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Functional stability analyses of maxillofacial skeleton bearing cleft deformities.

The symmetrically stable craniofacial bony structure supports the complex functions and delicate contour of the face. Congenital craniofacial deformities are often accompanied by bony defects and have been repetitively correlated with compromised dento-maxillary stability, but neither the extent nor the pattern of cleft-related maxillary instability has been explored in detail. Furthermore, it is largely unknown if the bony defect and related instability are correlated with secondary maxillary deformity common among patients with orofacial clefts. With the aid of finite element modeling, we st

Maxillary Sinus Membrane Elevation Using a Special Drilling System and Hydraulic Pressure: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes using a newly developed device for maxillary sinus membrane elevation. Patients with a residual bone height of at least 3 mm were enrolled. Crestal sinus lift elevation and sinus graft were performed using the crestal approach sinus (CAS) kit. Graft was avoided if the residual bone crest was ≤ 2 mm less than the length of the planned implant. Outcome measures were implant and prosthesis failure, any biologic or technical complications, and marginal bone loss (MBL). A total of 35 consecutive patients underwent 49 crestal

Bioactive glass added to autogenous bone graft in maxillary sinus augmentation: a prospective histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and bone graft resorption assessment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the bone resorption rate, histomorphometry and immunohistochemical findings of bioactive glass (Biogran; Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) mixed with autogenous bone grafts (1:1) and autogenous bone graft isolate in maxillary sinus elevation surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 9 maxillary sinuses were grafted with Biogran with autogenous bone graft (group 1) and 12 were mixed with autogenous bone graft (group 2). Postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure the initial graft volume after 15 days (T1), and 6 months later, a

Buttock tissue response to loading in men with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that most people with a spinal cord injury who use a wheelchair for mobility are considered at-risk for pressure ulcer (PrU) development, there still exists a spectrum of risk amongst this group. Efforts to differentiate risk level would benefit from clinical tools that can measure or predict the buttocks response to loading. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify how tissue compliance and blood flow were impacted by clinically-measurable risk factors in young men with SCI. METHODS: Blood flow at the ischial tuberosity was measured using laser

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor.

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment of muscle functions is an essential and important, although challenging, prerequisite for successful clinical trials. Current clinical rating scales restrain the movement abnormalities to certain predefined coarse-grained individual items. The Kinect 3-D sensor has emerged as a low-cost and portable motion sensing technology used to capture and track people's movement in many medical and research fields. A novel approach using this 3-D sensor

Using the Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as an Endpoint to Evaluate Whether ROS-Dependent Hemolytic Toxicity Is Involved in the Allelopathy Induced by Karenia mikimotoi.

The toxic effects of the typically noxious bloom-forming dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi were studied using the allelopathic experimental system under controlled laboratory conditions. The potency of intact cell suspensions with whole cells, cell-free culture filtrate in different growth phases, and lysed cells with ultrasonication were compared, and the growth and reproduction of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were used as endpoints to evaluate toxic differences. The intact cell suspension resulted the most significant growth inhibition, including lethality, on the growth of B. pli

Epidemiology of Figure Skating Injuries: A Review of the Literature.

CONTEXT:: As the popularity and technical demands of figure skating increase, so will the number of athletes presenting with sport-related problems. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:: Searches were performed across PubMed from 1980 to 2017. The keywords searched were skating, skaters, incidence, and injuries. The search was limited to English-language articles and human participants. Relevant articles were cross-referenced. STUDY DESIGN:: Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level 5. RESULTS:: Previous studies suggest an increase in incidence of figure skating injuries from 1982 to 2003. When combinin

Population mobility reductions associated with travel restrictions during the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone: use of mobile phone data.

BACKGROUND: Travel restrictions were implemented on an unprecedented scale in 2015 in Sierra Leone to contain and eliminate Ebola virus disease. However, the impact of epidemic travel restrictions on mobility itself remains difficult to measure with traditional methods. New 'big data' approaches using mobile phone data can provide, in near real-time, the type of information needed to guide and evaluate control measures. METHODS: We analysed anonymous mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) from a leading operator in Sierra Leone between 20 March and 1 July in 2015. We used an anomaly detectio

Postnatal Development of Spasticity Following Transgene Insertion in the Mouse βIV Spectrin Gene (SPTBN4).

BACKGROUND: The L25 mouse line was generated by random genomic insertion of a lens-specific transgene. Inbreeding of L25 hemizygotes revealed an unanticipated spastic phenotype in the hind limbs. OBJECTIVE: The goals were to characterize the motor phenotype in the L25 mice and to map the transgene insert site within the mouse genome. METHODS: Six pairs of L25+/- mice were repeatedly mated. Beginning at weaning, all progeny were inspected for body weight and motor signs twice weekly until they displayed predefined ethical criteria for termination. The transgene insert site was determined by w

Speed-dependent modulation of wing muscle recruitment intensity and kinematics in two bat species.

Animals respond to changes in power requirements during locomotion by modulating the intensity of recruitment of their propulsive musculature, but many questions concerning how muscle recruitment varies with speed across modes of locomotion remain unanswered. We measured normalized average burst EMG (aEMG) for pectoralis major and biceps brachii at different flight speeds in two relatively distantly related bat species: the aerial insectivore Eptesicus fuscus, and the primarily fruit-eating Carollia perspicillata These ecologically distinct species employ different flight behaviors but possess

Influence of sulfur dioxide on the respiratory system of Miyakejima adult residents 6 years after returning to the island.

