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High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Female patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at risk for osteoporosis because of gender, immobility, and corticosteroid use. METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry in 80 female MS patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. All patients completed a questionnaire that included measurements of dietary intake and sunlight exposure. Biochemical indices of bone metabolism and turnover were measured in a random sample of 52 patients. RESULTS: BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was 1 to 2 SDs lower in MS women compared with a healthy r…

Differential diagnosis of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy and multiple sclerosis in Iranian patients.

Two Iranian patients with chronic progressive spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction were referred to our hospital with the presumptive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Routine CSF analysis and magnetic resonance imaging of the two patients were only partially characteristic of MS. Testing for antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type I [HTLV-I] in serum using a radioimmune precipitation assay revealed antibodies to HTLV-I in both patients. The infection with HTLV-I was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and liquid hybridization analysis using primers to the tax/rex re…

Severe periphlebitis, peripheral retinal ischemia, and preretinal neovascularization in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Two patients with definite multiple sclerosis and marked retinal periphlebitis developed occlusive peripheral retinal vasculitis, which resulted in peripheral retinal ischemia and peripheral retinal neovascularization. Results of investigation for other causes of peripheral proliferative retinopathies were negative in both patients although one patient had a positive anticardiolipin antibody. Both patients have been followed up for over seven years and have maintained good visual acuity with mild regression of the preretinal neovascularization without laser intervention. An analysis of these t…

Magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis: concerted action guidelines.

Serial gadolinium enhanced MRI of the brain detects much clinically silent disease activity in early relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and thus has an important role in monitoring the effects of therapy. Based on the proceedings of a recent Commission of the European Communities (CEC) workshop and a review of the literature, guidelines are presented for using MRI to monitor treatment trials in MS. The guidelines consider: A) MRI system and techniques; B) patient selection; C) trial design; D) analysis of results. Priorities for future research are also indi…

Intermittent clean self-catheterization in clients with neurogenic bladder resulting from multiple sclerosis.

For the client with multiple sclerosis (MS), urinary retention is a symptom that must be dealt with effectively because of the risk of life-threatening complications. Estimates of bladder involvement in these clients range as high as 73-90%. Intermittent clean self-catheterization (ICSC) is now being used by some clients with neurogenic bladder resulting from MS. This article addresses the success of, and problems presented by this technique to the person with MS as recorded in the literature and as related in three actual case studies.

Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis in optic neuritis and suspected multiple sclerosis.

The prognostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis and IgG-index has been investigated in 44 patients, of whom 10 had optic neuritis and 34 suspected, possible or probable multiple sclerosis. The predictive value of CSF oligoclonal banding for future disease dissemination is very high in the suspected multiple sclerosis subgroup, where after a follow-up of 4.4 years, 7 out of 7 band-positive patients displayed further disease activity. The absence of CSF oligoclonal bands seems to carry a relatively benign short-term (follow-up 3.4 years) prognosis in suspected MS cases.

Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and other techniques in 39 multiple sclerosis patients.

Till now there are no specific laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). For this reason the diagnosis of MS is based on the clinical evidence of central nervous system white matter disease with temporal and spatial dissemination of the lesions. Recent advances in neurophysiology and imaging techniques can provide more objective criteria towards more accurate and earlier diagnosis, detecting clinically unsuspected lesions. We evaluated 39 MS patients (23 definite, 7 probable, 9 possible) by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT scan, Evoked Potentials (EPs) testing a…

Prevalence studies of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and myopathies in Kumamoto district, Japan.

The prevalence ratio per 100,000 population of each disease was multiple sclerosis (MS) 1.3, myasthenia gravis (MG) 6.7, and polymyositis (PM) 5.0 in Kumamoto city, Japan (population 0.56 million, and the survey date on June 30, 1982). The prevalence ratio of MS was similar to that of 25 years ago in Kumamoto city. The incidence of MS had been stable despite Westernization of life-style in Japan. The prevalence ratio of MG and PM had increased moderately, possibly due to prolongation of life with recent progress in therapy. The prevalence ratio of all types of myopathies in Kumamoto prefecture…

[Clinically detectable oculomotor disorders in multiple sclerosis. Results of studies on 100 patients].

