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Correlates of self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse in a community sample of women.

The correlates of self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse were examined in a large community sample of young adult women (N = 5255). Scores on measures of eating disorder psychopathology, general psychological distress, functional impairment, as well as the use of health services for an eating or weight problem were compared among participants who reported regular self-induced vomiting, but not laxative misuse (N = 59), and those who reported regular misuse of laxatives, but not vomiting (N = 39). Individuals who misused laxatives were older, perceived poorer physical health, and were less l

Body image dissatisfaction in individuals with obesity seeking bariatric surgery: exploring the burden of new mediating factors.

INTRODUCTION: For bariatric surgery candidates body image dissatisfaction (BID) may influence both psychological well-being and motivation to obtain surgery. This study aims to examine possible psychiatric predictors of BID. In particular, we explored the burden of new associated factors such as early trauma and attachment style (AS), which have not been assessed in previous literature. METHODS: In this study, 536 patients with extreme obesity (mean Body Mass Index, BMI=43 kg/m2, SD=6.62) undergoing presurgical psychiatric evaluations as part of a mandatory workup before surgery were chosen a

Increased naive CD4+ and B lymphocyte subsets are associated with body mass loss and drive relative lymphocytosis in anorexia nervosa patients.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an atypical form of malnutrition with peculiar changes in the immune system. We hypothesized that different lymphocyte subsets are differentially affected by malnutrition in AN, and thus, our aim was to investigate the influence of body mass loss on the variability of lymphocyte subsets in AN patients. A group of 66 adolescent female patients, aged 12-17 years, referred for their first episode of either AN or feeding or eating disorders not elsewhere classified were studied upon admission (46 AN-restricting subtype, 11 AN-binge/purging subtype, and 9 feeding or eating

Multiple comorbidities of 21 psychological disorders and relationships with psychosocial variables: a study of the online assessment and diagnostic system within a web-based population.

BACKGROUND: While research in the area of e-mental health has received considerable attention over the last decade, there are still many areas that have not been addressed. One such area is the comorbidity of psychological disorders in a Web-based sample using online assessment and diagnostic tools, and the relationships between comorbidities and psychosocial variables. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify comorbidities of psychological disorders of an online sample using an online diagnostic tool. Based on diagnoses made by an automated online assessment and diagnostic system administered to a la

Antagonism of glutamatergic NMDA and mGluR5 receptors decreases consumption of food in baboon model of binge-eating disorder.

Excessive consumption of highly palatable foods may contribute to the development of weight gain. Therefore medications that selectively suppress eating of such foods would be useful in clinical practice. We compared the effects of the glutamatergic antagonists memantine and MTEP to dexfenfluramine in baboons given periodic access to highly palatable food and ad libitum access to a standard chow diet. Three days a week baboons received a sugar-coated candy during the first meal and standard standard-diet chow pellets were available in subsequent meals. All baboons derived a greater amount of e

Health service utilization for eating disorders: findings from a community-based study.

BACKGROUND: Prior use of health services was examined in a community sample of women with bulimic-type eating disorders. METHOD: Participants (n = 159) completed a structured interview for the assessment of eating disorder psychopathology as well as questions concerning treatment-seeking and type of treatment received. RESULTS: Whereas a minority (40.3%) of participants had received treatment for an eating problem, most had received treatment for a general mental health problem (74.2%) and/or weight loss (72.8%), and all had used one or more self-help treatments. Where treatment was received

Associations between chronic comorbidity and exacerbation risk in primary care patients with COPD.

BACKGROUND: COPD often coexists with chronic conditions that may influence disease prognosis. We investigated associations between chronic (co)morbidities and exacerbations in primary care COPD patients. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study based on 2012-2013 electronic health records from 179 Dutch general practices. Comorbidities from patients with physician-diagnosed COPD were categorized according to International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) codes. Chi-squared tests, uni- and multivariable logistic, and Cox regression analyses were used to study associations with exacerbations, de

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… cancer | B74.01, B74 | ICPC code before 1-1-12 Anaemia | 0.1 | Pernicous/folic acid anaemia | B81, B81.01, B81.02 | ICPC code before 1-1-12 AND (recode OR connection to episode) 12 months after first ICPC [ 43 ] Haemolytic anaemia | B78, B78.01, B78.02, B78.03 | ICPC code before 1-1-12 Anorextia or bulimia … disease Respiratory COPD Asthma Sleep apnea syndrome Chronic sinusitis Other chronic pulmonary disease Bronchiectasis/chronic bronchitis Mental Health Depression Anxiety disorder Alcohol problems Other psychoactive substance misuse Schrizophrenia/non-organic psychosis/bipolar disorder Anorextia or bulimia …

[What do we know about compassion focused therapy for anxiety and depressive symptoms: A scoping review].

OBJECTIVE: Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the most common psychiatric conditions and have a high comorbidity rate. While cogniti … sive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotic disorder, personality disorder, bulimia, dementia) (51 %, n=32), non-clinical samples (students, parents, teachers, the general public) (31 %, n=20), or subjects with somatic conditions (irritable bowel syndrome, cancer, pain, chronic illness, acne, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular dise …

Framework for Brain-Derived Dimensions of Psychopathology.

