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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease Mimicking Central Nervous System Infection in an Adolescent: A Case Report.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can resemble central nervous system infection in children because fever, headache, vomiting, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and multifocal brain lesions may coexist. We report a previously healthy 13-year-old boy who developed headache, fever, vomiting, and binocular horizontal diplopia. Examination showed transient exotropia with apparent adduction limitation but no encephalopathy, seizures, limb weakness, pupillary abnormality, optic neuritis, or spinal cord lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid showed mononuclear-predominant pl…

Reduced FOXP3 expression and its association with genetic ancestry in neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder: a Colombian cohort.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disorders are characterized by impaired immune tolerance, largely mediated by CD4⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs), whose … 2.4-fold decrease in median expression; p = 0.027). Lower FOXP3 mRNA expression was associated with optic neuritis (p = 0.0059), but not with historical or current AQP4-IgG seropositivity. In a sensitivity analysis restricted to patients with documented historical AQP4-IgG seropositivity, the direction of reduced FOXP3 mRNA expression was preserved but did not r …

Intractable hiccups as a brainstem red flag: demyelinating disorders with emphasis on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and area postrema syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Persistent and intractable hiccups may indicate brainstem pathology rather than benign gastrointestinal causes. Among inflammato … d with intractable hiccups due to selective astrocytic injury in the area postrema. APS may precede optic neuritis or myelitis and can represent the initial manifestation of disease. Multiple sclerosis and MOGAD may also involve the brainstem but differ in lesion distribution, immunopathology, and treatment implications. Early recognition of dorsal medullary inv …

MOG-IgG detection in serum and cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic implications and clinical correlates in adult-onset Chinese MOGAD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic significance and clinical features of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted MOG-IgG in Chinese adults wit … reviewed. RESULTS: Six patients (7.3%) had CSF-restricted MOG-IgG, and 83.3% met MOGAD phenotypes. Optic neuritis was the most common presentation (54.8%), followed by cerebral cortical encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Visual and motor impairments at onset were more frequent in the seropositive group. Independent risk factors for EDSS ≥ 3. …

Therapeutic plasma exchange for MOG antibody-associated disease attacks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) attacks are usually treated with corticosteroids, but … dies comprising 475 attacks were included. Most patients were female (56 %), presenting mainly with optic neuritis (60 %) or myelitis (37.7 %). TPE was combined with intravenous methylprednisolone in 93 % and with intravenous immunoglobulin in 11.8 %. The pooled complete recovery rate was 30 % (95 % CI 22-40, I² = 74 %), and the overall response rate (complete o …

Ocular Syphilis Revisited: A Review of Cases and Evidence From the Literature.

AIM: This case series seeks to share our experience with ocular syphilis by reporting the clinical findings and management of nine diagnosed cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case series comprises nine patients who presented to the Ophthalmology Department of Southampton General Hospital between 2013 and 2022. The series provides a comprehensive report on patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis, detailing the severity of the condition, associated symptoms, and the treatments administered. RESULTS: All cases in the study were diagnosed with syphilis based on ocular findings. Th

A rare cause of visual impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis: Uveitis.

A patient with multiple sclerosis may experience motor, sensory, speech, and visual symptoms depending on the location of central nervous system demyelinating plaque involvement. The most common clinical presentation with visual symptoms is unilateral optic neuritis. However, uveitis rarely causes visual impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis may occur after the diagnosis or years before the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. We report a case of multiple sclerosis that was diagnosed 10 years after uveitis attacks. A 21-year-old female complained of …

Повторный излучающий множественный склероз как потенциальное следствие талидомидной терапии: отчет по делу.

Мы представляем первый сообщаемый случай обезвоживания центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) в связи с талидомидом. 29-летняя женщина с историей prurigo nodularis получила талидомид после провала других методов лечения. Три недели спустя у нее развился правый гемипарез и сенсорные нарушения правой верхней и нижней конечностей. МРТ на мозге и спинном мозге выявила гиперинтенсию и повреждения гадолиния. У нее был диагностирован клинически изолированный синдром, и она прошла лечение IV импульсами метилпреднизолона с полным восстановлением. Из-за подозрительной связи между ее симптомами и Талидомидом

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
We present the first reported case of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination associated with thalidomide. A 29-year-old female with a hi … inhibition effect. Biologic TNF-α inhibitors have been reported to cause CNS lesions, with cases of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder developing after initiation of drugs such as etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab and golimumab. This report shows that thalidomide should be considered a potential c …

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Can immune tolerance be reestablished?

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), which is also referred to as Devic's disease, was originally considered an aggressive subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) presenting as optic neuritis and/or extensive transverse myelitis in which 50% of patients become blind or in a wheelchair within 5 years of onset. Subsequently, NMO was categorized as one of a spectrum of inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disorders that are distinct from multiple sclerosis and termed neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). NMOSD differs from multiple sclerosis by its clinical course, presentation, magnetic resonan…

Functional vision disorder: a review of diagnosis, management and costs.

