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Molecular Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Boar Reproductive Fluids.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound structures that facilitate intercellular communication in the reproductive system, modulating gamete maturation, capacitation, immunomodulation and fertilization. Despite pigs' high relevance as a biomedical model, many aspects of EV biology remain poorly understood. EVs from boar seminal plasma (SP-EVs) are relatively well studied, whereas epididymosomes remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and characterize EVs from the caput, corpus and cauda regions of boar epididymis, as well as from SP, with their furt

Unjustified Poisson assumptions lead to overconfident estimates of the effective reproductive number.

Time-varying effective reproductive numbers of infectious diseases are commonly estimated using renewal equation models. In the widely applied R package EpiEstim and various related tools, this approach is combined with a Poisson distributional assumption. This has been criticized on various occasions, mostly on grounds of general model realism or a desire to estimate dispersion parameters. Here, we argue that an important issue arising from the Poisson assumption is that inference about the effective reproductive number becomes overconfident in the presence of overdispersion. The extent to wh

Modernizing Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Education to Optimize Military Readiness.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) account for over half of all reportable medical events in the military health system. The military reported a 98% increase in syphilis cases among service members between 2015 and 2023. From 2015 to 2019, the rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea in the Army increased 31% and 49%, respectively. Despite the high morbidity attributed to STIs, there is no standardized, evidence-based sexual and reproductive health education curriculum throughout the military. However, civilian studies on interactive digital interventions (IDIs) as well as interactive computer-bas

Advanced three-dimensional culture technologies in reproductive medicine: A narrative review.

Recent advancements in 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems for follicles, oocytes, and embryos represent a paradigm shift in assisted reproductive technologies and reproductive biology. By mimicking the native physiological microenvironment more faithfully than conventional 2-dimensional systems, these innovative platforms directly address critical limitations of current in vitro embryo production protocols, including low blastocyst development rates, compromised embryo quality, and concerning epigenetic aberrations. This comprehensive review examines a spectrum of emerging 3D strategi

Semen, stigma, and spectacle: reclaiming the narrative around male reproductive health.

Male infertility contributes to nearly half of all cases of infertility worldwide, yet male reproductive health remains under-recognized in research, clinical practice, and public health. Paradoxically, male fertility has recently gained cultural visibility-not through medical initiatives but through spectacle. In 2025, staged 'sperm races' in Los Angeles presented motile spermatozoa as competitors in a sporting contest; online masculinity movements recast declining sperm counts as a symptom of civilizational decline; and, at a recent international reproductive-medicine congress, a sculpture d

Многофакторный характер принятия репродуктивных решений женщинами с множественным склерозом.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (МС) является хроническим неврологическим заболеванием, которое часто затрагивает женщин в их репродуктивном возрасте и может влиять на намерения в отношении фертильности и решения в области планирования семьи. Цель этого исследования заключалась в выявлении факторов, связанных с репродуктивным выбором женщин с НР, и в изучении роли психологических, социальных и связанных с болезнями переменных в процессе принятия решений о рождаемости. МЕТОДЫ: В период с августа в Греции было проведено перекрестное исследование. 2023 и декабрь 2024, включая 103 Женщины в возрас

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… While this ensures a broad representation of reproductive experiences, it inherently weights the sample toward individuals with high fertility motivation and existing reproductive challenges. … Women accessing assisted reproduction services are more likely to have higher fertility motivation, greater awareness of reproductive options, and potentially more complex fertility challenges compared to the general MS population. …

Salidroside Improves Oocyte Competence of Reproductively Old Mice by Enhancing Mitophagy.

The decline of oocyte quality with advanced maternal age has a detrimental effect on female fertility. However, there is limited knowledge o … mprove oocyte quality in reproductively old females in the context of natural fertility or assisted reproduction.

The Reproductive System of Two Species of the Centropagoidea Superfamily From the White Sea.

We studied the gross gonad morphology, the morphology of genital structures involved in sperm reception and egg release, as well as oocyte development in female Centropages Hamatus and Temora longicornis from the White Sea. Our research employed a comprehensive morphological approach, including light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstructions based on series of semithin cross-sections. This integrated methodology enabled detailed visualization of the fine-scale morphological structures and main muscle bundles associated with the genital complex and prec

Impact of benzophenone-2 exposure on the reproductive outcomes in adult female mice.

Benzophenone-2 (BP2) is considered a potential endocrine disruptor, but due to limited data availability, its specific impact on reproductive function is not fully understood. The current study investigated the in vivo toxic effect of BP2 in female mice at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight, which aimed to evaluate whether it can show an impact on reproductive estrous cycle, ovarian weight, biochemical parameters, histoarchitecture, and ovarian follicle count when administered daily for 7 and 21 days in female mice. This study tested the hypothesis that BP2 disrupts pregnancy parameters in mic

Role of science fiction in conceptualising the reproductive future: a linguistic and literary perspective.

