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The pervading influence of alcoholic liver disease in hepatology.

Rising levels of alcohol consumption in the UK are leading to substantial increases in morbidity and mortality from liver disease. Drinking … sequent on controlling inflammatory processes in the liver. For those deteriorating to the stage of liver failure, artificial liver support with MARS is of value in correcting major pathophysiological disturbances and as a bridge to liver transplantation, the results of which both for end-stage alcoholic cirrhosis and for AAH--of which there is limited experien …

MAPK13 phosphorylates PHGDH and promotes its degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy during liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure and poses a significant clinical challenge in both diagnosis and treatment. Serine synthesis pathway (SSP) links glycolysis to one-carbon cycle and plays an important role in cell homeostasis by regulating substance synthesis, redox homeostasis and gene expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of SSP in DILI remains unclear. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in SSP. Here we show that during DILI, mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) is activated and then phosphorylates PHG…

Curcumin-encapsulated glucan nanoparticles as an oxidative stress modulator against human hepatic cancer cells.

In Hepatitis B patients, the virus targets liver cells, leading to inflammation and liver damage, which can result in severe complications such as liver failure, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Therapeutic options for liver disease are currently limited. Curcumin, a polyphenol with potential protective effects against chronic diseases like cancer, suffers from poor water solubility, restricting its pharmacological applications. This study explores the encapsulation of curcumin in glucan nanoparticles (NPs) and its impact on oxidative stress in liver cancer cells. Two sizes of curcumin-loaded gluc…

A Case Study of a Rare Disease (Fructosemia) Diagnosed in a Patient with Abdominal Pain.

Hereditary fructose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with mutations sometimes occurring spontaneously. Consuming fructose triggers biochemical abnormalities, disrupting liver processes like glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Recent studies have revealed elevated intrahepatic fat levels in affected individuals. Symptoms include aversion to fructose-containing foods, hypoglycemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, and growth delays, with severe cases leading to liver enlargement, fatty liver disease, kidney failure, and life-threatening hypo

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… This is illustrated by the example of Li et al. [ 29 ]., who described four cases of acute liver failure in newborns and infants associated with multi-organ failure caused by common infant formula containing sucrose in patients with undiagnosed HFI. … Another patient had a maternal half-sister who required a liver transplant due to unspecified liver failure. …

Update on the diagnosis and management of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency: Expert review on behalf of the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic liver disease caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. The disease typically presents … y remain asymptomatic or undiagnosed, but a small proportion of cases can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, necessitating liver transplantation. Recently, advancements in newborn screening methods have improved the age of diagnosis. Early diagnosis and timely management improve patient outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term follo …

Essential Involvement of Neutrophil Elastase in Acute Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Using BALB/c Mice.

Intense neutrophil infiltration into the liver is a characteristic of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Neutrophil elastase is relea … ndings indicate a new clinical application for sivelestat in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver failure through mechanisms involving the regulation of neutrophil migration and NO production.

Chronic equine hepacivirus infection in an adult gelding with severe hepatopathy.

BACKGROUND: Equine hepacivirus (EqHV) in equids represents the closest homologue to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infecting humans. A majority of HCV infected patients develop a chronic course of infection leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, in horses mostly transient mild subclinical infections are reported for EqHV to date. OBJECTIVES: EqHV can be involved in chronic liver diseases of horses. METHODS: Biochemical parameters in serum samples were measured. Viral load was determined using qPCR. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of serum was performed. Liver tissue was s…

Apamin suppresses biliary fibrosis and activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by the progressive destruction of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and portal fibroblasts are the major cellular effectors of enhanced collagen deposition in biliary fibrosis. Apamin, an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom), is known to block Ca2+-activated K+ channels and prevent carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. In the present study, we aimed to ascertain whether apamin inhibits biliary fibrosis and the proliferation of HSCs…

Diphenhydramine as a Cause of Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the Unites States and accounts for 10% of acute hepatitis cases. We report the only known case of diphenhydramine-induced acute liver injury in the absence of concomitant medications. A 28-year-old man with history of 13/14-chromosomal translocation presented with fevers, vomiting, and jaundice. Aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotransferase levels peaked above 20,000 IU/L and 5,000 IU/L, respectively. He developed coagulopathy but without altered mental status. Patient reported taking up to 400 mg dip…

Hepatocytes polyploidization and cell cycle control in liver physiopathology.

Most cells in mammalian tissues usually contain a diploid complement of chromosomes. However, numerous studies have demonstrated a major role of "diploid-polyploid conversion" during physiopathological processes in several tissues. In the liver parenchyma, progressive polyploidization of hepatocytes takes place during postnatal growth. Indeed, at the suckling-weaning transition, cytokinesis failure events induce the genesis of binucleated tetraploid liver cells. Insulin signalling, through regulation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, is essential in the establishment of liver tetraploidizati

Characteristics of patients with liver disease intravenously exposed to diethylene glycol in China 2006.

