Результаты поиска

Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in a peritoneal effusion from an HIV-seropositive man. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode parasite in humans with free-living and autoinfective cycles, is often an asymptomatic inf … toneal cavity with peritoneal effusion. CASE: A 49-year-old man who came to the United States from Liberia 4 years earlier presented with sudden onset of severe abdominal distention, generalized weakness and marked pedal edema. Diagnostic paracentesis showed numerous filariform larvae of S stercoralis. Stool examination confirmed the presence of both rha …

Mast cells in onchocercomas from patients with hyperreactive onchocerciasis (sowda).

In onchocerciasis, variations of the host's immune responsiveness produce a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from the common generalized to the rare hyperreactive form (sowda). For further characterization of the immune response, the localization and frequency of mast cells in onchocercomas from untreated and ivermectin-treated patients with hyperreactive onchocerciasis from Liberia and the Yemen were analysed and compared to the generalized form by immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for human mast cell tryptase and chymase, histamine and IgE. The nodules were selected wi…

[African histoplasmosis in a patient with HIV-2 infection].

9 months after immigration into Switzerland, a 38-year-old male patient from Liberia/West Africa developed granulomatous and subsequently ulcerative nodules in the face. The heterosexual patient, with no history of i.v. drug abuse, tested positive for HIV-2. Histology of a skin biopsy revealed superficial colonization by numerous fungal elements described as spores and hyphae that were compatible with the initial isolation of Candida parapsilosis. The definite diagnosis of African histoplasmosis was established 3 weeks later after review of the PAS-stained direct smear and after cultures had g…

Onchocerca volvulus: a comparative study of in vitro neutrophil killing of microfilariae and humoral responses in infected and endemic normals.

In vitro neutrophil-mediated microfilarial killing, humoral responses to crude adult worm antigens (OVAg) and to four recombinant Onchocerca antigens (GST-OV7, GST-OV103, GST-OV3.6, and MBP-OV16), as well as Western blot analysis to stage-specific Onchocerca proteins were studied in individuals from Bassa County, Liberia, infected with onchocerciasis and in endemic normals, defined as individuals without microfilaridermia. Both groups exhibited high levels of specific serum-dependent killing of microfilariae but could not be differentiated on the basis of these results. However, infected indiv…

Inadequate Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria Among Travelers Returning from Africa During the Ebola Epidemic--United States, 2014-2015.

Among 1,683 persons in the United States who developed malaria following international travel during 2012, more than half acquired disease in one of 16 countries in West Africa. Since March 2014, West Africa has experienced the world's largest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola), primarily affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia; in 2014, approximately 20,000 Ebola cases were reported. Both Ebola and malaria are often characterized by fever and malaise and can be clinically indistinguishable, especially early in the course of disease. Immediate laboratory testing is critical for diagno…

Predicting and Evaluating the Epidemic Trend of Ebola Virus Disease in the 2014-2015 Outbreak and the Effects of Intervention Measures.

We constructed dynamic Ebola virus disease (EVD) transmission models to predict epidemic trends and evaluate intervention measure efficacy f … timated to be 42% (31-50%), 45% (42-48%), and 51% (44-56%) among susceptible individuals in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, respectively. In the absence of control measures, there would be rapid mortality in these three countries, and an EVD epidemic would be likely recur in 2035, and then again 8~9 years later. Oscillation intervals would shorten and o …

Стохастичность и пределы доверия при оценке R0 Эболы и других возникающих инфекционных заболеваний.

Динамические модели, зачастую детерминистские по своему характеру, использовались для оценки базового числа случаев вспышки эпидемии вируса Эбола (ЭВД) в Западной Африке (R0) в 2014 - 5 годах. Оценки R0 затем использовались для прогнозирования вероятности крупных масштабов вспышек, например, более сотен тысяч случаев. Тем не менее подходящие детерминистские модели могут привести к чрезмерной уверенности в надежности установленных R0 и, в свою очередь, в типе и сфере охвата необходимых мер вмешательства. В этой рукописи мы предлагаем гибридный стохастически-детерминистский метод для оценки R0 и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Dynamic models - often deterministic in nature - were used to estimate the basic reproductive number, R0, of the 2014-5 Ebola virus disease … mission, recovery and death events. By applying our method to reported EVD case counts from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, we show that prior estimates of R0 based on deterministic fits appear to be more confident than analysis of stochastic trajectories suggests should be possible. Moving forward, we recommend including process noise among other sourc …

"Ebola kills generations": Qualitative discussions with Liberian healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this study was to explore healthcare providers' perceptions and reactions to the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic. DESIGN: a descriptive, qualitative study design was employed. Focus groups were conducted with Liberian healthcare providers who participated in care of patients with EVD. SETTING: the study was conducted in Bong County, Liberia (population: 333,000), which was severely affected, with over 650 reported cases and close to 200 deaths by the end of 2015. PARTICIPANTS: the total sample of 58 participants, included 11 nurses, ten traditional birth attenda…

Epidemiological profile of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria, July-September 2014.

