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GATA binding protein 4: Emerging role in liver development and diseases.

GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) is a zinc finger DNA binding protein first identified in 1993. As a pioneer transcription factor, GATA4 is in … arranted, GATA4 holds potential as a future therapeutic target for liver diseases in the context of precision medicine.

RFWD3: A pivotal E3 ubiquitin ligase in DNA damage response, non-neoplastic disorders and multi-system tumorigenesis.

RFWD3 is a multifunctional RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase and a central hub in the DNA damage response (DDR) network. It regulates replication fork stability, homologous recombination repair, and cell cycle checkpoints through K63-linked ubiquitination of critical DDR effectors, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity. Germline RFWD3 dysfunction disrupts genomic homeostasis, leading to hereditary non-neoplastic disorders, including Fanconi anemia and premature ovarian insufficiency, while somatic aberrations drive tumorigenesis across multiple organ systems. This narrative review summarizes the

Dysregulation of mRNA splicing in urothelial carcinoma: Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Alterations in mRNA splicing play a critical role in driving the molecular heterogeneity of many cancers, including urothelial carcinoma, by … tching oligonucleotides and small molecule spliceosome inhibitors, that offer promising avenues for precision medicine in this disease.

Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Treatment Failure in Neurourology: From Automated Urodynamics to Precision Management.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool for advancing diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning in neurourolog … ata integration, and real-time prediction of treatment outcomes, marking a shift toward data-driven precision medicine. Nevertheless, most published studies remain limited by small, single-center datasets and a lack of external validation. Broader clinical adoption will require multicenter collaboration, adherence to standardized reporting frameworks such as TRIPOD- …

Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Advances.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affecting 20%-50% of patients and leading to end-st … omerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) enable early detection. Precision medicine holds promise for personalized treatment, but gaps in clinical practice and patient adherence persist, necessitating multidisciplinary approaches.

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Depression: Mechanisms, Microbiota-Targeted Interventions, and Translational Challenges.

Depression, a global mental health pandemic, persists with unmet therapeutic needs due to the limitations of conventional antidepressants. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGB axis) is a crucial regulator of depressive pathophysiology, facilitating bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS) through neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. This review explores the complex mechanisms underlying MGB dysfunction in depression, including vagus nerve-mediated signaling, cytokine-driven neuroinflammation, and hyp

Generation of the human iPSC line (AHJNMUi001-A) from a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) carrying the LMNA c.821C>T pathogenic variant.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a hereditary infiltrative cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty replacement o … mechanisms of ARVC and for drug screening. This model holds significant translational potential for precision medicine.

Exosomes in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder marked by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation, often accompanied by … luding engineered exosomes for targeted delivery. Our findings highlight the promise of exosomes as precision medicine tools in PE management.

Advancements in Machine Learning for Precision Diagnostics and Surgical Interventions in Interconnected Musculoskeletal and Visual Systems.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping precision medicine by revealing diagnostic links between ocular biomarkers and systemic musculoskeletal disorders. This review synthesizes clinical evidence on the associations between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived parameters, such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning and choroidal thickness, and conditions including osteoporosis, cervical spine instability, and inflammatory arthritis. The findings, based on an analysis of studies that integrate AI with ocular and musculoskeletal imaging, highlight consistent correlations between o…

The Evolution and Recent Advances in Diagnostic Criteria for Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare cytokine-driven disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and altered lymph node microscopic architecture. Over the past decade, diagnostic criteria have evolved significantly, integrating clinical, histopathological, and molecular biomarker advancements. Key drivers of iMCD pathogenesis, such as interleukin-6 dysregulation and other dysfunctional cytokine signaling, have been identified and led to the development of targeted therapies like siltuximab and tocilizumab. Histopathologic refinements have highlight

От метаболизма к памяти: растущая роль рецептора ГЛП-1 в нейротерапевтии.

