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Drivers of melioidosis endemicity: epidemiological transition, zoonosis, and climate change.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Melioidosis, caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a tropical infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes current insights into melioidosis' endemicity, focusing on epidemiological transitions, zoonosis, and climate change. RECENT FINDINGS: Estimates of the global burden of melioidosis affirm the significance of hot-spots in Australia and Thailand. However, it also highlights the paucity of systematic data from South Asia, The Americas, and Africa. Globally, the growing incidence of diabetes, chronic renal and…

Current advances in metabolomic studies on non-motor psychiatric manifestations of Parkinson's disease (Review).

Life expectancy has increased worldwide and, along with it, a greater prevalence of age-dependent disorders, chronic illnesses and comorbidities can be observed. In 2019, in both Europe and the Americas, dementias ranked 3rd among the top 10 causes of death. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent type of neurodegenerative disease. In the last decades, globally, the number of people suffering from PD has more than doubled to over 6 million. Of all the neurological disorders, PD increased with the fastest rate. This troubling trend highlights the stringent need for accurate diagnos…

Modelling Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis Attraction to Host Odour: Synthetic Sex-Aggregation Pheromone Dominates the Response.

Zoontic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) due to Leishmania infantum is a potentially fatal protozoan parasitic disease of humans and dogs. In the Americas, dogs are the reservoir and the sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal vector. A synthetic version of the male sand fly produced sex-aggregation pheromone attracts both female and male conspecifics to co-located insecticide, reducing both reservoir infection and vector abundance. However the effect of the synthetic pheromone on the vector's "choice" of host (human, animal reservoir, or dead-end host) for blood feeding in the presence of …

Detection and genetic analysis of a novel atypical porcine pestivirus from piglets with congenital tremor in Japan.

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), which has been confirmed to be associated with congenital tremor (CT) in pigs, is a newly discovered porcine virus that has been found in the Americas, Europe and Asia; however, no report of APPV in Japan has been published. We identified an APPV in the central nervous system of Japanese piglets with CT and firstly determined and analysed the complete genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis using the complete genome nucleotide sequence of the Japanese APPV, named Anna/2020, and those of APPVs from the NCBI database showed that APPVs were divided into three ge…

Proceedings from the Inaugural American Initiative in Mast Cell Diseases (AIM) Investigator Conference.

The American Initiative in Mast Cell Diseases (AIM) held its inaugural investigator conference at Stanford University School of Medicine in … ders are relatively rare, AIM hopes to achieve a coordination of scientific efforts not only in the Americas but also in Europe by collaborating with the well-established European Competence Network on Mastocytosis.

Comparative ACE2 variation and primate COVID-19 risk.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has caused over a million human deaths and massive global disruption. The viral infection may also represent a t … (catarrhines), exhibit the same set of twelve key amino acid residues as human ACE2. Monkeys in the Americas, and some tarsiers, lemurs and lorisoids, differ at critical contact residues, and protein modeling predicts that these differences should greatly reduce SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity. Other lemurs are predicted to be closer to catarrhines in their su …

A critical appraisal of bypass surgery in moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a complex cerebrovascular disorder about which little is known. Conventionally, revascularization surgery is recom … evention of future ischemic events. In contrast to East Asian populations, MMD in Europe and in the Americas is predominantly an ischemic disease that presents in adulthood. Adequate multinational trials are warranted.

Acute histoplasmosis in travelers: a retrospective study in an Italian referral center for tropical diseases.

Purpose: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection acquired through inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum microconidia, mostly present in the Americas. Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients can present a wide spectrum of signs/symptoms, ranging from mild disease to a severe, disseminated infection. The aim of this observational study is to describe histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in travelers and their clinical/radiological and therapeutic pattern.Methods: Retrospective study at the Department of Infectious - Tropical Diseases and Microbiology (DITM) of Negrar, Verona, Italy, between Ja…

Allele Frequency of ACE2 Intron Variants and Its Association with Blood Pressure.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known as the counter-regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, it cleaves angiotensin II to rende … identified for ACE2 rs2048683 and rs4240157 in populations with European ancestry and people of the Americas. Regression analyses identified a significant association of ACE2 rs2048683 and rs4240157 with SBP/DBP in males or females. Our observations confirm sex differences in ACE2 genetic associations with SBP and DBP and contribute to the collection of ge …

Animal models of congenital zika syndrome provide mechanistic insight into viral pathogenesis during pregnancy.

In utero Zika virus (ZIKV; family Flaviviridae) infection causes a distinct pattern of birth defects and disabilities in the developing fetus and neonate that has been termed congenital zika syndrome (CZS). Over 8,000 children were affected by the 2016 to 2017 ZIKV outbreak in the Americas, many of whom developed CZS as a result of in utero exposure. To date, there is no consensus about how ZIKV causes CZS; animal models, however, are providing mechanistic insights. Using nonhuman primates, immunocompromised mice, immunocompetent mice, and other animal models (e.g., pigs, sheep, guinea pigs, a…

Xanthenedione (and intermediates involved in their synthesis) inhibit Zika virus migration to the central nervous system in murine neonatal models.