INTRODUCTION: In July 2014, Nigeria experienced an outbreak of Ebola virus disease following the introduction of the disease by an ill Liberian Traveler. The Government of Nigeria with the support of Technical and Development Partners responded quickly and effectively to contain the outbreak. The epidemiological profile of the outbreak that majorly affected two States in the country in terms of person, place and time characteristics of the cases identified is hereby described. METHODS: Using field investigation technique, all confirmed and probable cases were identified, line-listed and analy…

Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. II. Studies with human sera collected in West African countries other than Ghana.

Human sera were collected in Senegal, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Liberia, Gabon and Togo during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) from 1965 to 1969, and tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody to enterovirus type 70 (EV70). Of these, 1109 (91%) were antibody negative (less than equal to 1:4), 116 (9%) neutralized at a dilution of 1:8 or over, and 45 (4%) at dilutions of at least 1:16. The distribution pattern is not significantly different from that of sera collected from Kenya in 1967 or from army recruits in the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Col…

Case report of Plasmodium ovale curtisi malaria in Sri Lanka: relevance for the maintenance of elimination status.

BACKGROUND: Following its recent certification as malaria-free, imported infections now pose the greatest threat for maintaining this status … primaquine. He also provided a history of travel to malaria endemic regions, including residing in Liberia from May 2012 to November 2013, throughout which he was on weekly malaria prophylaxis with mefloquine. He had also visited India on an eight-day Buddhist pilgrimage tour in September 2014 without malaria prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial that …

Health issues in newly arrived African refugees attending general practice clinics in Melbourne.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most common health issues diagnosed by general practitioners in newly arrived African refugees. DESIGN: Descript … noses. RESULTS: Data were collected from 258 patient files. Most patients were from Sudan (57%) or Liberia (17%). Half were aged under 15 years. The most common health problems identified were inadequate vaccinations, nutritional deficiencies (vitamin D and iron), infectious diseases (gastrointestinal infections, schistosomiasis, and latent tuberculosis) …

Infections with the hepatitis B virus associated delta agent in an isolated West-African community.

The occurrence of delta agent (delta) infection in the native population of the isolated Gbawein and Wroughbarh Clan region of Grand Bassa County, Liberia was studied. Sera of 97 patients with epilepsy, 73 non-epileptic relatives, and 31 non-epileptic control subjects were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody to delta antigen (anti-delta). Of the 201 individuals tested 76 (37.8%) were HBsAg positive; the overall infection rate (HBsAg and anti-HBs positives) was 68.7%. No correlation with clinical disease could be establ…

High crossreactivity of human T cell responses between Lassa virus lineages.

Lassa virus infects hundreds of thousands of people each year across rural West Africa, resulting in a high number of cases of Lassa fever ( … e candidates use only lineage IV antigens encoded by Lassa viruses circulating around Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea but not Nigeria where lineages I-III are found. As previous infection is known to protect against disease from subsequent exposure, we sought to determine whether LF survivors from Nigeria and Sierra Leone harbor memory T cells that resp …

Reporting of False Data During Ebola Virus Disease Active Monitoring-New York City, January 1, 2015-December 29, 2015.

The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) began to actively monitor people potentially exposed to Ebola virus on Oct … hey had experienced, and 2 (0.5%) did not report a hospital or emergency room visit. Having visited Liberia (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4-7.9), Sierra Leone (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6-7.5), or multiple EVD-affected countries (OR: 12.9, 95% CI: 3.5-47.7); being aged <50 years (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: 1.7-33.1); and rating the importance of active monitoring as low (OR: 1.4, 9 …

The List Experiment for Measuring Abortion: What We Know and What We Need.

Measuring abortion incidence and prevalence is often difficult because of under-reporting and other biases, complicated research designs, and other issues. Recently, family planning researchers have introduced a new method called the list experiment, adopted from political science and economics, to measure abortion. Three completed studies and at least four studies currently underway use this method to measure abortion in several countries. We discuss the lessons learned from completed studies, when the list experiment may and may not be appropriate, and open questions regarding the use of the

Management of a pet dog after exposure to a human patient with Ebola virus disease.

In October 2014, a health-care worker who had been part of the treatment team for the first laboratory-confirmed case of Ebola virus disease imported to the United States developed symptoms of Ebola virus disease. A presumptive positive reverse transcription PCR assay result for Ebola virus RNA in a blood sample from the worker was confirmed by the CDC, making this the first documented occurrence of domestic transmission of Ebola virus in the United States. The Texas Department of State Health Services commissioner issued a control order requiring disinfection and decontamination of the health