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Myokines in cancer: bridging molecular mechanisms to biomarker discovery and therapeutic innovation.

Exercise can regulate the physiological functions of the body by inducing the secretion of myokines, which are bioactive factors mainly secreted by muscle cells. This review classifies myokines based on their functional characteristics, including metabolic regulation (such as myostatin, interleukin-6), neuroregulation (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), cell proliferation/differentiation regulation (myogenic proteins), immune regulation (tumor necrosis factor- alpha), and factors involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling (such as connective tissue growth factor).Cancer, as

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… Free fatty acid (FFA) release is also increased by IL-6(Lima 11 ).By stimulating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in fat cells, it converts triglycerides into FFA and glycerol, raising blood levels of FFA and giving muscles and other tissues a source of energy ( 12 ).Furthermore, IL-6 might also have an …

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progre

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… Control group: A placebo solution with the same appearance (200ml of 0.9% saline and 12.5% glycerol) was injected into the duodenum through gastroscopy in a single blind manner. | III | NCT02862249 2019 | MASLD | FMT | Study the effect of consecutive FMT on liver fat accumulation at 12 weeks. | Twenty …

The Missing Link: Integrating Interventional Pain Management in the Era of Multimodal Oncology.

Cancer-related pain (CrP) is one of the most frequent and debilitating issues that affect the quality of life of patients with cancer. Systemic analgesics, particularly opioids, have been the cornerstone of pain management. However, the following shortcomings of the mentioned therapies, such as side effects, tolerance, and inadequate relief in refractory cases, make implementing a more complete, multimodal treatment plan necessary. Interventional pain management (IPM) uses specific invasive procedures, with different degree of invasiveness, such as nerve blocks, neurolysis, neuromodulation, an

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… It is injected intrathecally into the lower lumbar interlaminar area from between the fifth lumbar and sacral vertebrae while the patient is in the sitting position, frequently in combination with phenol-in-glycerol to cause neurolysis in perineal pain associated with malignancy. …

Искусственный интеллект основывается на достижениях в области наномедицины для лечения мозговых расстройств: обновленный обзор повествования.

Наномедицина - это наномасштабные, биосопоставимые материалы, которые предлагают перспективные альтернативы традиционным методам лечения расстройств мозга. Технологические достижения в области искусственного интеллекта (АИ), в частности машинного обучения (МЛ) и глубокого обучения (ДЛ), трансформируют область наномедицины путем совершенствования диагностики заболеваний, биомаркировки, прогнозирования и мониторинга заболеваний, целевых поставок наркотиков и терапевтического вмешательства, а также содействия расчетным и методологическим разработкам. Эти успехи могут быть достигнуты за счет анали

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… In this study, artificial neural network was used to optimize formulation by considering various parameters including formulation variables (glycerol monooleate, Poloxamer 407, Tween 80) and output variables (particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug release). …

Targeting the E2F1/Rb/HDAC1 axis with the small molecule HR488B effectively inhibits colorectal cancer growth.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, remains highly lethal as the disease only becomes symptomatic at an advanced stage. Growing evidence suggests that histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of epigenetic enzymes overexpressed in precancerous lesions of CRC, may represent promising molecular targets for CRC treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have gradually become powerful anti-cancer agents targeting epigenetic modulation and have been widely used in the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies, while only few studies on the benefit of HDACis in

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… which these two reagents were mixed, incubated at RT for 15 min, and added into 293 T cells, 24 h later, cells were treated with or without HR488B (0.5 μM) for 24 h. 293 T cells were harvested, washed, and resuspended in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4); 150 mM NaCl; 1 mM EDTA; 0.5% NP-40; 10% glycerol …

Targeted Drug Delivery and Theranostic Strategies in Malignant Lymphomas.

Malignant lymphomas represent the most common type of hematologic malignancies. The first clinically approved TDD modalities in lymphoma patients were anti-CD20 radioimmunoconjugates (RIT) 131I-tositumomab and 90Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan. The later clinical success of the first approved antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for the treatment of lymphomas, anti-CD30 brentuximab vedotin, paved the path for the preclinical development and clinical testing of several other ADCs, including polatuzumab vedotin and loncastuximab tesirine. Other modalities of TDD are based on new formulations of "old" cytostatic

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… In general, the lipids utilized for liposome preparation are natural and synthetic double-chain lipids (phosphorus polar head and glycerol backbone) and sterols, especially cholesterol [ 69 ]. …

Role of Cannabidiol for Improvement of the Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Potential and Challenges.

