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Mammalian neurogenesis requires Treacle-Plk1 for precise control of spindle orientation, mitotic progression, and maintenance of neural progenitor cells.

The cerebral cortex is a specialized region of the brain that processes cognitive, motor, somatosensory, auditory, and visual functions. Its characteristic architecture and size is dependent upon the number of neurons generated during embryogenesis and has been postulated to be governed by symmetric versus asymmetric cell divisions, which mediate the balance between progenitor cell maintenance and neuron differentiation, respectively. The mechanistic importance of spindle orientation remains controversial, hence there is considerable interest in understanding how neural progenitor cell mitosis…

Defective renal maintenance of the vitamin D endocrine system impairs vitamin D renoprotection: a downward spiral in kidney disease.

In kidney disease, the progressive loss of renal capacity to produce calcitriol, the vitamin D hormone, is a key contributor to elevations i … This review updates the pathophysiology behind the vicious cycle by which kidney injury impairs the maintenance of normal vitamin D and calcitriol levels, which in turn impedes vitamin D/calcitriol renoprotective actions, a requirement for the design of prospective trials to improve current recommendations for vitamin D interventions at all stages of kidney d …

Maintenance of heartburn relief after step-down from twice-daily proton pump inhibitor to once-daily dexlansoprazole modified release.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Many patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) take a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) twice daily to control symptoms. Once-daily dexlansoprazole modified release (MR) has a dual-delayed release formulation, making it attractive for step-down management of patients whose symptoms are well controlled on twice-daily PPIs. We investigated whether step-down to once-daily dexlansoprazole controls heartburn in patients with GERD who were receiving twice-daily PPI therapy. METHODS: Patients 18 years and older taking a twice-daily PPI for symptom control were enrolled (n = 1

Fistulizing perianal Crohn's disease: contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging assessment at 1 year on maintenance anti-TNF-alpha therapy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess perianal fistulas by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with severe fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD) using maintenance antitumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) therapy and to correlate MRI changes with clinical outcome. METHODS: Perineal MRI before and after a 1-year scheduled anti-TNF-α maintenance therapy was performed in 20 patients (14 females; mean age = 33.7). The Van Assche score (i.e., number of fistulas, localization, and extension, importance of T2 hyperintensity, presence of abscess) was calculated. Fistula track contrast enha…

Side population of a murine mantle cell lymphoma model contains tumour-initiating cells responsible for lymphoma maintenance and dissemination.

'Cancer stem cells' or 'tumour initiating cells' in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas have not been demonstrated, although some studies focused o … ort the interpretation that the DTG SP fraction contains a cell population highly capable of tumour maintenance and systemic dissemination and lends support to the concept that 'tumour-initiating cells' occur in lymphomas.

One-year outcomes of repeated adjunctive photodynamic therapy during periodontal maintenance: a proof-of-principle randomized-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Single photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been effective in initial periodontal therapy, but only improved bleeding on probing (BoP) in maintenance patients after a single use. Repeated PDT has not been addressed. OBJECTIVES: To study the possible added benefits of repeated adjunctive PDT to conventional treatment of residual pockets in patients enrolled in periodontal maintenance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten maintenance patients with 70 residual pockets [probing pocket depth (PPD)>or=5 mm] were randomly assigned for treatment five times in 2 weeks (Days 0, 1, 2, 7, 14) with PDT (test)…

A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between patterns of meal replacement (MR) adherence and changes in outcomes during a behaviorally-oriented weight loss program. Data from the present study are based on sixty female participants (age: 29-62 years, BMI: 27.99-37.50 kg/m(2)). Participants were randomized into either a control or experimental condition, which tested the use of MRs during weight loss maintenance. Outcome measures included body weight, depression, physical activity, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and binge eating collected at four assessm…

Активирующие рецепторы поощряют расширение клеток NK для технического обслуживания, производство IL-10 и регулирование CD8 T клеток во время вирусной инфекции.

