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Massive rhabdomyolysis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by leptospirosis.

We report a case of leptospiral infection in a 63-year-old man who acquired the infection while swimming in canals and streams in Hawaii. The patient's course was atypical in that he was anicteric and had no evidence of meningitis when he presented with fever, rapidly progressive and severe rhabdomyolysis, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, and respiratory distress syndrome. Although he recovered after a protracted illness, he required major life support, including mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis. Initial antimicrobial therapy was designed to cover major bacterial and atypical path…

Lifestyle factors and chronic diseases: application of a composite risk index.

BACKGROUND: Assessing a combination of modifiable lifestyle practices may be a practical tool to modify patients' health behavior in counseling. Therefore, we developed a chronic disease risk index (CDRI) and investigated its relation with chronic disease in a multiethnic cohort. METHODS: A total of 15,693 men and 16,007 women in Hawaii who reported their diet and other lifestyle behaviors between 1975 and 1980 were followed until 1994. A semi-quantitative composite CDRI with scores ranging from 1 to 10 included the rankings for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, fat intake, and fruit and…

Laboratory maintenance, breeding, rearing, and biomedical research potential of the Yucatan octopus (Octopus maya).

Eggs of the Yucatan octopus, Octopus maya, were collected at Campeche, Mexico, transported to Hawaii, and incubated in glass funnels. Benthic juveniles hatched from the large (17-mm) eggs and were reared on a variety of live and frozen foods. As many as 200 animals were reared for the first month in a 20-liter aquarium. No disease or parasite problems were encountered and nearly all well-fed juveniles survived to sexual maturity. The species was reared through four generations in the laboratory. Animals weighed 0.1 g at hatching and within 8.5 months attained an average weight of 3231 g. Matin…

The Japanese American wartime incarceration: Examining the scope of racial trauma.

Ten weeks after the 1941 Japanese military attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the U.S. government authorized the removal of more than 110,000 Japanese American men, women, and children from their homes in Western portions of the country to incarceration camps in desolate areas of the United States. The mass incarceration was portrayed as necessary to protect the country from potential acts of espionage or sabotage that might be committed by someone of Japanese ancestry. However, an extensive government review initiated in 1980 found no evidence of military necessity to support the removal decisio…

Patterns of Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Prevalence in HIV and Syphilis Diagnoses Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2016: A Novel Data Visualization.

OBJECTIVES: To describe disparities in HIV infection and syphilis among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in US state … hilis diagnoses were higher for Black than for White MSM in 42 of 44 states (state RR range = 0.89 [Hawaii] to 17.11 [Alaska]). Scatterplots of HIV diagnosis rates by race showed heterogeneity in epidemic scenarios, even in states with similar ratio-based disparity measures. CONCLUSIONS: There is a widely disparate impact of HIV and syphilis among Black …

Successful Resuscitation: Novel Partnership between Paramedics and U.S. Coast Guard.

In this article, we present a notable case that illustrates a novel partnership between a United States Coast Guard small boat station and a civilian paramedic response unit. Patients who experience medical emergencies in remote environments are at particularly high risk for morbidity and mortality. For the most serious conditions, delayed contact with Advanced Life Support (ALS) has grave results. Typically, these circumstances involve small groups of individuals and cannot be easily predicted. The waters off the coasts of Maui, Hawaii, however, host millions of residents and visitors annuall…

Естественная колонизация и адаптация видов комаров в Галапагосе и ее последствия для угрозы заболевания эндемической дикой природы.

Появляющиеся инфекционные заболевания дикой природы были признаны в качестве одной из основных угроз глобальному биоразнообразию. Эндемические виды на изолированных океанических островах, таких, как Галапагос, подвергаются особому риску перед лицом врожденных патогенов и переносчиков болезней. Черный солевый комар (Aedes Taeniorhynchus) является единственным комаром, широко распространенным по всему архипелагу Галапагоса. Здесь мы показываем, что этот комар, естественно, колонизировал Галапагос до приезда человека, и с тех пор он стал представлять собой отдельную эволюционную единицу и адаптир

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have been recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity. Endemic species on isolated oceanic … to much of the North and South American mainland and could soon reach the Galápagos Islands. Unlike Hawaii, there are likely to be no highland refugia free from invading mosquito-borne diseases in Galápagos, suggesting bleak outcomes to possible future pathogen introduction events.

Ultraviolet radiation revisited.

PURPOSE AND METHODS: It is likely that we currently receive a greater lifetime exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than earlier generations due to increased UVR reaching the earth's surface, our longer life expectancy, and increased activities in UV intense environments. This elevated UVR exposure is likely to lead to a higher incidence of acute and chronic ocular and skin radiation trauma. We reviewed the evidence in the current literature supporting these assertions as well as reports of preventive strategies for blocking UVR. RESULTS: Hawaii is the most UV-intense location on earth as …

Health status and life style in elderly Japanese men with a long life expectancy.

The Japanese population in Hawaii has one of the longest life expectancies of any large population subgroup in the U.S. and the world. Cross-sectional data on 1,379 elderly, noninstitutionalized, male Japanese American survivors of a population-based cohort study indicated the most common health problems were hypertension (43%), arthritis (33%), diabetes (13%), and gout (9%). For cancer and hypertension there is a trend toward higher prevalence in older age groups. For coronary heart disease, stroke, and angina the oldest age group (75-81 years) has a higher prevalence than that seen in younge…

History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums. II. The Decline and Resurgence of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1945-2019.