There is currently a growing interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) to alleviate the symptoms caused by cancer, including pain, sleep disruption, and anxiety. CBD is often self-administered as an over-the-counter supplement, and patients have reported benefits from its use. However, despite the progress made, the mechanisms underlying CBD's anti-cancer activity remain divergent and unclear. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms to determine convergent anti-cancer actions of CBD from pre-clinical and clinical studies. In vitro studies have begun to elucidate the mo

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… The direct actions of cannabidiol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol at GABA A receptors. Pharmacol. Res. 2017;119:358–370. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.022. 35. Pretzsch C., Freyberg J., Voinescu B., Lythgoe D., Horder J., Mendez M.A., Wichers R., Ajram L., Ivin G., Heasman M., et al. …

Фитогормонная абсциозная кислота усиливает ремиелионацию в мышиных моделях множественного склероза.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: За последние несколько десятилетий в западных странах произошел внезапный рост числа случаев множественного склероза (МС). Однако нынешние методы лечения часто демонстрируют ограниченную эффективность у некоторых пациентов и связаны с неблагоприятными последствиями, что подчеркивает необходимость более безопасных и эффективных терапевтических подходов. Было отмечено, что важную роль в развитии НР играют экологические факторы, в частности привычки питания. В этом исследовании мы первыми исследуем потенциальное защитное воздействие гибридной кислоты (ABA) в MS. АБА, которая изобилие вс

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… After 24 hours, cells were lysed in luciferase lysis buffer (25mM Tris-phosphate pH7.8, 2 mM DTT, 2mM CDTA, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton X-100). To cell lysates, D-luciferin (E1605, Promega) was added. …

CNS progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes are targets of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo.

BackgroundChemotherapy in cancer patients can be associated with serious short- and long-term adverse neurological effects, such as leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment, even when therapy is delivered systemically. The underlying cellular basis for these adverse effects is poorly understood.ResultsWe found that three mainstream chemotherapeutic agents--carmustine (BCNU), cisplatin, and cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine), representing two DNA cross-linking agents and an antimetabolite, respectively--applied at clinically relevant exposure levels to cultured cells are more toxic for the p

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… Histology Brains were cut coronally as 40-μm sections with a sliding microtome (Leica, SM/2000R) and stored at -20°C in a cryoprotectant solution (glycerol, ethylene glycol, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4, 3:3:4 by volume). …

Pathogenic Role of FGFR3 Autoantibodies in Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Sensory neuronopathies (SNN) and small fiber neuropathies (SFN) are debilitating disorders associated with neuropathic pain, yet their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Autoantibodies against fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 define a subset of patients with consistent reports of neuropathic pain harboring a distinct clinical phenotype characterized by small-fiber and non-length-dependent neuropathy, suggesting dorsal root ganglia (DRG) dysfunction. FGFR3-autoantibody-positive sera (FGFR3-AbS) bind to sensory neurons within dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The target of autoantibodie

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… Standard 9‐fluorenylmethoxyl carbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry was used to synthesize the peptides and spot the peptides onto Celluspots nitrocellulose membranes that were prederivatized with a polyethylene glycerol spacer (Intavis). …

Clostridium butyricum alleviates multiple myeloma by remodeling the bone marrow microenvironment and inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway through the gut‒bone axis.

Emerging evidence reveals a strong connection between the gut microbiota and cancer. However, the exact role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in multiple myeloma (MM) is poorly understood, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions represents a promising strategy that demands urgent mechanistic and translational investigation. First, we conducted a comprehensive microbiome-metabolite analysis between MM patients and healthy individuals. The result revealed a marked compositional difference characterized by reduced abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria and diminished buty

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… The feces were thoroughly mixed with sterile PBS, filtered through a 70 μm filter, centrifuged, then suspended in 30% glycerol and stored in a −80 °C environment for FMT. …

Связанный с K27 ROR__t Уничтожение Nedd4 потенциалами Th17-посредованная автонепроницаемость.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Было продемонстрировано, что THCT E3 Ubriquitin ligase Nedd4 позитивно регулирует реакцию клеток Т, однако его роль в дифференциации клеток и автономном иммунитете Т неизвестна. Считается, что 17 клеток играют ключевую роль в развитии и патогенезе аутоиммунных заболеваний. Тем не менее, правила, регулирующие активацию РОРТ в ходе дифференциации клеток TH17 с помощью сигнала TCR, пока еще не уточнены. Эти неизведанные аспекты вдохновляют нас на изучение потенциальной роли Nedd4 в автоматическом иммунитете Th17.МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели оценку воздействия дефицита Nedd4 на развит

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… The pellets were resuspended with ice-cold buffer C (20 mM HEPES, 420 mM NaCl, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 mM DTT and 25% Glycerol) and sonicated using microprobes on ice, and centrifuged at 8000  g for 30 s at 4 °C. …

Selective MCL-1 inhibitor ABBV-467 is efficacious in tumor models but is associated with cardiac troponin increases in patients.

