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Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications.

BackgroundToday, treating cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), by targeting immune checkpoints, is one of the most outstanding immunotherapeutic methods. Immune checkpoints are special molecules having regulatory role in immune system responses. Once these molecules are presented on cancer cells, these cells will be capable of evading the immune system through their own specific pathways. This Evasion can be prevented by counterbalancing immune system responses with immune checkpoints related antibodies.AimsThe current study aimed to highlight immunotherapy and its methods, descr

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… Furthermore, environmental exposures, dietary habits, medications, and lifestyle choices, which all play important roles as “exposomes,” have been shown to influence systemic immune function [ 199 ]. … Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) in Immunotherapy Molecular, genetic, metabolic, proteomic, and clinical data are combined with exposome elements, forming the discipline of MPE [ 202 ]. …

From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease.

The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environment

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… Individuals’ risk of fracture or developing a bone disorder is based on their genome and is influenced by their exposome. Our understanding of how the genome and exposome interact could fundamentally alter how we approach the etiology of different bone related ailments. …

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies three novel loci for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women.

STUDY QUESTION: Can additional genetic variants for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels be identified through a genome-wide asso … ch Senior Investigator (NF-0616-10102). A.L.G.S. was supported by the study of Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic non-communicable diseases (H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD, project ID 874739). The Doetinchem Cohort Study was financially supported by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports of the Netherlands. The …

Rapidly Progressive Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Atypical Metastatic Pattern-A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Background and Clinical Significance: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy with increasing incidence among elderly, immunocompromised patients or individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Case Presentation: We present the case of an 84-year-old Caucasian male with no history of immunosuppression, who was admitted for asthenia, dysphagia, weight loss, and generalized weakness. Clinical and imaging investigations revealed a violaceous tumor on the right arm and disseminated metastases affecting the liver, spleen, bones and lymph nodes. A liver

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… Influence of the exposome on skin cancer. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:460–470. doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.04.011. 15. Neuberger J., Patel J., Caldwell H., Davies S., Hebditch V., Hollywood C., Hubscher S., Karkhanis S., Lester W., Roslund N., et al. …

Increased Risk of Renal Malignancy in Patients with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

BackgroundEvidence for an association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and cancer is still insufficient. In particular, the association between the risk of renal malignancy and the severity of AD has not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of renal malignancy and determine the association between AD severity and cancer risk using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) database.MethodsWe performed a population-based cohort study using the National Health Claims database from the NHIS in Korea.ResultsWe found a statistically significant association

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… The exposome in atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2020;75:63–74. doi: 10.1111/all.13946. 5. Naghavi M., Abajobir A.A., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Aboyans V., Adetokunboh O., Afshin A., Agrawal A., et al. …

Towards an adiposity-related disease framework for the diagnosis and management of obesities.

Obesity is a complex disease that relapses frequently and associates with multiple complications that comprise a worldwide health priority because of its rising prevalence and association with numerous complications, including metabolic disorders, mechanic pathologies, and cancer, among others. Noteworthy, excess adiposity is accompanied by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and subsequent organ dysfunction. This dysfunctional adipose tissue is initially stored in the visceral depot, overflowing subsequently to produce lipotoxicity in ectopic depots like liver, heart,

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… In the decades to come, it is expected that a broader range of elements that better reflect the complexity of obesity (i.e. genotype, adipotype, microbiome, and exposome) may be evaluated [ 17 , 83 ]. …

Advances in Understanding Mitochondrial MicroRNAs (mitomiRs) on the Pathogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor outcome and the most challenging breast cancer type to treat worldwide. TNBC manifests distinct profile of mitochondrial functions, which dictates reprogrammed metabolism, fosters tumor progression, and notably serves as therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) are a group of microRNAs that critically modulate mitochondrial homeostasis. By a pathway-centric manner, mitomiRs tightly orchestrate metabolic reprogramming, redox status, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenanc

Использование микробиомных средств для совершенствования методов лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний: данные о воздействии вдоль оси микробиота-гут-мозгов.

Недавно в качестве полезной модели для понимания возникновения и развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний (НДД) появилась ось микробиота-гут-мозгов (МГБА). Меры воздействия на основе микробиома с использованием биотических добавок (пробиотики, предбиотики, синдиотики, постбиотики) могут модифицировать MGBA и служить подходящими решениями для снижения риска неврологических изменений, связанных с НИЗ, и регулирования симптомов. В настоящем описательном обзоре содержится резюме функционирования МГБС и его взаимодействия с заболеваниями, связанными с началом и развитием НИЗ. Проводится обзор мероп

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… Accumulation of risk factors through aging and cumulative lifetime exposure to a variety of environmental factors (the ALS exposome ( 158 )) would trigger the physiological changes that ultimately lead to ALS symptoms. …

Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development.

Artificial intelligence-integrated drug discovery and development has accelerated the growth of the pharmaceutical sector, leading to a revolutionary change in the pharma industry. Here, we discuss areas of integration, tools, and techniques utilized in enforcing AI, ongoing challenges, and ways to overcome them.

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… AI can assist in selecting only a specific diseased population for recruitment in Phase II and III of clinical trials by using patient-specific genome–exposome profile analysis, which can help in early prediction of the available drug targets in the patients selected 19 , 101 . …

Болезни Увечье с возрастом в экспериментальной модели множественного склероза: роль иммунозенсии.