Flea-borne typhus, due to Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, and diverse organ manifestations tha … phus persists in the United States, primarily in South and Central Texas, the Los Angeles area, and Hawaii. In the former two areas, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and cats have replaced rats as the primary reservoirs, with the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) now as the most important vector. In Hawaii, 73% of cases occur in Maui County because it h …

Risk and Resilience Trajectories from Adverse Childhood Experience Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly contribute to health disparities among minoritized populations. However, the characterization and impact of ACEs and the resilience of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV remains under-examined. This study aimed to examine how the clustering profiles of ACEs and social support networks may affect psychosocial outcomes to elucidate ACEs resilience in relation to social support network among MSM living with HIV. Data (2019-2023) were obtained from a prospective cohort of MSM living with HIV from Hawaii and Philadelphia, USA (N = 261)…

No Association of Trichomonas vaginalis Seropositivity with Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.

The potential involvement of a sexually transmitted agent has been suggested to contribute to the high number of prostate cancers in the United States and worldwide. We investigated the relationship of Trichomonas vaginalis seropositivity with prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California using blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnoses. Incident cases of advanced prostate cancer (intermediate- to high-grade based on Gleason score ≥ 7 and/or disease spread outside the prostate) were matched to controls by age, ethnicity, and t…

A predictive model for perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy using linked maternal and neonatal hospital data.

PURPOSE: To build an evidence-based model to estimate case-specific risk of perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of all births in Hawaii, Michigan, and New Jersey between 2010 and 2015, using linked maternal labor/delivery and neonatal birth records. Stepwise logistic regression and competitive Akaike information criterion were used to identify the most parsimonious model. Predictive ability of the model was measured with bootstrapped optimism-adjusted area under the ROC curve. RESULTS: Among 836,216 births there were 376 (0.45 per 1000) …

Monitoring of Poyang lake water for sewage contamination using human enteric viruses as an indicator.

BACKGROUND: Recreational water contaminated with fecal pollution poses a great public health concern, as fecal waste may cause serious water … in this study using molecular detection methods and sensitive RT-PC developed in the University of Hawaii. Water samples were also tested for FIB in order to determine their association with enteric virus detection. RESULTS: All sample sites tested positive for four enteric viruses. Human enterovirus (58%) and adenovirus (67%) were more frequently dete …

A multistate population-based analysis of linked maternal and neonatal discharge records to identify risk factors for neonatal brachial plexus injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interaction and contribution of maternal and fetal risk factors associated with neonatal brachial plexus injury (BPI). METHODS: In a case-control study, matched maternal and neonatal discharge records were accessed from US State Inpatient Databases for New Jersey (2010-2012), Michigan (2010-2011), and Hawaii (2010-2011). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and BPI. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to build predictive models, including two stratified models evaluating …

Maternal language and adverse birth outcomes in a statewide analysis.

Limited English proficiency is associated with disparities across diverse health outcomes. However, evidence regarding adverse birth outcomes across languages is limited, particularly among U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander populations. The study goal was to consider the relationship of maternal language to birth outcomes using statewide hospitalization data. Detailed discharge data from Hawaii childbirth hospitalizations from 2012 (n = 11,419) were compared by maternal language (English language or not) for adverse outcomes using descriptive and multivariable log-binomial regression models, con…

Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis--and the value of recognition.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) cellulitis. METHODS: A review of risk factors for CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infection in previously published literature was first performed. A retrospective cohort study was then conducted in a teaching ambulatory-care clinic of a tertiary medical center in Honolulu, Hawaii. RESULTS: Of 137 cases with cellulitis diagnosed from January 2005 to December 2007, MRSA was recovered from 85 (62%) of patients who presented with either abscesses or skin ulcers. The recovery of M…

Urologic complications of placenta percreta invading the urinary bladder: a case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Placenta percreta invading the urinary bladder may cause hemorrhagic shock, hematuria and urologic complications at parturition. This retrospective survey of 54 patients reviews maternal characteristics, presentations, urologic complications, and management. METHODS: The first reported case of placenta percreta with urinary bladder invasion in Hawaii is presented. Medline search and literature review identified an additional 53 patients. A meta-analysis of all 54 cases was performed. RESULTS: Hematuria was present initially in 31% (17/54) patients. Of these, 9 of 17 required tr…

Incidence of Norwalk-like viruses, rotavirus and adenovirus infection in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), rotavirus and adenovirus are reportedly responsible from 4 to 42% of non-bacterial acute sporadic gastroenterit … ing specific prototype probes for NLVs indicated that the prototypes were 42% Taunton agent and 58% Hawaii/Snow Mountain agent. Comparative data on patients showed that the incidence of rotavirus infections was two times greater than the NLVs infections, and that adenovirus infections were the least prevalent. All of the control samples tested were negat …

Prediction of major depression and dysthymia from CES-D scores among ethnic minority adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The Native Hawaiian Mental Health Research Development Program is an epidemiological longitudinal study of adolescents residing in Hawaii. This article examines the utility of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) for predicting DSM-III-R diagnoses of major depression (MD) and dysthymic disorder (DD) and investigates whether prediction differs by gender and ethnicity. METHOD: Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children interviews were conducted with 556 adolescents randomly selected from among more than 7,000 students who had completed the CES-D. RESULTS: Si…