BackgroundMCL-1 is a prosurvival B-cell lymphoma 2 family protein that plays a critical role in tumor maintenance and survival and can act as a resistance factor to multiple anticancer therapies. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of the highly potent and selective MCL-1 inhibitor ABBV-467 and present findings from a first-in-human trial that included patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (NCT04178902).MethodsBinding of ABBV-467 to human MCL-1 was assessed in multiple cell lines. The ability of ABBV-467 to induce tumor growth inhibition was investigated in xen

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… Just prior to crystallization, maltose was added to give 2 mM and glycerol was also added to give 5% (v/v). Crystallization and data collection Crystals were grown and diffraction data were collected for each compound as follows. …

Stabilization of DEPTOR sensitizes hypopharyngeal cancer to radiotherapy via targeting degradation.

The use of radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal cancer (HC) treatment is increasing, and it is currently the primary treatment option for this cancer. However, radioresistance occurs in a proportion of patients. Here, we found that radiation increased proteasomal gene expression and that proteasome assembly was dependent on the induction of transcription factor NRF1 in HC. Through screening assays, we identified a mechanism by which proteasome-mediated degradation of DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) contributes to the elevation of mTORC1 signaling after radiation. Therefore,

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… Cell lysates were collected, 5 μL of nuclear lysate (NL) or whole-cell lysate (WCL) was incubated in assay buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 10% [v/v] glycerol, and 0.03% [w/v] SDS) in 96-well plates, and then Suc-LLVY-AMC (fluorogenic substrate) was added to 1 mM (final reaction volume, 100 μL). …

Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in

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… Significant differences in metabolites were found in dogs with melanoma, such as three amino acids (threonine, proline, and serine), citric acid, fatty acids, and glycerol. These results suggest that metabolism is increased in melanoma, as has been suggested for other neoplasms ( 196 , 197 ). …

Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease.

During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients' energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of "resistance" and "tolerance" typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to elimin

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… Glucose turnover, gluconeogenesis from glycerol, and estimation of net glucose cycling in cancer patients. Cancer. 1982;50:1142–1150. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820915)50:6<1142::AID-CNCR2820500618>3.0.CO;2-I. 43. Eden E., Edstrom S., Bennegard K., Scherstén T., Lundholm K. …

Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered immunonutrients and are commonly used in the nutritional therapy of cancer patients due to their ample biological effects. Omega-3 PUFAs play essential roles in cell signaling and in the cell structure and fluidity of membranes. They participate in the resolution of inflammation and have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. Additionally, they can act as agonists of G protein-coupled receptors, namely, GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4. Cancer patients undergo complications, such as anorexia-cachexia syndrome, pain, depression, and p

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… In a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced body weight loss, a DHA-enriched diet was able to prevent body weight loss and to reduce glycerol release, indicating that DHA also had an anti-lipolytic effect [ 117 ]. …

Curcumin Rewires the Tumor Metabolic Landscape: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects.

Metabolic reprogramming is a fundamental hallmark and a key driver of malignant tumors. By reshaping glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function, it sustains the abnormal proliferation and survival of tumor cells, making it a crucial target for anti-tumor therapy. Curcumin, a natural multi-target compound, exhibits unique advantages in intervening in tumor metabolic reprogramming due to its low toxicity and broad-spectrum regulatory properties. In various tumor models, it can directly modulate the activity of key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2, lactat

Thirty years from FDA approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx): an updated analysis and future perspective.

In 2025, it will be 30 years since the initial clinical approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by the Food and Drug Administration. PLD predated the field of nanomedicine and became a model nanomedicine setting key pharmacological principles (prolonged circulation, slow drug release and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) for clinical application of other nano-drugs in cancer therapy. The impressive reduction of cardiotoxicity conferred by PLD is the most valuable clinical asset. While PLD has gained a strong foothold in relapsed ovarian cancer and metastatic breas

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… proposed. 144 Furthermore, some changes in the formulation of PLD can reduce the risk of complement activation: (i) removing the negative charge of the phosphate group of PEG-DSPE conjugate to avoid interaction with calcium cations by replacing it with a neutral conjugate such as PEG-distearoyl-rac-glycerol …

Applications of Curcumin and Its Nanoforms in the Treatment of Cancer.

Due to the diverse medicinal and pharmacokinetic properties of turmeric, it is well-known in the therapeutic, pharmaceutic, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and dietary industries. It gained importance due to its multitude of properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Even though the natural healing effect of turmeric has been known to Indians as early as 2500 BCE, the global demand for turmeric has increased only recently. A major reason for the beneficiary activities of turmeric is the pre

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… Similarly, a nanoformulation based on poly-glycerol-malic acid-dodecanedioic acid (PGMD)/curcumin nanoparticle was developed to test the efficacy of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231). …