Zika Virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, has become a global concern since its outbreak in the Americas in 2015. With symptoms similar to other Flavivirus as Dengue and Yellow Fever viruses, infections by ZIKV have also been related to several neurological complications such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Considering the high prevalence of ZIKV infection in certain areas, the risks that the virus poses to fetal brain development, and the fact that there is no vaccine or specific prophylaxis available, an effective treatment capable of p…

Dengue Infections in Colombia: Epidemiological Trends of a Hyperendemic Country.

Dengue is a major public health problem in hyperendemic countries like Colombia, the understanding of the epidemiological trends is importan … 2010, 2013, and 2019 with high fatality rates in comparison with the average values reported in the Americas. The case fatality rate of severe dengue exceeded 2% and all four serotypes co-circulate throughout the country with some regional variations. Overall, the behavior of dengue in Colombia is influenced by multiple factors including seasonal temperatu …

Livestock Challenge Models of Rift Valley Fever for Agricultural Vaccine Testing.

Since the discovery of Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) in Kenya in 1930, the virus has become widespread throughout most of Africa and is characterized by sporadic outbreaks. A mosquito-borne pathogen, RVFV is poised to move beyond the African continent and the Middle East and emerge in Europe and Asia. There is a risk that RVFV could also appear in the Americas, similar to the West Nile virus. In light of this potential threat, multiple studies have been undertaken to establish international surveillance programs and diagnostic tools, develop models of transmission dynamics and risk factors fo…

Антивирусные стратегии против артритогенных альфавирусов.

Альфавирусы являются членами семьи Тогавиридае, которые передаются главным образом с помощью таких артроподов, как комары. За последние десятилетия несколько альфавирусов вновь появились, вызывая вспышки во всем мире. Одним из примеров является повторное появление в 2004 году вируса Чикунгуньи (ЧИКВ), который вызвал массовые эпидемии в регионе Индийского океана, после чего вирус резко распространился на Америку в конце 2013 года. Помимо CHIKV, появились и другие альфавирусы, такие, как вирус Росса Ривера (RRV), вирус Майаро (MAYV) и венесуэльский энцефалит (VEV), которые в последние годы стали

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Alphaviruses are members of the Togaviridae family that are mainly transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes. In the last decades, severa … aused massive epidemics in the Indian Ocean region after which the virus dramatically spread to the Americas in late 2013. Besides CHIKV, other alphaviruses, such as the Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), have emerged and have become a serious public health concern in recent years. Infections with …

Asian Schistosomiasis: Current Status and Prospects for Control Leading to Elimination.

Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma. Worldwide, an estimated 250 million people a … and disease control managers in other schistosomiasis-endemic areas, particularly in Africa and the Americas.

Phenothiazinium Dyes Are Active against Trypanosoma cruzi In Vitro.

Chagas disease is a tropical illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease affects populations of the Americas and has been spread to other continents due to the migration process. The disease is partially controlled by two drugs, Benznidazole and Nifurtimox. These molecules are active in the acute phase of the infection but are usually ineffective during the symptomatic chronic phase. Several research groups have developed novel candidates to control Chagas disease; however, no novel commercial formulation is available. In this article, we described the anti-T. cruzi effects …

Worldwide and regional prevalence rates of co-occurrence of insomnia and insomnia symptoms with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent investigations have established that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia have greater daytime impairments and re … ts in the Western Pacific Region were lower than those in the European Region and the Region of the Americas. We also analyzed the pooled prevalence rates of OSA based on different apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) criteria in insomnia patients. The rates were 35% (AHI≥5) and 29% (AHI≥15), respectively. Regional differences of DFA, DMS and EMA in OSA patients may …

Assessing the utility of antivirals for preventing maternal-fetal transmission of zika virus in pregnant mice.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes and birth defects such as microcephaly in newborn chi … ancy. This mouse model somewhat mirrors the experience in humans at the peak of the epidemic in the Americas. Using this model, we demonstrate that a well-documented directly acting antiviral (DAA) compound that targets flaviviral RNA synthesis can completely prevent fetal infection when the treatment is started at the time of infection. Notably, we show t …

Surveillance of congenital Zika syndrome in England and Wales: methods and results of laboratory, obstetric and paediatric surveillance.

The spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas led to large outbreaks across the region and most of the Southern hemisphere. Of greatest concern were complications following acute infection during pregnancy. At the beginning of the outbreak, the risk to unborn babies and their clinical presentation was unclear. This report describes the methods and results of the UK surveillance response to assess the risk of ZIKV to children born to returning travellers. Established surveillance systems operating within the UK - the paediatric and obstetric surveillance units for rare diseases, and natio…

Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil.

Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that occurs throughout the Americas, and is considered a public health threat. In Brazil, SLEV has been detected from human cases associated with dengue-like disease, but no neurological symptoms were reported. Furthermore, the epidemiology of SLEV in human populations is still poorly explored in the country. We reported serological and molecular detection of SLEV in a healthy population of equids and humans from rural areas in Southeast Brazil. A plaque reduction neutralization test was applied, and neutralizing antibodies w…