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Epigenetic Modifiers: Exploring the Roles of Histone Methyltransferases and Demethylases in Cancer and Neurodegeneration.

Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) are critical enzymes that regulate chromatin dynamics and gene expression through the addition and removal of methyl groups on histone proteins. HMTs, such as PRC2 and SETD2, are involved in the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 and lysine 36, influencing gene silencing and activation. Dysregulation of these enzymes often leads to abnormal gene expression and contributes to tumorigenesis. In contrast, HDMs including KDM7A and KDM2A reverse these methylation marks, and their dysfunction can drive disease progression. In c

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… For example, combining chemotherapeutic agents like lomustine or etoposide with GSK-J4, a KDM2B inhibitor that decreases GBM cell viability and sensitizes GBM cells to chemotherapy, is a promising GBM treatment [ 99 ]. …

Anticancer potential of decursin, decursinol angelate, and decursinol from Angelica gigas Nakai: A comprehensive review and future therapeutic prospects.

Many naturally derived compounds are currently used in oncotherapy. Besides official medicine, complementary and alternative medicine practices, including old herbal remedies, are widely used and accepted as additional tools in cancer treatment. Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), a medicinal herb in Asia, has roots historically used in medicine. This review focuses on key bioactive compounds from AGN roots - decursin, decursinol angelate (DA), and decursinol (DOH). Exploring their source, biosynthesis, and therapeutic mechanisms, the review highlights their role in cancer treatment. Biotechnological

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… Famous examples are the phytoalkaloids: paclitaxel, etoposide, irinotecan, and vincristine; and the antibiotics: actinomycin D, mitomycin C, and bleomycin. …

The Challenging Approach to Multiple Myeloma: From Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring to Complications Management.

The outcome of multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly improved in the last few decades due to several factors such as new biological discoveries allowing to better stratify disease risk, development of more effective therapies and better management of side effects related to them. However, handling all these aspects requires an interdisciplinary approach involving multiple knowledge and collaboration of different specialists. The hematologist, faced with a patient with MM, must not only choose a treatment according to patient and disease characteristics but must also know when therapy needs t

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… ASTCT working group consensus guidelines have been published for diagnosing, grading and treating IEC-HS, highlighting the need for a rapid clinical identification, initial treatment with anakinra and corticosteroids and escalation to dual therapy with the addition of ruxolitinib, etoposide and/or emapalumab …

Полнотрансформатная ретиноидальная кислота в гематологическое расстройство: не только острая промиелоцитическая лейкемия.

Всетранс-ретиноиновая кислота (ATRA) играет определенную роль в развитии тканей, нейронной функции, воспроизводстве, зрение, росте и дифференциации клеток, иммунитете от опухоли и апоптозе. АТРА может действовать, вызывая автофагическую сигнализацию, ангиогенез, клеточную дифференциацию, апоптоз и иммунную функцию. В крови ATRA впервые с большим успехом использовалась в острой промиелоцитической лейкемии (APL), где ATRA дифференцировала клетки лейкемии на зрелые гранулоциты. АТРА может играть определенную роль не только в ППН, но и в других гематоологических заболеваниях, таких, как иммунная т

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… Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University | Phase 2 | Refractory/Relapsed (R/R) MM | 25 | NCT06158412 Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula, ATRA, ATO, Hydroxyurea | First Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong University | Phase 3 | Non-high-risk APL | 110 | NCT02899169 ATRA, realgar-indigo naturalis formula, etoposide …

Intestinal barrier functions in hematologic and oncologic diseases.

The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that not only regulates the influx of luminal contents into the systemic circulation but is also involved in immune, microbial, and metabolic homeostasis. Evidence implicating disruption in intestinal barrier functions in the development of many systemic diseases, ranging from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to autism, or systemic complications of intestinal disorders has increased rapidly in recent years, raising the possibility of the intestinal barrier as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to alter the course and mitigate the complica

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… inducing mucosal injury Class of chemotherapy | Chemotherapeutic agents Alkylating agents | Busulfan Chlorambucil Melphalan Cisplatin Anthracyclines | Doxorubicin Daunorubicin Antimetabolites | Cytarabine Methotrexate 5-Fluorouracil Antitumors | Actinomycin-D Bleomycin Podophyllotoxin derivatives | Etoposide …

Cancer, more than a "COVID-19 co-morbidity".

Patients with cancer represent a particularly vulnerable population at risk of adverse outcomes related to COVID-19. Collectively, the initial studies, including patients with and without cancer, confirmed that patients with cancer had a higher risk of complications and death related to COVID-19. Subsequent studies on patients with COVID-19 and cancer investigated patient and disease-related factors associated with COVID-19 severity and morality. Multiple interconnected factors include demographics, comorbidities, cancer-associated variables, treatment side effects, and other parameters. Howev

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… Amongst cytotoxic regimens, R-CHOP-like, platinum combined with etoposide, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors were associated with the highest 30-day all-cause mortality ( 13 ). …

Antitumoral Effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants: Beyond Neuropathic Pain Treatment.

