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[Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2002].

A total of 26,734 bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2002 (incidence 69.9/100,000 population). S. Enteritidis was found in 94.8% of collective outbreaks (in Poland 4 sick people and more) and 90.4% cases in outbreaks caused by Salmonella of animal's source. The main vehicle of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks in 2002 was food prepared from various raw materials (3 and more) of animal's source (35.6% cases in outbreaks) and the next--from eggs (20.9% cases in outbreaks). Private homes prevailed (47.1% outbreaks, 66.2% outbreaks caused by Salmonella) among the …

Bacteriuria and urinary tract infections in malnourished children.

We prospectively examined the incidence of bacteriuria in malnourished patients between 6 months and 5 years of age. For each patient, a nor … .6%) and elevated levels of acute-phase reactants (88.2%), indicating the presence of urinary tract infections (UTI) rather than asymptomatic colonization. Our observations show that malnourished children, particularly those with fever, are at risk for UTI. Urinalysis is useful for screening for UTI in these subjects. Urine culture should be performed in pat …

Uncommon asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in Gabonese children.

To assess the frequency of asymptomatic plasmodial infections in young children living in an area of hyperendemicity, a cohort of 200 children in Gabon was investigated longitudinally. Of 660 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 77% were symptomatic at the time they were identified and only 7% were preceded by an asymptomatic phase of >4 days. Sickle cell trait, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and mutation in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor (TNF(-376A/-238A)) were significantly associated with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection (P=.03, P=.009, and P<.001, resp…

Update on antibiotics used to treat orofacial infections.

Odontogenic infections are most often composed of many different bacteria. The pathogenesis of odontogenic infections depends on the relationship between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria within the infection. Historically, penicillins have been used to treat odontogenic infections. With the ever-increasing bacterial resistance to penicillin-based antibiotics with dental pathogens and concurrent clinical failures with penicillins, other agents have become increasingly attractive. Clindamycin has more recently become a drug of choice for the management of odontogenic infections because of the bact…

An evidence-based approach to diabetic foot infections.

Foot infections are a major complication of diabetes mellitus and contribute to the development of gangrene and lower extremity amputation. Recent evidence indicates that persons with diabetes are at greater risk for infection because of underlying neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and impaired responses to infecting organisms. This article reviews the underlying pathophysiology, causes, microbiology, and current management concepts for this potentially limb-threatening complication. Multidisciplinary management consisting of teams of specialists with a focus on limb preservation can ma…

Advances in the management of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections.

One of the major characteristics of Chlamydia spp. is its ability to cause prolonged, often subclinical infections. Chronic, persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases initially not thought to be infectious, including asthma, arthritis and atherosclerosis. C. pneumoniae is susceptible in vitro to a wide range of antimicrobial agents that target either protein or DNA synthesis, including macrolides, ketolides, tetracyclines, quinolones and rifamycins. Practically all treatment studies evaluating presented or published to da…

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in recovery from poxvirus infections.

The availability of mutant and gene targeted knockout mice with defects in components of cellular cytotoxicity mediated by either the Fas or the exocytosis pathway permitted an analysis of their role in recovery from poxvirus infections. Ectromelia (EV), a natural mouse pathogen causing mousepox, the closely related orthopoxviruses cow pox (CPV) and vaccinia virus (VV), each encode serpins that inhibit Fas mediated apoptosis and lysis of target cells. Nevertheless, distinct differences were seen when the three viruses were inoculated into perforin-deficient mice: highly resistant C57Bl/6 mice …

Upper respiratory tract infections: who plays, who sits?

In athletes with upper respiratory infections (URIs), the question of who plays and who sits can be difficult to answer. Acute exercise suppresses several aspects of the immune system. None of these immunologic changes, however, consistently correlate with the incidence of URIs in athletes. The risk of infection with exercise seems to follow a J-curve relationship, with regular, moderate exercisers having a lower risk than sedentary people, and regular, strenuous exercisers having the highest risk of all. The decision to allow an athlete to play or not can be guided by the "neck check" rules, …

Гипергаммаглобулинемию и индукционные механизмы лечения вирусных инфекций.