Клетки естественного убийцы (НК) способны оказывать как прямое антимикробное воздействие, так и регулировать адаптационную иммунную реакцию, однако, согласно сообщениям, урожаи клеток NK значительно различаются при различных вирусных инфекциях. Активирующие рецепторы, в том числе молекула Ly49H, признающая цитомегаловирус мыши (MCMV), могут стимулировать расширение клеток NK. Для определения роли Ly49H в поддержке распространения и обслуживания клеток NK в условиях неконтролируемой вирусной инфекции были проведены эксперименты в Ly49h(-/-), перфорине 1 (Prf1) (-/-) и мышах диких (wt) B6. Колич

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Natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to deliver both direct antimicrobial effects and regulate adaptive immune responses, but NK cel … V), can stimulate NK cell expansion. To define Ly49H's role in supporting NK cell proliferation and maintenance under conditions of uncontrolled viral infection, experiments were performed in Ly49h(-/-), perforin 1 (Prf1)(-/-), and wild-type (wt) B6 mice. NK cell numbers were similar in uninfected mice, but relative to responses in MCMV-infected wt mice, NK c …

Opioid maintenance therapy suppresses alcohol intake in heroin addicts with alcohol dependence: preliminary results of an open randomized study.

An open randomized study lasting 12 months was performed to evaluate the efficacy of methadone or buprenorphine to suppress alcohol use in two hundred and eighteen heroin addicts with alcohol dependence. Daily maintenance doses of methadone were 80, 120, 160, and 200 mg/day, while doses of buprenorphine were 8, 16, 24, and 32 mg/day. As expected, both treatments were able to reduce both heroin use and addiction severity (measured with ASI interview). However, although both medications were able to suppress alcohol use, the highest dose of buprenorphine was better than the highest dose of metha…

Postoperative long-term maintenance therapy with oral contraceptives after gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment in women with ovarian endometrioma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The goal of this preliminary study was to assess the effect of cyclic monophasic oral contraceptives (OCs) as a postoperative long-term maintenance therapy (median 33.2 months) to suppress recurrence of endometrioma after conservative ovarian surgery followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Adolescent and premarital clinic in a university hospital. PATIENTS: The study was performed on 51 patients who underwent conservative surgery for endometrioma followed by …

Temporal characteristics of top-down modulations during working memory maintenance: an event-related potential study of the N170 component.

We investigated the top-down influence of working memory (WM) maintenance on feedforward perceptual processing within occipito-temporal face processing structures. During event-related potential (ERP) recordings, subjects performed a delayed-recognition task requiring WM maintenance of faces or houses. The face-sensitive N170 component elicited by delay-spanning task-irrelevant grayscale noise probes was examined. If early feedforward perceptual activity is biased by maintenance requirements, the N170 ERP component elicited by probes should have a greater N170 amplitude response during face re…

Recombinant human growth hormone to treat HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome: 12 week induction and 24-week maintenance therapy.

BACKGROUND: HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS) is an HIV-associated disorder characterized by excess truncal fat, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT). METHODS: From baseline to week 12 in this randomized, double-blind, placebo (PL)-controlled, multicenter trial investigating effects of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH; Serostim; EMD Serono Inc., Rockland, MA) in patients with HARS, 325 received induction (4 mg/d of r-hGH) or PL. At week 12, patients who initially received induction were rerandomized to 2 mg of r-hGH on alternate days (maintenance) or PL to week 3…

Relation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels to sinus maintenance after pharmacological cardioversion in persistent atrial fibrillation.

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to investigate whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have significant relation to sinus maintenance after pharmacological conversion of long-lasting atrial fibrillation (AF) with respect to use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitors. METHODS: We studied 35 consecutive patients with AF lasting > or =1 month who had successful pharmacological cardioversion with bepridil alone or in combination with aprindine. The IL-6 and CRP levels in plasma were measured after pharmacological restoration of sinus rhythm. RESULTS: During …

Azimilide vs. placebo and sotalol for persistent atrial fibrillation: the A-COMET-II (Azimilide-CardiOversion MaintEnance Trial-II) trial.

