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Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time?

Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into t

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… Fluorine-18 ( 18 F) is a commonly used PET radioisotope with a short half-life (t 1/2 of ~110 min) and high specific activity [ 9 ]. Small molecules, such as fluorodeoxyglucose [ 18 F]FDG and fluorothymidine [ 18 F]FLT, are commonly used PET tracers [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. …

11C-choline vs. 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing bone involvement in patients with multiple myeloma.

BackgroundMultiple Myeloma (MM) is a B cell neoplasm causing lytic or osteopenic bone abnormalities. Whole body skeletal survey (WBSS), Magnetic resonance (MR) and 18F-FDG PET/CT are imaging techniques routinely used for the evaluation of bone involvement in MM patients.AimAs MM bone lesions may present low 18F-FDG uptake; the aim of this study was to assess the possible added value and limitations of 11C-Choline to that of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients affected with MM.MethodsTen patients affected with MM underwent a standard 11C-Choline PET/CT and an 18F-FDG PET/CT within one week. The results

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… Rubello D Fanti S Image of the month: Incidental finding of a 11C-Choline PET positive solitary plasmocytoma lesion Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006 10.1007/s00259-006-0183-6 16896665 Sugawara Y Fisher SJ Zasadny KR Kison PV Baker LH Wahl RL Preclinical and clinical studies of bone marrow uptake of fluorine …

Diagnostic imaging for spinal disorders in the elderly: a narrative review.

The high prevalence of neck and low back pain in the rapidly aging population is associated with significant increases in health care expenditure. While spinal imaging can be useful to identify less common causes of neck and back pain, overuse and misuse of imaging services has been widely reported. This narrative review aims to provide primary care providers with an overview of available imaging studies with associated potential benefits, adverse effects, and costs for the evaluation of neck and back pain disorders in the elderly population. While the prevalence of arthritis and degenerative

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… In another patient with colorectal carcinoma, a FDG-PET, fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography fused with CT shows intense uptake at the site of primary bowel carcinoma (black arrow) as well as several sites of osseous metastasis in the left acetabulum, right clavicle, and … cauda equina syndrome; CPT code, current procedural terminology code; CT, computed tomography; DLS, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis; DLSS, degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis; DUS, diagnostic ultrasound study; DXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FDG-PET, fluorine …

Prodrugs in Oncology: Bioactivation and Impact on Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity.

A prodrug is a molecule that lacks pharmacological activity, but upon enzymatic bioactivation, it can generate a therapeutically active molecule. The primary reason behind the design of a prodrug is to help circumvent challenges associated with the physicochemical properties of a drug molecule, such as solubility, absorption, distribution, and instability. Chemotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer treatment for over 70 years due to its ability to target rapidly proliferating tumor cells. However, a major concern with conventional chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity and its associate

Novel Strategies for Tumor Treatment: Harnessing ROS-Inducing Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Through Multifunctional Nanoformulations.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a diverse group of chemically reactive molecules or ions distinguished by their substantial oxidative potential. Empirical studies have shown that the targeted administration of high toxic concentrations of ROS can effectively induce tumor cell death in various types. Numerous bioactive ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), recognized for their ROS-inducing properties, have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, their clinical application has been hindered by challenges such as low solubility, limited bioavailab

Идентификация NLRP3PYD Homo-Oligomerization Inhibitors с антивоспалительной активностью.

Инфламасомы представляют собой многопротеиновые комплексы, которые представляют собой важнейшие элементы подстрекательской реакции. Регулирование дискриминированного комплекса NLRP3 инфламасома связано с патогенезом таких заболеваний, как множественный склероз, тип 2 сахарный диабет, болезнь Альцгеймера и рак. Несмотря на наличие молекулярных ингибиторов, специфичных для различных компонентов воспламенительных комплексов, в настоящее время ни о каких ингибиторах не сообщается конкретно для NLRP3PYD гомо-олигомеризации. В настоящем исследовании мы описываем идентификацию QM380 и QM381 в качеств

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… Figure 3 illustrates the participating residues in binding sites for QM380 and QM381; both charged residues (e.g., Lys and Asp) or polar residues (e.g., Gln and Thr) surround both ligands possibly due to the electronegative atoms (fluorine and chlorine) or amine, ether, and hydroxyl functional groups …

Treatment Discontinuation After Achieving MRD Negativity in Multiple Myeloma in the Pre-BCMA Era: A Prospective, Single-Centre Study.