BACKGROUND: Mount Oyama, on the Japanese island of Miyakejima, began erupting in June 2000, necessitating the evacuation of 3,000 island residents. Volcanic gas emissions, primarily consisting of sulfur dioxide (SO2), gradually decreased and residents returned to the island after the evacuation order was lifted in February 2005. OBJECTIVES: To assess the exposure-effect and exposure-response relationships between SO2 exposure and effects on respiratory system in adult Miyakejima residents. METHOD: Health checkups focusing on pulmonary function and respiratory/irritative symptoms were conduct

Evolution and function of anterior cervical vertebral fusion in tetrapods.

The evolution of vertebral fusion is a poorly understood phenomenon that results in the loss of mobility between sequential vertebrae. Non-pathological fusion of the anterior cervical vertebrae has evolved independently in numerous extant and extinct mammals and reptiles, suggesting that the formation of a 'syncervical' is an adaptation that arose to confer biomechanical advantage(s) in these lineages. We review syncervical anatomy and evolution in a broad phylogenetic context for the first time and provide a comprehensive summary of proposed adaptive hypotheses. The syncervical generally cons

Comparative Cost-Effectiveness of Drugs in Early versus Late Stages of Cancer; Review of the Literature and a Case Study in Breast Cancer.

BackgroundMany oncological drugs that are being used in the adjuvant setting were first submitted for reimbursement in the metastatic stage, with differences in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in both settings having potential implications for reimbursement and pricing. The aim of this study is to identify a possible trend in the cost-effectiveness for the early/adjuvant and late/metastatic stages of oncological drugs through review and case study.MethodsWe reviewed pairs of cost-effectiveness analyses of the same oncological drug in different stages for Scotland and the Netherla

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… For example, using a potential threshold of €80,000/QALY [ 4 ], the early stage would be deemed cost-effective, while the late stage is a factor 10 more expensive, lifting it over the assumed threshold and potentially considered not cost-effective. …

Effects of Power Training on Mobility and Gait Biomechanics in Old Adults with Moderate Mobility Disability: Protocol and Design of the Potsdam Gait Study (POGS).

BACKGROUND: Walking speed decreases in old age. Even though old adults regularly participate in exercise interventions, we do not know how the intervention-induced changes in physical abilities produce faster walking. The Potsdam Gait Study (POGS) will examine the effects of 10 weeks of power training and detraining on leg muscle power and, for the first time, on complete gait biomechanics, including joint kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation in old adults with moderate mobility disability. METHODS/DESIGN: POGS is a randomized controlled trial with two arms, each crossed over, without

Proarrhythmic risk and determinants of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in collagen-induced arthritis rats.

BACKGROUNDS: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), which is two-fold higher than general population. The driving cause of SCD was considered due to lift-threatening arrhythmia where systemic inflammation acts as the pathophysiological basis linking RA to autonomicdysfunction. METHODS: To assess the sympathetic over-activity of "inflammatory reflex", we measured heart rate variability (HRV) in a rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, whose arthritis is induced in Lewis rats by intradermal injection of emulsion of type II collagen. Singl

Levator lengthening technique using cartilage or fascia graft for paralytic lagophthalmos in facial paralysis.

INTRODUCTION: Lid loading using gold weights has been commonly used to treat paralytic lagophthalmos (PL); however, the procedure has a relatively high complication rate and the availability of these plates varies among social circumstances. We used a levator lengthening (LL) technique, which originally elongated the levator aponeurosis by inserting a fascia graft between the edge of the levator aponeurosis and the tarsal plate. However, because this procedure tends to result in a wide residual lagophthalmos, we changed the graft material from fascia to conchal cartilage. In this study, we des

3D Topography of the Young Adult Anal Sphincter Complex Reconstructed from Undeformed Serial Anatomical Sections.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic-floor anatomy is usually studied by artifact-prone dissection or imaging, which requires prior anatomical knowledge. We used the serial-section approach to settle contentious issues and an interactive 3D-pdf to make the results widely accessible. METHOD: 3D reconstructions of undeformed thin serial anatomical sections of 4 females and 2 males (21-35y) of the Chinese Visible Human database. FINDINGS: Based on tendinous septa and muscle-fiber orientation as segmentation guides, the anal-sphincter complex (ASC) comprised the subcutaneous external anal sphincter (EAS) and the

Quantitative motor assessment of muscular weakness in myasthenia gravis: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Muscular weakness in myasthenia gravis (MG) is commonly assessed using Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMG). More objective and quantitative measures may complement the use of clinical scales and might detect subclinical affection of muscles. We hypothesized that muscular weakness in patients with MG can be quantified with the non-invasive Quantitative Motor (Q-Motor) test for Grip Force Assessment (QGFA) and Involuntary Movement Assessment (QIMA) and that pathological findings correlate with disease severity as measured by QMG. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional pilot stud

Differences in anxiety and depression symptoms: comparison between older and younger clinical samples.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression symptoms change over the lifespan and older adults use different terms to describe their mental health, contributing to under identification of anxiety and depression in older adults. To date, research has not examined these differences in younger and older samples with comorbid anxiety and depression. METHODS: One hundred and seven treatment-seeking participants (47 older, 60% female, and 60 younger, 50% female) with anxiety and mood disorders completed the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule and a symptom checklist to examine differences in symptom severi

Development and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of N-6-Furfuryl Adenine for Prevention of Photoaging.

N-6-furfuryl adenine (N6FA) also known as "kinetin" is a biologically active natural phytochemical. It belongs to the category of cytokinins, the natural plant growth hormones that promote cell division and play role in cell differentiation. Overall, N6FA aids in increasing the plant's life span. Human cells also contain.small quantities of N6FA. Scientists are trying to understand its function in humans. N6FA is being investigated for its properties such as antiplatelet, antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-aging effects on human cells. The aim of the present investigation was to prepare s