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Whole metagenome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses reveal the complex microbiome responsible for the success of enhanced in-situ reductive dechlorination (ERD) of a tetrachloroethene-contaminated Superfund site.

The North Railroad Avenue Plume (NRAP) Superfund site in New Mexico, USA exemplifies successful chlorinated solvent bioremediation. NRAP was the result of leakage from a dry-cleaning that operated for 37 years. The presence of tetrachloroethene biodegradation byproducts, organohalide respiring genera (OHRG), and reductive dehalogenase (rdh) genes detected in groundwater samples indicated that enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) was the remedy of choice. This was achieved through biostimulation by mixing emulsified vegetable oil into the contaminated aquifer. This report combines metagenomi

Pathways Linking Oral Bacteria, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, and Health.

Nitrate-reducing oral bacteria have gained a lot of interest due to their involvement in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and its important cardiometabolic outcomes. Consortia of nitrate-metabolizing oral bacteria associated with cardiometabolic health and cognitive function have been recently identified. Longitudinal studies and clinical trials have shown that chronic mouthwash use is associated with increased blood pressure and increased risk for prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension. Concurrently, recent studies are beginning to shed some light on the complexity of nitrate reduction pathways of

Molecular characterization of a dechlorinating community resulting from in situ biostimulation in a trichloroethene-contaminated deep, fractured basalt aquifer and comparison to a derivative laboratory culture.

Sodium lactate additions to a trichloroethene (TCE) residual source area in deep, fractured basalt at a U.S. Department of Energy site have resulted in the enrichment of the indigenous microbial community, the complete dechlorination of nearly all aqueous-phase TCE to ethene, and the continued depletion of the residual source since 1999. The bacterial and archaeal consortia in groundwater obtained from the residual source were assessed by using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. A clone library of bacterial amplicons was predominated by those from members of the class Clostridia (57 of 93 clones),

Enhanced PCE dechlorination by biobarrier systems under different redox conditions.

The industrial solvent tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is among the most ubiquitous chlorinated compounds found in groundwater contamination. The … ults show that biodegradable materials were released from sludge cake/cane molasses and utilized by microbial consortia. Based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests, approximately 28 and 248 mg of biodegradable COD can be released from 1g of sludge cake and 1g of cane molasses under anaerobic conditions, which have the potential to convert 70 and 620 mg of PCE to …

Laboratory column studies for evaluating a barrier system for providing oxygen and substrate for TCE biodegradation.

The industrial solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) is among the most ubiquitous chlorinated compounds found in groundwater contamination. The ob … utive soil columns. Aerobic acclimated sludges were inoculated in all three soil columns to provide microbial consortia for TCE biodegradation. Simulated TCE-contaminated groundwater with a flow rate of 0.25 l/day was pumped into this system. Effluent samples from each column were analyzed for TCE and other indicating parameters (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen). Results …

The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: An acute study in C57BL/6J mice.

Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it has been found that some probiotic bacteria possess cholesterol-lowering capabilities. In this study, the ability of the Lab4 probiotic consortium to hydrolyse bile salts, assimilate cholesterol and regulate cholesterol transport by polarised Caco-2 enterocytes was demonstrated. Furthermore, in wild-type C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet, 2-weeks supplementation with Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 resulted in significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol levels and suppression of d

Bioprocessing of mixed oil palm by-products with single and consortium white-rot fungi: Effects on nutritional quality, in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbial populations.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oil palm by-products are abundant lignocellulosic resources with considerable potential as sustainable ruminant feed but are constrained by poor digestibility and limited rumen fermentability. White-rot fungi (WRF) produce ligninolytic enzymes capable of modifying lignocellulosic biomass, whereas fungal consortia may enhance substrate bioconversion through complementary enzymatic activities. This study evaluated the effects of single and consortium WRF on the nutritional quality, in vitro rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane (CH4) production, and rumen microbial popul

Comparisons Between Bacterial Communities in Mucosa in Patients With Gastric Antrum Ulcer and a Duodenal Ulcer.

Objective: To identify and compare the bacterial community profile of mucosal tissues from a gastric antrum ulcer and a duodenal ulcer in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive dyspeptic patients. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the mucosal tissues obtained from 18 patients diagnosed with gastric antrum or duodenal ulcers. A library was constructed using 16S rRNA gene amplification, and Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyse the amplified products. Bioinformatics methods, including operational taxonomic units (OTUs), hierarchical clustering, and a diversity analysis, were perf

Density interactions among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx of young Peruvian children.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly carried in the nasopharynx of young children, and have been speculated to interact with each other. Although earlier studies used cultures alone to assess these interactions, the addition of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) provides further insight into these interactions. We compared results of culture and qPCR for the detection of these 3 bacteria in 446 nasopharynx samples collected from 360 healthy young children in a prospective cohort study in the Peruvian Andes. Patterns of con

Characterization of sulfate-reducing granular sludge in the SANI(®) process.

Hong Kong practices seawater toilet flushing covering 80% of the population. A sulfur cycle-based biological nitrogen removal process, the Sulfate reduction, Autotrophic denitrification and Nitrification Integrated (SANI(®)) process, had been developed to close the loop between the hybrid water supply and saline sewage treatment. To enhance this novel process, granulation of a Sulfate-Reducing Up-flow Sludge Bed (SRUSB) reactor has recently been conducted for organic removal and provision of electron donors (sulfide) for subsequent autotrophic denitrification, with a view to minimizing footpri

Characterization of microbial community structure and population dynamics of tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating tidal mudflat communities.