OBJECTIVES: Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity in multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with favourable outcomes; nonetheless, evidence supporting treatment discontinuation remains limited. We evaluated the feasibility of discontinuing antimyeloma therapy in patients with MRD negativity. METHODS: We analysed 41 patients who discontinued therapy after achieving MRD negativity at the 10-5 level in the bone marrow (BM) and on imaging studies. Treatment regimens and lines of therapy were not prespecified. After discontinuation, patients were monitored with periodic MRD assessments

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… Imaging (I)‐MRD status was evaluated using fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans every 12–24 months. When PET/CT imaging could not be performed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or conventional CT was used as a substitute. …

Bisphophonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

OBJECTIVE: With sporadic reporting of BPs related osteonecrosis of jaw and in absence of definitive guidelines regarding the management of such patients, the dentists and the oral and maxillofacial surgeons need to be updated about this issue. The objective of this article was to produce an updated bibliographic review of BPs related ONJ. This paper reviews the literature regarding the same for better understanding of the problem and its management. BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and are widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other disease

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… Positron emission tomography Positron emission tomography with 2-(fluorine-18)- fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is capable of noninvasively detecting osteomyelitis (acute and chronic) with a high degree of accuracy. …

T-Cell Lymphoma With Sarcoid-Like Reaction and Secondary Myelofibrosis: A Unique Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: T-cell lymphomas are rare, comprising 10%-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Their etiology remains unclear, and pathophysiology varies widely among subtypes. Sarcoid-like reactions (SLRs) have been reported in approximately 7.3% of NHLs, including T-cell lymphomas, and can closely resemble sarcoidosis clinically/histologically. This overlap complicates diagnosis, particularly when secondary myelofibrosis-a rare and poorly understood complication-arises. Myelofibrosis has also been observed in sarcoidosis, further blurring the distinction between these entities. Treatment for T

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… N., Wislez M., and Cadranel J., Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose with Positron Emission Tomography Revealed Bone Marrow Involvement in Sarcoidosis Patients with Anaemia, Respiration. (2010) 79, no. 1, 25–31, 10.1159/000204901. 14. Miller A. C., Chacko T., Rashid R. M., and Ledford D. …

Are the Post-COVID-19 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Justified by the Effects of COVID-19 on Brain Structure? A Systematic Review.

COVID-19 affects brain function, as deduced by the "brain fog" that is often encountered in COVID-19 patients and some cognitive impairment that is observed in many a patient in the post-COVID-19 period. Approximately one-third of patients, even when they have recovered from the acute somatic disease, continue to show posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We hypothesized that the persistent changes induced by COVID-19 on brain structure would overlap with those associated with PTSD. We performed a thorough PubMed search on 25 April 2023 using the following strategy: ((posttraumatic OR

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… Abbreviations: 3D, three-dimensional; 18 FDG-PET/CT, Positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography; ACC, anterior cingulated cortex; AD, axial diffusivity; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; … Seven studies used PET with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose, four studies combined it with MRI, and three used it alone. …

Abstracts

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging in oncology: state of the art.

In the investigation of tumors with conventional magnetic resonance imaging, both quantitative characteristics, such as size, edema, necrosis, and presence of metastases, and qualitative characteristics, such as contrast enhancement degree, are taken into consideration. However, changes in cell metabolism and tissue physiology which precede morphological changes cannot be detected by the conventional technique. The development of new magnetic resonance imaging techniques has enabled the functional assessment of the structures in order to obtain information on the different physiological proces

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… Komori T, Narabayashi I, Matsumura K, et al. 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography versus whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI for detection of malignant lesions: initial experience. Ann Nucl Med. 2007;21:209–215. doi: 10.1007/s12149-007-0010-6. 33. …

Outcome of transforaminal epidural steroid injection for lumbar radiculopathy: initial three-year experience at Upendra Devkota Memorial-National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Nepal.

INTRODUCTION: Additional risk minimisation measures (aRMMs) for medicinal products are necessary to address specific important safety issues which may not be practically achieved through routine risk management measures alone. The implementation and determination of effectiveness for aRMMs can be a challenge as it involves multiple stakeholders. It is therefore important to have concise objectives to avoid undue burden on patients, healthcare professionals and the healthcare system. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine how aRMMs are implemented and how effectiveness is assessed in the Eu

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… The potentiostat-based sensor was fabricated using a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode (FTO) with AuNPs. It was also immobilized by a nCovid-19 monoclonal antibody (nCovid-19Ab). In the case of eCovSens was immobilized with a nCovid-19 Ab on the SPCE. … The fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode was fabricated by using glass coated with FTO. For the fabrication of the FTO electrode with AuNPs/nCovid-19 Ab, 200 μl of AuNPs were drop casted on the FTO electrode surface and dried. …

Medicinal chemistry perspectives on anticancer drug design based on clinical applications (2015-2025).