Growing evidence shows that nerves play an active role in cancer development and progression by altering crucial molecular pathways and cell functions. Conversely, the use of neurotropic drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), may modulate these molecular signals with a therapeutic purpose based on a direct antitumoral effect and beyond the TCA use to treat neuropathic pain in oncology patients. In this review, we discuss the TCAs' safety and their central effects against neuropathic pain in cancer, and the antitumoral effects of TCAs in in vitro and preclinical studies, as well as in

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… As a result, the authors concluded that imipramine and similar TCAs could potentially be used as a second-line therapy in cisplatin/etoposide refractory SCLC. …

Impact of Glucocorticoid Use in Oncology in the Immunotherapy Era.

Thanks to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedema, and anti-allergy properties, glucocorticoids are among the most widely prescribed drugs in patients with cancer. The indications for glucocorticoid use are very wide and varied in the context of cancer and include the symptomatic management of cancer-related symptoms (compression, pain, oedema, altered general state) but also prevention or treatment of common side effects of anti-cancer therapies (nausea, allergies, etc.) or immune-related adverse events (irAE). In this review, we first give an overview of the different clinical situations where

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… Pre-medication with GCs before administration of taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel) or of etoposide or asparaginase [ 68 ] makes it possible to reduce the risks of developing anaphylactic reactions [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. …

T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Current Concepts in Molecular Biology and Management.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an uncommon, yet aggressive leukemia that accounts for approximately one-fourth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. CDKN2A/CDKN2B and NOTCH1 are the most common mutated genes in T-ALL. Children and young adults are treated with pediatric intensive regimens and have superior outcomes compared to older adults. In children and young adults, Nelarabine added to frontline chemotherapy improves outcomes and end of consolidation measurable residual disease has emerged as the most valuable prognostic marker. While outcomes for de-novo disease are

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… NECTAR ( NCT00981799 ) was a phase 1 study of Nelarabine with etoposide and cyclophosphamide in patients 1–21 years of age with T-ALL and T-LL in first relapse. Among nine patients with T-ALL, 44% had a response rate. …

Infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current status and future perspectives in Korea.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for hematologic malignancies, immune deficiencies, or genetic diseases, ect. Recently, the number of HSCTs performed in Korea has increased and the outcomes have improved. However, infectious complications account for most of the morbidity and mortality after HSCT. Post-HSCT infectious complications are usually classified according to the time after HSCT: pre-engraftment, immediate post-engraftment, and late post-engraftment period. In addition, the types and risk factors of infectious complications differ according to the stem cell

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… Non-infectious causes include radiotherapy and chemotherapy (e.g., cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, and etoposide), while post-engraftment hemorrhagic cystitis can be caused by virus. Viral reactivation can be accompanied by bladder urothelial damage due to the conditioning regimen. …

The Hedgehog-GLI pathway in embryonic development and cancer: implications for pulmonary oncology therapy.

Transcriptional regulation and epigenetic mechanisms closely control gene expression through diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. These include the development of germ layers and post-natal epithelial cell-tissue differentiation, as well as, involved with the induction, promotion and/or progression of human malignancies. Diverse studies have shed light on the molecular similarities and differences involved in the stages of embryological epithelial development and dedifferentiation processes in malignant tumors of epithelial origin, of which many focus on lung carcinomas. In

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… In addition, tumor regression in a case of metastatic medulloblastoma with no response to multiple treatment schemes based on carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine was seen after treatment with GDC-0449. …

Bioabsorbable polymers in cancer therapy: latest developments.

Cancer is a devastating disease, being responsible for 13 % of all deaths worldwide. One of the main challenges in treating cancer concerns the fact that anti-cancer drugs are not highly specific for the cancer cells and the "death" of healthy cells in the course of chemotherapy treatment is inevitable. In this sense, the use of drug delivery systems (DDS) can be seen as a powerful tool to minimize or overcome this very important issue. DDS can be designed to target specific tissues in order to mitigate side effects. Bioabsorbable polymers, due to their inherent characteristics, and because th

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… Wang B Yu X-C Xu S-F Xu M Paclitaxel and etoposide co-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the effective combination therapy against human osteosarcoma J Nanobiotechnol. 2015 13 1 11 10.1186/s12951-014-0062-4 PMC4377179 25880868 53. …

Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view.

Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitr

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… Vincristine, vinblastine, colchicine, ellipticine, lepachol, taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, irinotecan, etoposide, and paclitaxel are classical examples of plant-derived compounds which are found to have wide applications in cancer therapeutics [ 9 ]. …

Advances in Oncohematology Immunotherapy: Monoclonal Antibodies and CAR T-Cell Therapies.

The role of immunotherapy in oncohematology is well established. Monoclonal antibodies have undergone substantial development in recent years, targeting a wide range of molecules (including surface antigens, immune checkpoints, and cytokines) and have demonstrated clinical utility across various hematologic malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. The emergence of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has provided an additional and promising therapeutic option. This rapidly evolving field continues to expand therap

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… ABVD (1) | CD30 + chemotherapy | 2026 | III | Stage III or IV HL | 1334 | 6-year OS 93.9% and 89.4% HR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.86 | NA | NA | NCT01712490 | [ 146 ] BV + doxorubicin + vincristine + etoposide + cyclophosphamide + prednisone vs. standard-care | CD30 + chemotherapy | 2026 | III | Pediatric …

Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment, dysregulation of amino acid consumption in immune cells is an important underlying mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity. Emerging studies have revealed that altered amino acid metabolism is tightly linked to tumor outgrowth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through governing the fate of various immune cells. During these processes, the concentration of free amino acids, their membrane bound tr

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… Recruiting Drug: Nivolumab Endometrial Adenocarcinoma, Endometrial Carcinosarcoma NCT04106414 II Active, not recruiting Hepatocellular Carcinoma NCT03695250 I/II Active, not recruiting Indoximod Radiation: Partial Radiation Radiation: Full-dose Radiation Drug: Temozolomide Drug: Cyclophosphamide Drug: Etoposide … Nivolumab | Endometrial Adenocarcinoma, Endometrial Carcinosarcoma | NCT04106414 | II | Active, not recruiting Hepatocellular Carcinoma | NCT03695250 | I/II | Active, not recruiting Indoximod | Radiation: Partial Radiation Radiation: Full-dose Radiation Drug: Temozolomide Drug: Cyclophosphamide Drug: Etoposide …

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) have improved dramatically in the last two decades with the advent of novel therapies including immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, immunotherapy for the treatment of MM has advanced rapidly, with the approval of new targeted agents and monoclonal antibodies directed against myeloma cell-surface antigens, as well as maturing data from late stage trials of chimeric antigen receptor CAR T cells. Therapies that engage the immune system to treat myeloma offer significant clinical benefits with durable

Natural bioactive molecules and chemotherapeutics synergism for enhanced cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy remains a foundation of cancer care but is limited by multidrug resistance, systemic toxicities, and suboptimal selectivity, prompting interest in adjunctive strategies that improve efficacy and tolerability without adding significant burden to patients or healthcare systems. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: This review highlights evidence on natural bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and fungal metabolites, as adjuvants to standard chemotherapeutics, with objectives to: first, delineate mechanisms by which these agents enhance cytotoxic efficacy and o

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… Two significant derivatives of this compound, teniposide and etoposide, have proven effective in treating various cancer types through their mechanism of blocking topoisomerase II enzyme activity [ 41 , 42 ]. …

Antibodies to watch in 2022.

In this 13th annual installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' article series, we discuss key events in commercial antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2021 and forecast events that might occur in 2022. Regulatory review of antibody therapeutics that target the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus proceeded at an unprecedented pace in 2021, resulting in both emergency use authorizations and full approvals for sotrovimab, regdanvimab, REGEN-COV2, as well as others, in numerous countries. As of November 1, a total of 11 antibody therapeutics had been granted first approvals in either the Un

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer: from mechanism to therapeutic implications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as critical secondary messengers in various intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival under normal physiological conditions. However, dysregulation of redox signaling-driven by genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and posttranscriptional or posttranslational modifications-plays a central role in malignant transformation and cancer progression. Cancer cells typically exhibit elevated basal ROS levels due to increased metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oncogene activation. This mode

Chronotherapy in Hematological Malignancies: Evaluating the Rationale and Evidence.

Hematological malignancies remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite advances in targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Emerging evidence indicates that treatment efficacy and toxicity depend not only on the choice of therapy but also on its timing relative to the patient's internal circadian rhythm. The circadian clock orchestrates fundamental processes in hematopoiesis and immunity, such as stem-cell proliferation, leukocyte trafficking, DNA repair, and drug metabolism, while its disruption promotes malignant transformation, therapeutic re

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… In Hodgkin lymphoma, first‐line treatment still relies on classical cytostatics used in regimens like ABVD, BV‐AVD, BEACOPP, or BrECADD (containing brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vincristine, dacarbazine, etoposide, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine) which form the basis for curative therapy …