Поликлонная гипергаммаглобулиномия является характерной чертой хронических подстрекательских заболеваний, включая сохраняющиеся вирусные инфекции и аутоиммунные заболевания. Здесь мы изучили гипергаммаглобулинемию у мышей, инфицированных лимфоцитным хориомингитом (LCMV), который вызывает неконкретные иммуноглобулины в результате переноса естественных особенностей IgM на IgG. Этот процесс зависит от помощи CD4+T клеток, которые конкретно распознают Пептиды ЛКМВ, представленные клетками В на основных гистокомпьютерных сложных молекулах класса II. Таким образом, гипергаммаглобулинемия может возни

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is a characteristic of chronic inflammatory conditions, including persisting viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Here we have studied hypergammaglobulinemia in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which induces nonspecific immunoglobulins as a result of switching natural IgM specificities to Ig…

The Treatment of Severe Group A Streptococcal Infections.

Group A streptococci can cause a variety of diseases ranging from uncomplicated superficial infections to severe systemic infections associated with high morbidity and mortality. Since the late 1980s a drastic resurgence of highly aggressive invasive streptococcal infections, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis, have been noted worldwide. This has prompted intense research in the field and important new information has been gained regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of life-threatening invasive group A streptococcal infections. Exotoxins with superantige…

Cutaneous infections in the elderly: diagnosis and management.

Over the past several years there have been many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous infectious diseases. This review focus … py and greater efficacy than previous therapies. The treatment of bacterial skin and skin structure infections in the elderly is an important issue. There has been an alarming increase in the incidence of gram-positive infections, including resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and drug-resistant pneumococci. While van …

Occurrence of Actinomyces in infections of endodontic origin.

Species of Actinomyces have been associated with endodontic treatment that failed to heal. In this study polymerase chain reaction was used with a pair of universal primers for Actinomyces and species-specific primers to evaluate the contents of infected root canals and aspirates from abscesses or cellulitis for the presence of Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, and A. viscosus. DNA was extracted from 131 clinical samples. DNA from 2 of the original 131 samples was not available for polymerase chain reaction with the universal primer for Actinomyces and A. naeslundii. DNA reacting with the u

Infections by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X in Spain.

We describe an atypical presentation of bacteremia caused by N. meningitidis serogroup X. By multilocus sequence typing the isolate was characterized to the sequence type 2139, which is not related with the clonal complex recently isolated in Africa. Since 1984, only six cases of serogroup X N. meningitidis infections have been diagnosed in Spain. Nevertheless, after the application of the conjugated vaccine, attention should be paid to the emergence of infections caused by unusual serogroups of N. meningitidis.

[Infections caused by piercing and tattoos--a review].

Piercing, i.e. perforation of skin or mucous membranes in order to attach mostly metallic jewelery as well as multicolored skin tattooing have become more popular than ever before and a considerable number of (young) people practise these methods of body art which are supposed to increase the individuality. But there is a lot of side effects, among them especially infections. The most important bacteria cultivated from such patients are Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses which can be transmitted by piercing or tattooing are especially hepatitis B vi…

[Ulcerating Herpes simplex infections in intensive care patients].

Herpes simplex infections are potentially a life-threatening situation for immunocompromised as well as critically ill patients. The correct diagnosis is made more difficult in comatose patients by the fact that the characteristic symptom of extreme pain cannot be registered. The clinical dermatological findings (polycyclic configuration, easily bleeding ulcers) are thus especially important in patients under intensive care conditions. As examples, the cases of 3 critically ill patients (subarachnoid bleeding or head injury) developing therapy-resistant, flat sacral or perioral skin ulcers wit…

Application of computed tomography in childhood respiratory infections.

The role of computed tomography (CT), including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), is still evolving in children. Radiation dose is an important consideration, but CT has advantages over chest radiography as it is more sensitive and specific for a variety of conditions affecting the pulmonary parenchyma. Careful attention to CT technique is vital for good quality diagnostic images in the paediatric population. The CT appearances of bacterial, viral, fungal, tuberculous and mycoplasma respiratory tract infections are discussed. The role of CT in specific circumstances such as the inves…

[Human mycobacterial infections: impact of host genetic factors].

Humans are exposed worldwide to a variety of environmental mycobacteria (EM) and most children are inoculated with live Bacille Calmette-Gué … nt knowledge about genetic predisposition to common (leprosy and tuberculosis) and rare (BCG and EM infections) mycobacterial infections.

Antimicrobial activity of Penicillins in common paediatric infections.

Pediatric bacterial infections are very rapidly growing in developing countries. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is a serious problem in the treatment of Pediatric bacterial infection. One of the most effective ways to control antibiotic resistance, is the development of surveillance programs. For this purpose isolates were collected from paediatric wards of different hospitals. The result shows that isolates were highly resistant against majority of selected antibiotics with increase in the MIC's. In Penicillin group, the most effective agent is Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, m…