Cancer therapy has undergone a remarkable evolution over the past few decades, driven largely by innovations in medicinal chemistry. This review explores the pivotal role of medicinal chemistry in designing, optimizing, and classifying anticancer agents, from traditional cytotoxics to modern targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and radiotheranostics. The article categorizes FDA-approved anticancer drugs (2015-2025), evaluates their mechanisms of action, structural features, and structure-activity relationships (SAR), and highlights both success stories and challenges in clinical translation. A

FDA-Approved Small Molecule Compounds as Drugs for Solid Cancers from Early 2011 to the End of 2021.

Solid cancers are the most common types of cancers diagnosed globally and comprise a large number of deaths each year. The main challenge currently in drug development for tumors raised from solid organs is to find more selective compounds, which exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, the small molecule drugs registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancers treatment between 2011 and 2022 were identified and analyzed by investigating a type of therapy they are used for, as well as their structures and mechanisms of action. On average, 4 new small molecule agent

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… The analysis of heteroatoms of active ingredients of the considered drugs points out that nitrogen atoms are dominant ones (61 compounds), then oxygen—58, halogens (including fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine)—43 and sulfur—14 and phosphorus—1. … In the case of halogens, there are one or more atoms in an aliphatic or aromatic system, mainly fluorine and chlorine, less often bromine, and iodine in only two agents, i.e., trametinib and iobenguane I 131 . …

Bone marrow biopsy in geriatric patients above the age of 85 years: invaluable or unnecessary? A retrospective analysis.

Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is a well-established diagnostic tool for various hematological, oncological, and other medical conditions. However, treatment options for geriatric patients (pts) facing these diseases are often constrained. In this single-center, retrospective analysis we assessed the diagnostic value of BMB in geriatric pts aged ≥ 85 years and examined its impact on therapeutic decisions. We examined 156 BMB procedures in 129 pts, extracting data from the electronic patient records and applying descriptive statistical methods. Nearly half of the primary diagnostic procedures (26; 44

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… Utility of bone marrow biopsy and aspirate for staging of diffuse large b cell lymphoma in the era of positron emission tomography with 2-Deoxy-2-[Fluorine-18]fluoro-deoxyglucose integrated with computed tomography. …

A Review on Probable Causes of Cardiotoxicity Caused by Common Cancer Drugs and the Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment.

Cancer is a widespread disease in our nation, characterized by a high occurrence rate. The use of tumor medications has been linked to an increased chance of cardiovascular complications, including a notable occurrence of heart toxicity. This has caused significant concern among healthcare professionals. This article provides a comprehensive compilation of drugs recognized for their potential to cause heart toxicity. Furthermore, extensive research has been conducted to investigate and categorize the effects of heart toxicity, with the purpose of promoting awareness, facilitating early interve

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… Antimetabolic Drug - 5-Fluorouracil 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an uracil derivative that contains a fluorine atom replacing the hydrogen atom at the 5’ position. …

Development of a machine learning-based predictive risk model combining fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis for immunotherapy response and prognosis in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating robust prognostic models and personalized therapeutic strategies. This study integrated bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics to construct a prognostic model based on genes shared between ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism (FAM). Using the TCGA-PRAD dataset, we identified 73 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the intersection of ferroptosis and FAM, of which 19 were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). A machine learning-

Targeting Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Metabolism as a Therapeutic Avenue for Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. More than 65% of men diagnosed with PC are above 65. Patients with localized PC show high long-term survival, however with the disease progression into a metastatic form, it becomes incurable, even after strong radio- and/or chemotherapy. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that participates in all the steps of oncogenesis including tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastatic spread. The S1P-producing enzymes sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2), and the S1P degrading enzyme

Advances in Radionuclides and Radiolabelled Peptides for Cancer Therapeutics.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy, which can detect and treat tumours simultaneously, was introduced more than 80 years ago, and it has changed medical strategies with respect to cancer. Many radioactive radionuclides have been developed, and functional, molecularly modified radiolabelled peptides have been used to produce biomolecules and therapeutics that are vastly utilised in the field of radio medicine. Since the 1990s, they have smoothly transitioned into clinical application, and as of today, a wide variety of radiolabelled radionuclide derivatives have been examined and evaluated in various

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… It is worth noting that Elin et al. used fluorine-18-labelled alternatives, such as the recently introduced [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-octreotide ([ 18 F]AlF-OC), to overcome the limitations of SSTR. … Further validation may be needed for the use of [ 18 F]AlF-OC as a fluorine-18-labelled alternative. 7. Conclusions and Future Directions There is an increasing requirement for the development of stable and well-defined radiolabelled peptides or biomolecules for use in targeted cancer therapy. …