In this paper, we explore how members of the public invoke science fiction tropes and references in response to the topic of complete ectogenesis (where the entire development of a fetus takes place outside of the human body in an artificial womb environment) and, to a lesser extent, genome editing. This paper addresses a critical research gap as fiction is central to how the public make sense of new technologies. This research is timely, as human clinical trials of artificial placenta and womb technology are expected to start within the next few years. We argue that gauging public opinion on

Biochemical impact of ALAEm supplementation in late gestation on the reproductive performance of sows.

Adding plant extracts to diets to enhance sow performance and health is widely regarded as a healthy and sustainable practice. In promoting antibiotic-free farming, plant extracts have emerged as a leading solution for enhancing sow fertility through nutritional strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical impacts of supplementation of sows with ALAEm (composed of nine plant extracts) on blood and placental indices of sows in late gestation. The components of ALAEm were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. 196 normal gestation parturient sows were randomly allocated into two group

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human testis across the reproductive lifespan.

Testicular aging is associated with declining reproductive health, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here we generate a dataset of 214,369 single-cell transcriptomes from testicular cells of 35 individuals aged 21-69, offering a resource for studying testicular aging and physiology. Machine learning analysis reveals a stronger aging response in somatic cells compared to germ cells. Two waves of aging-related changes are identified: the first in peritubular cells of donors in their 30s, marked by increased basement membrane thickness, indicating a priming state for aging. In their 50s,

Post-Reproductive Lifespan in Honey Bee Workers with Varying Life Expectancies.

This study specifically examines the post-reproductive lifespan and ovarian activation in honeybee workers (Apis mellifera) with differing l … reted as a form of menopause, which represents a strategic shift in energy investment from personal reproduction toward contributing to the colony as older individuals age.

State of the art and application of gamete and reproductive tissue banking in wildlife conservation.

In this Anthropocene era, we are witnessing a rapid loss of biodiversity. To date, nearly 25% of the approximately 6,000 vertebrate species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature are threatened with extinction. While the preservation of natural habitats remains crucial, the management of wildlife populations under human care has also played a critical role in the recovery of several threatened and endangered species. Because ex situ wildlife populations are often small and geographically isolated, careful and strategic genetic management is of utmost importance. The abi

Various aspects of cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm in assisted reproductive technology.

In cases of severe oligospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia, few spermatozoa with appropriate motility and viability are detected in epididymal and testicular samples. Sperm cryopreservation is performed to avoid multiple testis biopsies and to maintain samples. Consequently, various sperm retrieval methods are employed together with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Common cryopreservation techniques are not ideal if there are few spermatozoa because sperm may be lost during the freezing and thawing procedures. Single sperm cryopreservation was first developed in 1997 and has since evolve

Alteration of Serum Gal-3 Levels in Endometrium-Related Reproductive Disorders.

Endometriosis, a benign, chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, affects 15% of women of reproductive age. Galectins, a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, regulate inflammation and autoimmunity and are widely expressed in reproductive tissues. This study aimed to assess Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels in the serum of patients with endometriosis compared to asymptomatic controls and investigate serum Gal-3 level changes over a one-year follow-up period of patients with endometriosis. To determine the levels of solub

Tea polyphenols: Effects on growth, immune function, and reproductive performance of roosters.

Tea polyphenols (TPs), bioactive secondary metabolites from Camellia sinensis, demonstrate significant potential for enhancing poultry reproductive efficiency. This 43-week study systematically evaluated graded TPs supplementation (0-500 mg/kg Food Weight) in Tianfu G02 Blue-shell roosters (n = 540) through growth monitoring, histopathological analysis (Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, H&E), and molecular profiling (ELISA, qPCR). The data were analyzed using a sampling T-test or ANOVA and Tukey's Test. Optimal growth performance was achieved at 100-400 mg/kg TP doses, improved daily feed intake

Environmental and occupational risks to reproductive health in women service members and veterans.

Women have played a vital role in the U.S. military for decades, with their presence steadily increasing. However, despite this growth, research on the unique occupational and environmental exposures they face remains limited, highlighting the need for greater understanding to improve reproductive health outcomes. Chemical exposures such as burn pit emissions, airborne particulates, heavy metals, and pesticides can disrupt hormone regulation and pose risks for fertility, miscarriage, preterm birth, and congenital anomalies. Additional risks include unsafe water sources, contaminated soil, incr

Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Reproductive Adversity in a Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease.

Environmental enrichment is the provision of different substrates to mimic an animal's natural environment and encourage natural, species-specific behavior. However, the use of enrichment to improve breeding efficiency in mouse models for neurologic conditions is not well described. There are reports that diminished environmental stimuli and chronic isolation can result in the early expression of the Parkinson phenotype in mice with a genetic predisposition to the disease. In this study, we compared the provision of crinkle paper, DietGel, and their combination on reproductive parameters in B6

Reconstructing the female reproductive system using 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering.

Three-dimensional bioprinting enables the precise fabrication of complex biological tissues through the layer-by-layer deposition of living cells and biomaterials, offering a promising strategy for reconstructing the female reproductive system. This technology has facilitated the development of in vitro models for tissues such as the endometrium, ovary, cervix, and vagina, providing improved structural fidelity and functional relevance. By leveraging bioinks, including decellularized extracellular matrix and advanced bioprinting techniques, researchers can recreate the intricate microarchitect