AIMS: Treatment of atrial fibrillation remains a major clinical challenge owing to the limited efficacy and safety of anti-arrhythmic drugs, particularly in patients with structural heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate the efficacy of azimilide, a new class III anti-arrhythmic drug, we studied 658 patients with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation, adequate anticoagulant therapy, and planned electrical cardioversion. Patients were randomized to placebo, azimilide (125 mg o.d.), or sotalol (160 mg b.i.d.). Primary efficacy analysis was based on event recurrence, which was defi

[Hearing loss by continuous exposure to high sound pressure among maintenance workers at a Brazilian Air Force helicopters unity].

Continuous exposure to high sound pressure in aeronautical workers can be associated with inner ear hearing loss. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of deafness among all maintenance workers from a Brazilian Air Force helicopter unit. The methods included the application of individual questionnaires and audiometric tests. The results showed a high prevalence (32.4%) of hearing loss related to time on the job (p < 0.05; RP = 2.11; 95%CI: 1.03-4.32) and the 41-50-year age bracket (p = 0.00; RP < 3.94; 95%CI: 2.04-7.62). No influence was found from selected variables that might result in …

[Clinical studies on maintenance of cross-leg position through internal fixation with Kirschner wire after cross-leg flap procedure].

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of a new method for the cross-leg position maintained by the Kirschner wire internal fixation after the cross-leg flap procedure. METHODS: From December 2004 to October 2005, 5 patients (4 males, 1 female; aged 14-52 years) were admitted to our department, who suffered from the tibia exposure or the internal fixation plate exposure after operation because of the tibia fracture by trauma for 1-8 weeks. The soft tissue defects ranged in area from 2.4 cm x 2.0 cm to 4. 2 cm x 3.0 cm. The soft tissue around the wound in the leg was too poor in condition to perf

Olanzapine versus lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the efficacy of olanzapine and lithium in the prevention of mood episode relapse/recurrence. METHOD: Patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (manic/mixed), a history of two or more manic or mixed episodes within 6 years, and a Young Mania Rating Scale total score > or =20 entered the study and received open-label co-treatment with olanzapine and lithium for 6-12 weeks. Those meeting symptomatic remission criteria (Young Mania Rating Scale score < or =12; 21-item Hamilton depression scale score < or =8) were randomly assigned to 52 weeks of double-blind mo

Caenorhabditis elegans WASP-interacting protein homologue WIP-1 is involved in morphogenesis through maintenance of WSP-1 protein levels.

Mammalian WASP and N-WASP are involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through activation of the Arp2/3 complex and in regulation of cell motility or cell shape changes. In the present study, we identified WASP-interacting protein homologue (WIP)-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. WIP-1 contains the domains and sequences conserved among mammalian WIP family proteins. Yeast two-hybrid analysis detected a physical interaction between WIP-1 and WSP-1, the sole homologue of WASP/N-WASP in C. elegans. Western analysis of embryo lysates showed that RNA interference (RNAi) treatment for wip-1 d

Esomeprazole 20 mg vs. pantoprazole 20 mg for maintenance therapy of healed erosive oesophagitis: results from the EXPO study.

BACKGROUND: Following initial healing of erosive oesophagitis, most patients require maintenance therapy to prevent relapse. AIM: To compare endoscopic and symptomatic remission rates over 6 months' maintenance therapy with esomeprazole or pantoprazole (both 20 mg once daily) in patients with healed erosive oesophagitis. METHODS: Patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and endoscopically confirmed erosive oesophagitis at baseline were randomized to receive esomeprazole 40 mg or pantoprazole 40 mg for up to 8 weeks. Patients with healed erosive oesophagitis and free of mod…