The eye movements of 100 patients with a definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were systematically examined using simple clinical tests, whose reliability had been first verified on 40 healthy controls. In 76 of the patients one or more eye movement disorders were observed. The most frequent finding was dissociation of the horizontal saccades due to mainly abortive forms of Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO). In about half of these cases other signs of INO were present. The majority of the remaining pathological findings could be attributed to cerebellar disorders which mainly consisted of …

Analysis of immunoglobulin G in multiple sclerosis brain: quantitative and isoelectric focusing studies.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in soluble and particulate fractions of discrete tissue samples from multiple sclerosis (MS) brain was analysed. Supernatant IgG/albumin rations and particulate-bound IgG levels were highest in samples dissected from MS plaques and adjacent white matter. Acid extracts of particulate fractions from the equivalent of 1 g of MS plaque tissue contained up to 15 micrograms IgG, an order of magnitude less than the amount in extracts from a subacute sclerosing panencephatitis (SSPE) brain, but 20 times more than those from control brain. By contrast, supernatant fractions from …

Search for canine-distemper-virus antibodies in multiple sclerosis. A detailed virological evaluation.

Sera and cerebrospinal fluid samples from multiple-sclerosis (MS) patients, matched controls, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients were analysed for the presence of antibodies specific for measles and canine distemper virus (CDV). Virus-specific antibodies were identified by haemagglutination inhibition, neutralisation, and immune precipitation in combination with polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. SSPE and MS patients had a higher antibody activity towards measles virus than controls. Moreover, human sera partly neutralised CDV; this was attributed to antibody activity aga

[Evoked response audiometry and vestibular examinations in patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

A possible involvement of the VIII cranial nerve in Multiple Sklerosis was investigated. 15 of the 135 MS-patients were tested by evoked response audiometry (ERA) and vestibular examinations. Only a central nystagmus, central vertigo and coordination disorder were seen. Lesions of the peripheral vestibular system and pathological data of the evoked response audiometry were not found.

Establishment of continuous multiple sclerosis brain cultures after transformation with PML-SV40 virus.

PML-SV40 virus was used to transform cells from explants and monolayer subcultures of human brain derived from biopsies or autopsies of MS cases, as well as from 1 case of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (JC), 1 case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and several cases without CNS disease. The success of transformation depended on the growth condition of the culture at the time of infection but at present at least 14 cell lines, 10 derived from MS, 2 from JC, 1 from ALS and 1 from a normal non-CNS patient are maintained in continuous culture.

Motor Sequence Learning across Multiple Sessions Is Not Facilitated by Targeting Consolidation with Posttraining tDCS in Patients with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Compared to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), progressive MS is characterized by a lack of spontaneous recovery and a poor response to pharmaceutical immunomodulatory treatment. These patients may, therefore, particularly benefit from interventions that augment training-induced plasticity of the central nervous system. In this cross-sectional double-blind cross-over pilot study, effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor sequence learning were examined across four sessions on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 in 16 patients with progressive MS. Active or sham anodal tDCS o…

Качество жизни в множестве склероза по сравнению с амиотропическим латеральным склерозом: утомление и быстрый прогресс в болезнях влияет на способность к психосоциальной адаптации.

Фон/цели: Множественный склероз (MS) является сложным неврологическим заболеванием, связанным с широким спектром физических и психологических симптомов. Психосоциальная перестройка (ПСП) означает способность решать эти проблемы, которые влияют на качество жизни (QoL) и депрессивность таким образом, что это еще не в полной мере понятно. В этом исследовании изучается взаимосвязь между PSA и симптомами конкретных заболеваний в MS, включая усталость, явный симптом MS. Кроме того, PSA сравнивается с амиотропическим латеральным склерозом (ALS), с тем чтобы рассеять влияние траектории заболеваний на

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease that is associated with a broad spectrum of physical and psychological symptoms. Psychosocial adjustment (PSA) refers to the ability to cope with these challenges, which influence quality of life (QoL) and depressiveness in ways not yet fully understood. This study explores the …