Functional vision disorder (FVD) is a relatively common diagnosis in ophthalmic practice which can be difficult to make because of clinician … acular complex. Most common organic mimickers of FVD are amblyopia, cortical blindness, retrobulbar optic neuritis, cone dystrophy and chiasmal tumours; however, all could be ruled out by structured diagnostic approach. For patients with unilateral visual loss, bottom-up refraction, fogging of the well-seeing eye in the phoropter, convex lens and base-down prism …

A rare case of concomitant Klebsiella pneumonia and panophthalmitis in a poorly controlled diabetic patient: the first case report from Syria.

UNLABELLED: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine metabolic disease. Uncontrolled diabetes affects almost all components of immunit … eyelid. The ophthalmologist indicated the presence of panophthalmitis of the entire right eye with optic neuritis and right orbital cellulitis. The bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage showed Gram-negative bacteria known as Klebsiella. After 17 days of hospitalization, the patient was discharged from the hospital on treatment with oral fluconazole, oral …

Clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease according to their epitopes.

BACKGROUND: The detection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies (MOG-Ab) is essential for the diagnosis of MOG-Ab-associated … vity to MOG Proline42 (P42) were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty five patients with MOGAD were enrolled. Optic neuritis was the most common presenting syndrome. The P42 position of MOG was a major epitope of MOG-Ab. The patients with a monophasic clinical course and childhood-onset patients were only observed in the group that showed reactivity to the P42 epitope. C …

Clinical spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in Brazil: a single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated neurological disor … mean disease duration of 59.6 months (range 1-264 months). The most frequent onset presentation was optic neuritis (68%), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM, 12%), and myelitis (10%). A monophasic disease course was observed in 49%. EDSS median was 2.1 at the last visit. Most patients (83%) were under continuous immunosuppressive treatment. Azathioprine …

Evaluation of peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal vascularity index in patients with multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in the peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (PCVI) and subfoveal choroidal vascularity index (SFCVI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy subjects. METHODS: A total of 145 eyes of 73 patients were investigated in this cross-sectional study. 78 eyes of 39 MS patients (Group 1) and 67 eyes of 34 healthy subjects (Group 2) were evaluated. MS patients with a history of optic neuritis (ON) constituted Group 1a, those without a history of ON constituted Group 1b. RESULTS: The mean PCVI was significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (61,39 ± 3,00% v…

Comparison of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease and aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in adults.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker for evaluating disease activity in systemic autoimmune diseases. However, few studie … ntiate between both diseases at a cut-off value of > 2.86 when patients have clinical symptoms like optic neuritis or myelitis.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease and Transverse Myelitis Probably Associated With SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines: Two Case Reports.

Post-vaccination CNS demyelinating syndromes have been reported with a variety of vaccines including the severe acute respiratory syndrome c … owel/bladder dysfunction three days after receiving the Moderna vaccine. He was diagnosed with left optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; he tested positive for the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody. A 39-year-old woman presented with progressive lower extremity weakness/numbness 7 days after receiving the Pfizer vaccine. Sh …

Investigating paraneoplastic aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder through a data-driven approach.

BACKGROUND: Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD) might occur in association with cancer. Acc … d. HCA classified patients in three clusters that differed in terms of isolated/multifocal attacks, optic neuritis, pediatric onset, and type of underlying tumor. Age, time from neoplasm to NMOSD onset, and tumor AQP4 staining did not differ between clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Our data-driven approach reveals that paraneoplastic NMOSD does not present a homogeneous …

AQP4-IgG autoimmunity in Japan and Germany: Differences in clinical profiles and prognosis in seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND: Clinical outcomes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) vary across different regions. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical profiles in Japanese and German NMOSD patients. METHODS: Medical records of aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) positive NMOSD patients from Japan (n = 54) and Germany (n = 38) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The disability status was similar between both cohorts, although Japanese patients had a longer disease duration (13.3 ± 11.1 vs. 8.1 ± 6.9 years, p = 0.018) but similar relapse rates. Optic neuritis and myelitis were the most frequ…

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A nationwide Portuguese clinical epidemiological study.

INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare disorder in which astrocyte damage and/or demyelination often cause s … ciated with higher morbidity/mortality than other forms of NMOSD. MOG-Ab+ more often presented with optic neuritis, required less immunosuppression, and had better outcome. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological/clinical NMOSD profiles in the Portuguese population are similar to other European countries.

Hypocellular Philadelphia chromosome-positive mixed-phenotype acute leukemia successfully treated with dasatinib: A case report.

Both hypocellular leukemia and Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) are rare subtypes of leukemia sho … y. Although blood cells recovered with methylprednisolone pulse administration alone for concurrent optic neuritis, hematopoietic function rapidly normalized with dasatinib administered after definitive diagnosis of Ph-positive leukemia. Dasatinib and oral prednisolone were continued following methylprednisolone pulse administration and the patient achieved mole …