IMPORTANCE: Psychiatric diagnoses are not defined by neurobiological measures hindering the development of therapies targeting mechanisms un … ndividuals and patients with alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. EXPOSURES: Sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis was used to integrate diverse data from clinical symptoms and 7 brain imaging modalities. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The prediction of symptom features was the main outcome. Th …

Outcomes in people with eating disorders: a transdiagnostic and disorder-specific systematic review, meta-analysis and multivariable meta-regression analysis.

Eating disorders (EDs) are known to be associated with high mortality and often chronic and severe course, but a recent comprehensive system … females: 72.4%, mean follow-up: 38.3±76.5 months), conducted in persons with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED), and/or mixed EDs, from all continents except Africa. In all EDs pooled together, overall recovery occurred in 46% of patients (95% CI: 44-49, n=283, mea …

Correlation of fat distribution in whole body MRI with generally used anthropometric data.

OBJECTIVES: : Obesity is a commonly known risk for many diseases such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Especially important … sisted of 38 healthy volunteers, 17 patients with a depressive syndrome and 13 women suffering from bulimia nervosa. Individual body volume, total adipose tissue (TAT) volume, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) volume at the trunk, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume were determined, using whole body MRI. Additionally, body fat profiles were standard …

[Evaluation of the utility of a Nutrition Education Program with Eating Disorders].

INTRODUCTION: As eating disorders include both psychological and physiological components, appropriate management of these disorders require … he diagnoses were: Anorexia Nervosa Restrictive (ANR) 32.5% Anorexia Nervosa Purgative (ANP) 26.5%, Bulimia Nervosa (BN) 18%, Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) 21% and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) 2%. The average evolution time since the diagnosis was 4.8 +/- 5 years. An anthropometric assessment, assessment of daily oral intake, 24-hour diet …

Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in psychiatry.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral perfusion imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in the research and clinical fields to assess … disease, attention deficit, Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Huntington's disease, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and substance abuse. For each disorder for which perfusion MRI studies were found, a brief overview of the disorder symptoms, treatment, prevalence, and existing models is provided, and previous findings from nuclear medic …

[ADH/D and impulsiveness: Prevalence of impulse control disorders and other comorbidities, in 81 adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADH/D)].

UNLABELLED: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADH/D) is a neuropsychological developmental disorder characterized by pervasive and i … 8.3 %, Agoraphobia: 22.2 %, panic disorder: 17.2 %, hypomanic episode: 16 %, social phobia: 11.1 %, bulimia nervosa: 8.6 %, and antisocial personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: 3.7 %. Regarding the addictive comorbidities, we found a prevalence of 14.8 % of substance abuse (non-alcohol), followed by 7.4 % of alcohol abuse, 6.1 % of subst …

Maternal eating disorders and infant feeding difficulties: maternal and child mediators in a longitudinal general population study.

BACKGROUND: Maternal eating disorders (ED) have been shown to increase the risk of feeding difficulties in the offspring. Very few studies, however, have investigated whether the effect of a maternal ED on childhood feeding is a direct effect or whether it can be ascribed to other child or maternal factors. We aimed to determine the role of maternal anxiety and depression in mediating the risk for feeding difficulties in infants of women with ED. METHODS: A prospective study comparing women with lifetime ED (441) and without any lifetime psychiatric disorder (10,461) and their infants from th

Immunoendocrine findings in patients with eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between salivary cortisol secretion and the presence of cancer in the oral cavity has not been completely clarified. Due to this, we proposed carrying out a study to determine salivary cortisol levels in patients with potentially malignant disorders (PMD), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional case-control study, among 80 patients seen at the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Rosario, Argentina, between January 2018 and April 2020. 40 cases represented by Leukoplakia, Lichen, Erythroplak

Assessment of dental fear and anxiety levels in eating disorder patients undergoing minor oral surgery.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of dental fear and anxiety in women with eating disorders (EDs) scheduled for oral surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 61 patients with EDs, an identical number of age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls, and 2 consecutive, randomly selected, clinical and nonclinical samples each consisting of 220 female subjects were included in the present study. The participants completed the demographic and clinical forms, as well as the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) and dental fear survey (DFS) before the surgical

Adolescent and young adult vegetarianism: better dietary intake and weight outcomes but increased risk of disordered eating behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Examine characteristics of current and former adolescent and young adult vegetarians and investigate the relationships between vegetarianism, weight, dietary intake, and weight-control behaviors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using data from a population-based study in Minnesota (Project EAT-II: Eating Among Teens). SETTING: Participants completed a mailed survey and food frequency questionnaire in 2004. PARTICIPANTS: Males and females (n=2,516), ages 15-23 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight status, dietary intake (fruit, vegetables, fat, calories), unhealthful weight-contr

Weight status and pathways to eating disorder referral from primary care in England and Northern Ireland: a cross-sectional analysis of routine care data.

BACKGROUND: There is a need to understand how weight status influences access to eating disorder services. We aimed to examine characteristi … 88]; p=0·61). The interaction terms between having an eating disorder diagnosis and underweight for bulimia nervosa (0·76 [0·64-0·90]; p=0·0018), other specified feeding or eating disorder (0·76 [0·64-0·90]; p=0·0018), and generic eating disorder (0·72 [0·65-0·80]; p<0·0001) were negatively associated with receiving an eating disorder referral. INTERPRET …