Агонисты рецепторов GLP-1 (GLP-1RA), первоначально утвержденные для лечения диабета и ожирения, в настоящее время изучают последствия нейрозащиты для целого ряда неврологических расстройств. Эти агенты, рецепторы которых широко выражены в мозговых регионах, участвующих в когниции и метаболизме, модифицируют эмиссию нейротрансмиттеров и способствуют нейрогенесису. В то время как доклинические исследования неизменно демонстрируют преимущества в моделях болезни Альцгеймера, болезни Паркинсона, множественного склероза и амиотропического бокового склероза (ALS), результаты клинических испытаний был

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially approved for diabetes and obesity, are now under investigation for neuroprotective effects in … oring and patient selection. Future directions include developing reliable biomarkers, implementing precision medicine strategies, and exploring the use of combination therapies to maximize therapeutic potential.

Third-line treatment and beyond in metastatic colorectal cancer: What do we have and what can we expect?

Colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer worldwide and the second cause of cancer-related death. Treatment advances and precision oncological medicine for these tumours have been stalled in comparison to those for other common tumours such as lung and breast cancer. However, the recent publication of the SUNLIGHT trial results with the trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102)-bevacizumab combination and the irruption of new molecular targets with guided treatments have opened new possibilities in third-line metastatic colorectal cancer management. Anti-EGFR rechallenge, anti-HER2 targete

Current and Emerging Radiotracers in Molecular Cardiovascular Imaging.

Cardiovascular imaging has rapidly advanced over the past decades. Traditional imaging techniques such as echocardiography, computed tomogra … otracers, and sophisticated imaging software, molecular imaging is set to play an essential role in precision medicine by enhancing our understanding of disease mechanisms, accelerating the development of targeted therapies, and facilitating personalized patient care.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Inborn Errors of Immunity: Current State and Future Promise.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) research within medicine has exponentially increased over the last decade, with studies showcasing the potential of AI/ML algorithms to improve clinical practice and outcomes. Ongoing research and efforts to develop AI-based models have expanded to aid in the identification of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The use of larger electronic health record data sets, coupled with advances in phenotyping precision and enhancements in ML techniques, has the potential to significantly improve the early recognition of IEI, thereby increasing access

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy for orbital and periorbital tumors: a major review.

Traditionally, for patients who are poor candidates for surgery and/or radiotherapy, palliative chemotherapy is often offered but with significant toxic side effects. However, recent advancements in our understanding of tumor biology and molecular genetics have brought new understanding to the molecular pathways of certain tumors and cancers. This has ushered in a new era of precision medicine specific to a tumor or cancer treatment pathway (targeted therapy) or directed to host-tumor responses (immunotherapy). This article will focus on recent updates in the application of available targeted …

A Visual Diagnosis: Lipodystrophy.

Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare metabolic disorders characterized by local or generalized loss of adipose tissue, resulting in insulin resi … se of GLP-1 analogs has not been systematically evaluated in lipodystrophy and could be a potential precision medicine therapy. We aim to make the reader, particularly generalists or endocrinologists outside of tertiary referral centers, aware of the presentation and clinical features of partial lipodystrophy, emphasize the role of a full physical examination in dia …

The Metabolomics of Critical Illness.

Critical illness is associated with dramatic changes in metabolism driven by immune, endocrine, and adrenergic mediators. These changes invo … critically ill patients who may respond to therapy, but further work is needed before this type of precision medicine is readily employed in the clinical setting.

Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment.

Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistanc…

Medical care of rare and undiagnosed diseases: Prospects and challenges.

Rare and undiagnosed diseases tend to be diverse, misdiagnosed, and difficult to diagnose. In some cases, the disease is progressive and lif … d undiagnosed diseases. In this review, we briefly update and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms and precision medicine for rare and undiagnosed diseases.

[Significance of celiac branch of the vagal nerve in function-preserving gastrectomy].

Function-preserving gastrectomy, especially pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG), can improve the quality of life and has been widely recognized. With the development of surgical techniques and equipment, nerve preservation has become a new requirement in the era of "precision medicine", but the preservation of celiac branch of the vagal nerve remains controversial in gastric cancer surgery. Current researches have shown that the preservation of celiac branch of the vagal nerve is safe and feasible in patients with early gastric cancer. Although controversial, nerve preservation may play a rol…