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are common groundwater contaminants that also impact tidal flats, especially near urban and industrial areas. However, very little is known about dechlorinating microbial communities in tidal flats. Titanium pyrosequencing, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, and dechlorinator-targeted quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) characterized reductive dechlorinating activities and populations in tidal flat sediments collected from South Korea's central west coast near Kangwha. In microcosms established with surface sediments, PCE dechlorination to TCE began

Engineered Nanotechnology: An Effective Therapeutic Platform for the Chronic Cutaneous Wound.

The healing of chronic wound infections, especially cutaneous wounds, involves a complex cascade of events demanding mutual interaction between immunity and other natural host processes. Wound infections are caused by the consortia of microbial species that keep on proliferating and produce various types of virulence factors that cause the development of chronic infections. The mono- or polymicrobial nature of surface wound infections is best characterized by its ability to form biofilm that renders antimicrobial resistance to commonly administered drugs due to poor biofilm matrix permeability

Comammox Nitrospira-driven sustainable mainstream nitrification.

Complete ammonium oxidation (Comammox) is recognized as a promising alternative to canonical two-step nitrification, owing to its inherent merits of decreased aeration demand and limited nitrous oxide (N2O) generation. However, its sustainable advantages and disturbance resilience await full validation within complex microbial communities. Herein, we evaluated the nitrification performance and stability of activated sludge reactors hosting comammox Nitrospira at a typical relative abundance (2%-8%). The comammox oxygen kinetics were quantified (Ks=0.05 mg O2/L) for the first time in mixed comm

Hybrid genome assembly and phenotypic assays reveal carbohydrate metabolism diversity in Lacticaseibacillus strains.

Investigation of carbohydrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria is essential for the rational selection of strains for fermentation processes, particularly in emerging applications involving non-conventional substrates or building of synthetic microbial consortia. However, establishing robust genotype-phenotype relationships remains challenging, as gene presence alone often fails to explain observed metabolic traits without considering the genomic context and regulatory architecture. In the present study, we combined hybrid genome assembly (Illumina and Oxford Nanopore) with high-throughput p…

Redox-mediated Zn electrode for hydrogen supplementation to enhance microbial electrolysis reduces toxicity and improved nitrate removal.

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) offer a promising approach for nitrate-contaminated sewage wastewater treatment oxidative stress-induced damage to electroactive biofilms, and inadequate hydrogen availability for complete denitrification. This study presents a novel redox-mediated Zn electrode designed to Zn²⁺/Zn⁰ redox couple selectively scavenges highly reactive oxidative species, including hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), thereby mitigating oxidative stress and protecting electroactive microorganisms and redox-active enzymes. The Zn-redox electrode demonstrated remarkab

Emerging roles of PGPR in fruit production systems: from growth promotion to system-level regulation, a review.

With the growing importance of sustainable fruit production and the increasing demand for reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have attracted considerable attention as promising biological resources in orchard systems. However, current research is mainly constrained by an overreliance on single-trait interpretations of PGPR function, which cannot fully explain their performance under the complex, heterogeneous, and long-term conditions of perennial fruit production. This review provides a systematic overview of the emerging roles

Breaking the barrier: disruption of bacterial biofilms using microwave radiation.

Biofilms are microbial consortia encased in the extracellular matrix that pose severe threats in healthcare and environmental settings due to their resistance to antimicrobials and their role in persistent infections. These structured communities colonize medical devices (e.g., catheters, implants) and contribute to nosocomial infections. Critically, biofilm-laden medical waste acts as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant pathogens and facilitates horizontal gene transfer, perpetuating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Improper disposal risks environmental contamination, enabling pathogens to inf…

Survival of Vinyl Chloride Respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi under Long-Term Electron Donor Limitation.

In anoxic groundwater aquifers, the long-term survival of Dehalococcoides mccartyi populations expressing the gene vcrA (or bvcA) encoding reductive vinyl chloride dehalogenases are important to achieve complete dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to nonchlorinated ethene. The absence or inactivity of vcrA-containing Dehalococcoides results in the accumulation of the harmful chlorinated intermediates dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Although vcrA-containing Dehalococcoides subpopulations depend on synergistic interaction with other organohalide-resp

The Gut Microbiota in Hematologic Malignancies: Mechanisms, Clinical Associations, and Translational Opportunities.

Hematologic malignancies arise and progress within a systemic ecosystem in which the gut microbiota is an increasingly recognized, partially modifiable component. Across acute leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, plasma cell disorders, lymphomas, and clonal myeloid neoplasms, human studies consistently report reduced microbial diversity, depletion of barrier-supportive, short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals, and enrichment of Gram-negative, pro-inflammatory, or hospital-adapted taxa. These alterations are associated with pre-leukemic clonal expansion, adverse genetic and immunologica

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… More intensive manipulations—such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and standardized microbial consortia—have shown activity in steroid-refractory intestinal GVHD and decolonization of multidrug-resistant organisms after allo-HSCT, but FMT carries non-trivial risks, including transmission of …

Food-Derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum GR-3 Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved the cancer treatment, its application remains constrained by heterogeneous response rates and immune-related adverse events. While gut microbiome modulation represents a promising avenue to optimize ICB, rationally selected probiotics with defined mechanistic actions are critically lacking. Here, we selected Lactobacillus fermentum GR-3 (L. fermentum GR-3), a food-derived strain pre-screened for exceptional gastrointestinal resilience (maintaining > 107 CFU/mL), antioxidant activity (87.4% DPPH-Scavenging efficiency), and immunomodulatory potential