BACKGROUND: Diethylene glycol (DEG) poisoning is life-threatening. The clinical characteristics of patients with liver disease exposed to intravenous DEG have not been clarified. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with moderate to severe liver disease exposed to DEG in China in 2006 were investigated. RESULTS: The daily exposure total dose was 3-6 mL of a 30% (v/v) mixture. Acute renal failure (ARF), the predominant clinical manifestation, occurred in 23.4% (15/64) of these patients. The average time to onset was 6.53 +/- 3.48 days after exposure to DEG. ARF could be differentiated from the hepato

[Long-term results after liver transplantation].

Liver transplantation has been reported to reach excellent results for selected indications. We analysed the results of liver transplantatio … -year patient survival reached 96% for PBC, 89.4% for PSC, 78.5% for biliary atresia, 70% for acute liver failure, 69.1% for HBV-related cirrhosis, 61.3% for hepatocellular carcinoma, and 56% for HCV-related cirrhosis.

Contribution of the lymphotoxin beta receptor to liver regeneration.

The liver has an enormous capacity to regenerate in response to insults, but the cellular events and molecules involved in liver regeneration are not well defined. In this study, we report that ligands expressed on the surface of lymphocytes have a substantial effect on liver homeostasis. We demonstrate that a T cell-restricted ligand, homologous to lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpesvirus glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells (LIGHT), signaling through the lymphotoxin receptor (LTbetaR) expressed on mature hepatocytes induces massive hepatomegal

Feasibility of hanging maneuvers in orthotopic liver transplantation with inferior vena cava preservation and in liver surgery.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to study the feasibility and complication rates of liver hanging maneuvers: the Belghiti liver hanging maneuver (BLHM) in liver resection and the modified liver hanging maneuver (MLHM) in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with inferior vena cava (IVC) preservation. METHODS: From January 2001 to August 2003, BLHM was planned in 26 consecutive right hepatectomies and MLHM in 28 consecutive OLTs with IVC preservation. RESULTS: BLHM was performed in 24/26 patients (92%). In the 2 remaining patients, chronic biliary infection (n = 1) and intrapare

Fatal chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection mimicking autoimmune hepatitis.

We report a 22-year-old female who presented with pyrexia, pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. The patient showed mild liver dysfunction wit … ed an immunosuppressive agent and antiviral drug added to steroid therapy, but ultimately died from liver failure and virus-associated haemophagocytosis 10 months after the definite diagnosis. Retrospective examination of the serum at the diagnosis of AIH revealed extremely high titres of antibody to EBV, and EBV-DNA was also detectable by polymerase chain reac …

Liver transplantation in patients over 60 years of age.

Liver transplantation was previously only offered to patients under 60 years of age. We have analyzed the outcome after acceptance on the waiting list and after liver transplantation of patients over 60 years old. A total of 150 patients over 60 years old were listed for a first liver transplantation during 1990-1998. The annual number increased throughout the period. Primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and acute hepatic failure were the most frequent diagnoses. A total of 119 patients received a first liver allograft. The patient 1-year survival was 75% and 3-year survi

Cyclosporine therapy in patients with steroid resistant autoimmune hepatitis.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a form of chronic liver disease characterized by progressive hepatocellular inflammation, which usually responds to … th cyclosporine alone. The single patient who did not respond to cyclosporine developed progressive liver failure, underwent orthotopic liver transplantation, and subsequently died of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Cyclosporine was generally well tolerated and none of the patients developed renal insufficiency. These data and review of 11 cases in the …

[The protective effect of (4R)-hexahydro-7, 7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1, 2, 5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on acetaminophen-induced liver injury].

Effects of (4R)-hexahydro-7, 7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1, 2, 5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury were investigated in BALB/c mice. SA3443 (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently suppressed the elevation of serum transaminase activities and the histological changes of liver induced by acetaminophen (150 mg/kg, p.o.). The compound at the same doses also reduced the mortality due to the lethal acute hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen (350 mg/kg, p.o.). Other hepatoprotective agents, cianidanol (500 mg/kg, p.o.), malotilate (100 mg/kg, p.o.), grycyrrhizine (1

Chronic active hepatitis in 26 Doberman pinschers.

Chronic active hepatitis with increased hepatic copper concentration was diagnosed in 25 female and 1 male Doberman Pinscher dogs. Common clinical signs included polyuria/polydipsia, weight loss, anorexia, icterus, and ascites. Increased liver enzyme activities and abnormal liver function test results were the most consistent clinicopathologic changes. The dogs were assigned to 3 groups on the basis of clinical course of the disease. Group 1 dogs (n = 12) had clinical signs of advanced liver failure and died within one week. Group 2 dogs (n = 7) had less severe clinical signs of liver disease …

High-output cardiac failure and severe pulmonary hypertension due to congenital hepatic hemangioma: a case report.

Hepatic hemangioma is a benign tumor, but may lead to poor outcomes because of various complications. Very rarely presents with high-output congestive heart failure and severe pulmonary hypertension and, if not diagnosed and treated timely can be fatal. We report a challenging case of a term male baby admitted with abdominal distention and respiratory distress on day 2 of life. Post-natal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of liver hemangioma. Echocardiography (ECHO) showed severe pulmonary hypertension and high-output congestive heart failure. Baby wa