between patients with these types of AN and healthy controls have not been investigated. METHODS: The present study was designed to elucidate any such differences using resting single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies to compare the differences in cerebral perfusion among both types of AN and a healthy control group. Resting regional cerebral blood flow was assessed using SPECT with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamin

Consciousness about own and others' affects: a study of the validity of a revised version of the Affect Consciousness Interview.

This study presents a modified version of the affect consciousness interview (Monsen, Eilertsen, Melgård & Odegård, 1996), intended to capture the individual's affective consciousness. The aim of the modified version - The Affect Consciousness Interview - Revised (ACI-R) - is to measure consciousness about own and others' affects. Three groups of patients (with eating disorder, relational and social problems or stress-related problems), and one non-clinical group were included in the study (N= 95). The results indicated that it was possible to achieve adequate interrater reliability, that the