Начавшийся множественный склероз (MS) у пожилых людей соотносится с более высоким риском развития первичных прогрессивных MS, ускорения перехода к вторичным прогрессивным MS и увеличения накопления инвалидности. Это явление может быть связано с возрастными изменениями в иммунной системе: с возрастом иммунная система проходит процесс, называемый иммунной сенсацией, который характеризуется снижением функции как врожденной, так и адаптивной иммунной реакции. Такое снижение может привести к снижению способности контролировать воспаление и восстанавливать поврежденные ткани. Кроме того, пожилые люд

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… independent of inflammatory stress, instead it has to do with the capacity to recover the immune function to optimal or pre‐exposure levels (Ahuja et al.  2023 ); although we are missing these triggers when using the animal model, since mice are in a controlled environment and thus have a low‐grade (or nil) exposome …

Nanogel-Based Precision Bone Regeneration: Rational Design, Biological Barrier Penetration, and Osteoporotic Microenvironment Remodeling.

The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is primarily associated with impaired communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to disrupted bone homeostasis. Conventional biomaterials mainly rely on macroscopic structural support and are limited in their ability to precisely regulate the complex bone microenvironment and overcome biological barriers. As representative soft matter nanoplatforms, nanogels possess unique viscoelastic mechanical properties and adaptive biointerfacial properties, offering new opportunities to overcome physical barriers within bone tissues. Moving beyond previous

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… The hormetic adaptative capacity and resilience to oxidative stress is strengthened by exposome enrichment with air cold atmospheric plasma: a metabolome targeted follow-up approach. Biomedicines . 2025;13(4):949. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13040949 91. …

What Is Precision Psychotherapy?

Precision medicine impacts virtually all medical specializations, including psychiatry. Although precision psychiatry, in general, is a flourishing area of research and debate, psychotherapy as one pillar of psychiatry receives little attention. Theoretical discussions about precision psychotherapy are rare; research on precision in psychotherapy is just evolving. In this paper, we provide a conceptualization of precision psychotherapy providing a common idea of what should be understood as precision in the context of psychotherapy and what kind of psychotherapy research is considered to contr

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… This narrow emphasis on biological factors is shared by proponents who envision precision psychiatry concentrating on “Multi-omics, neuroimaging, big data and high-density data approaches, exposome and molecular epidemiology and physiology [that] should converge towards specific biomarkers” ( Köhne and …

Linking Air Pollution and Hematologic Malignancies: From Epidemiology to Molecular Mechanisms.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Outdoor air pollution (OAP) is a major global environmental health threat associated with respiratory disease and solid tumors, with growing evidence linking it to hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and epidemiologic evidence connecting OAP exposure to acute and chronic leukemias, lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), and multiple myeloma (MM). RECENT FINDINGS: Pollutants implicated in hematologic carcinogenesis include particulate matter (PM), benzene, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂

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… Residential address is often used as a proxy for exposure, but ambient pollutant concentrations at the place of residence may not accurately reflect the entire exposome, which is also shaped by time spent at work, commuting patterns, indoor air quality, and other daily activities. …

Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative illness in the world is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It results in mental symptoms including behavioral abnormalities and cognitive impairment, which have a substantial financial and psychological impact on the relatives of the patients. The review discusses various pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AD, including amyloid beta, tau protein, inflammation, and other factors, while emphasizing the need for effective disease-modifying therapeutics that alter disease progression rather than merely alleviating symptoms. This review mainly covers m

Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite signatures that have close proximity to subject's phenotypic informative dimension, are useful for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as monitoring treatments. The lack of early biomarkers could lead to poor diagnosis and serious outcomes. Therefore, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring methods with high specificity and selectivity are desperately needed. Small molecule metabolites-based metabolomics has b

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technology Driven Modern Drug Discovery and Development.

The discovery and advances of medicines may be considered as the ultimate relevant translational science effort that adds to human invulnerability and happiness. But advancing a fresh medication is a quite convoluted, costly, and protracted operation, normally costing USD ~2.6 billion and consuming a mean time span of 12 years. Methods to cut back expenditure and hasten new drug discovery have prompted an arduous and compelling brainstorming exercise in the pharmaceutical industry. The engagement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including the deep-learning (DL) component in particular, has bee

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… AI may help in choosing only a selective diseased populace for Phase II and III clinical trial enrollment by utilizing patient-pertinent genome-exposome feature scrutiny, which could facilitate advanced augury of the existing drug targets in the subjects chosen [ 59 , 233 ]. …

10th Trends in Medical Mycology Held on 8 to 11 October 2021, Aberdeen, Scotland, Organized by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM).

Plenary Sessions: [...].

From laboratory to clinic: opportunities and challenges of functional food active ingredients in cancer therapy.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of functional food active ingredients in cancer prevention and therapy. It outlines the multifaceted anticancer mechanisms of bioactive compounds-such as polyphenols, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, flavonols, and amide-bearing compounds-which include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, interference with cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, and regulation of

Роль микробиотики в гематологических заболеваниях: описательный обзор механизмов и терапевтического потенциала.

Микробиота человека, в частности кишечный микробиом, играет центральную роль в поддержании иммунного гомеостаза, регулировании гематопоисиса и модуляции хост-метаболизма с помощью биоактивных метаболитов, таких, как короткоцепные жирные кислоты (СКФА), желчные кислоты и соединения триптофана. Разрушение этой микробной экосистемы (дисбиоз) стало одним из ключевых факторов развития и развития гематологических магнатов (ГМ), включая острые и хронические лейкемии, лимфомы и множественные миеломы. В настоящем обзоре описательной части обобщаются последние данные (см.2022-2025) о сложных двухнаправл

Резюме докладов 53rd Конференция Европейского общества генетики человека: интерактивные электронные постеры.

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