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Antidepressant-dependent mRNA changes in mouse associated with hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of depression.

RATIONALE: Monoaminergic imbalances play a role in the pathogenesis of depression and most common antidepressant drugs act on monoamine neur … dies. Finally, the top-ranking pathways from Ingenuity provide further evidence for the hippocampal neurogenesis hypothesis of major depressive disorders.

Synaptic plasticity, but not hippocampal neurogenesis, mediated the counteractive effect of wolfberry on depression in rats(1).

Depression is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder characterized with a long-term hypercortisolemia in depressed patients. Based on this … l differentiation but not the proliferation in 50 mg/kg CORT stressed rats. After ablation of adult neurogenesis with Ara-c infusion, the beneficial effect of LBP treatment in reducing immobility time was not affected in 40 and 50 mg/kg CORT stressed rats. Golgi staining and Western blotting detection showed that LBP treatment restored the reduced spine densit …

Methadone does not alter key parameters of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the heroin-naïve rat.

Methadone is a synthetic opiate that is useful in a variety of clinical settings, including in maintenance therapy of heroin dependence and as an analgesic. However, methadone can have negative effects on cognition in humans and in rodents. The mechanisms underlying methadone-induced disruption in cognition are unknown. One possibility is that methadone disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a form of hippocampal plasticity involved in cognition that is disrupted by other opiates, like morphine. The goal of this study was to determine if methadone alters key parameters of hippocampal neuroge…

S100B and APP promote a gliocentric shift and impaired neurogenesis in Down syndrome neural progenitors.

Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder associated with mental retardation (MR) and early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). These CNS phenotypes are attributed to ongoing neuronal degeneration due to constitutive overexpression of chromosome 21 (HSA21) genes. We have previously shown that HSA21 associated S100B contributes to oxidative stress and apoptosis in DS human neural progenitors (HNPs). Here we show that DS HNPs isolated from fetal frontal cortex demonstrate not only disturbances in redox states within the mitochondria and increased levels of progenitor cell death but also transit

The effect of mild post-stroke exercise on reactive neurogenesis and recovery of somatosensation in aged rats.

Exercise impacts the cellular response and behavioral recovery following stroke, but has not been widely investigated in aged animals. We tested the hypothesis that gentle post-stroke exercise could enhance recovery of somatosensory function and influence survival and phenotype of newly generated cells in the peri-infarct region after focal cortical ischemia in aged rats. Focal stroke was induced in the forelimb area of the sensorimotor cortex in 18-month old male rats using the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1. Beginning 1 week after stroke or sham surgery, half of the animals walked 100-300 m da

Temporal variation of induction neurogenesis in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: The adult brain is capable of neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia. We investigated the presence of new neural precursors after transient middle cerebral artery ischemia adult rats. METHODS: Transient middle cerebral artery ischemia was induced in adult Wistar rats (n=13) using the monofilament method. In the experimental group (n=8), animals were harvested at days 3, 7, 10, 17 and 21 after ischemia. Five animals served as controls. Sagittal sections through the ischemic cortex were double-stained for neural (nestin and beta-tubulin, nestin and PCNA), glial (nestin and GFAP) and ol…

Increasing stereotypy in adult zebra finch song correlates with a declining rate of adult neurogenesis.

Adult neurogenesis is often correlated with learning new tasks, suggesting that a function of incorporating new neurons is to permit new memory formation. However, in the zebra finch, neurons are added to the song motor pathway throughout life, long after the initial song motor pattern is acquired by about 3 months of age. To explore this paradox, we examined the relationship between adult song structure and neuron addition using sensitive measures of song acoustic structure. We report that between 4 and 15 months of age there was an increase in the stereotypy of fine-grained spectral and temp…

Neurogenesis in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease: effects of environmental enrichment.

Previous work has demonstrated that the transgenic R6/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease has decreased proliferation of neural precursor … ments in the number of BrdU+ cells in the subventricular zone. These results suggest that decreased neurogenesis might be responsible, in part, for the hippocampal deficits observed in these mice and that environmental enrichment produces morphological changes in newborn granule neurons in both wild-type and R6/1 mice, which could underlie some of the benefici …

Expression and interactions of the two closely related homeobox genes Phox2a and Phox2b during neurogenesis.

Recent evidence suggests that specific families of homeodomain transcription factors control the generation and survival of distinct neuronal types. We had previously characterized the homeobox gene Phox2a, which is expressed in differentiating neurons of the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system as well as in motor nuclei of the hindbrain. Targeted deletion of the Phox2a gene affects part of the structures in which it is expressed: the locus coeruleus, visceral sensory and parasympathetic ganglia and, as we show here, the nuclei of the IIIrd and IVth cranial nerves. We now report on

Comparison of neurogenesis and cell replacement in the hamster olfactory system with and without a target (olfactory bulb).

The olfactory sensory neurons are unique in the vertebrate nervous system in that they are replaced following experimentally induced degeneration. Unilateral removal of the olfactory bulb in hamster results in degeneration of all mature receptor neurons followed by a neurogenesis and partial replacement of the receptor cell population. To determine if full recovery requires the presence of normal target tissue, a study of sensory neuron replacement was made following a nerve transection procedure, which leaves the olfactory bulb (target) intact. A comparison of quantitative measurements of cel…

Humanised Environmental Enrichment: Spatial Effects of Cities and Buildings on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Humans.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis persists throughout the human lifespan, yet declines in Alzheimer's disease and major depression, associated in part with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. For rodents, environmental enrichment, dichotomised primarily as physical activity and spatial complexity, robustly promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but no framework has translated these findings to human environments. This review is the first to synthesise evidence across the full translational pathway, arguing that spatial complexity and physically active navigation in neighbou…

Role of De Novo Lipogenesis in Neurodegeneration and Neurogenesis Disruption in Alzheimer's Disease and Treatment Perspective.

Progressive neurodegeneration, decline in neurogenesis, and cognitive dysfunction alongside amyloid-β plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation are prominent pathological features of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, evidence suggests that surplus intracellular lipids/fatty acids could be the primary mediators. In this regard, increased levels of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs), Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs), their triglyceride and ceramide derivatives have been reported in the brain of patients with AD. Further, converging evidence from basic an…

Repeated competition influences neural response, but not neurogenesis or physiology, in the fighting fish Betta splendens.

Territorial competition has costs such as wounds received, energy spent, and elevated chronic stress. How does Betta splendens, a species th … exposed Betta splendens to one, two, or three weeks of competition and quantified cortisol levels, neurogenesis, and neural response in brain regions associated with social processing. We again found that Betta splendens showed consistently elevated gill flaring and again found no impacts on stress (measured via waterborne cortisol). Competition-exposed fish …

Comprehensive review on adult neurogenesis through immunological studies in the brain regions of vertebrate classes.

Adult neurogenesis is the process in which new neurons are produced, mature, and integrated into the neural circuits of adult vertebrate brains- fish, amphibians, reptiles, aves, and mammals. All vertebrate groups exhibit a great capacity for neurogenesis, which is dependent upon the number of neurogenic zones in the brain. The fish brain is known to have the highest neurogenic rate because they acquire the maximum number of neurogenic zones, such as the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, optic tectum, and medulla oblongata. The amphibian brain is…

Laminar organization of the anterior olfactory nucleus-the interplay between neurogenesis timing and neuroblast migration.

INTRODUCTION: The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) is a laminar structure embedded within the olfactory peduncle which serves as the conduit … d injections of thymidine analogs in pregnant mice from E10 to E18 to determine the timeline of AON neurogenesis and used immunohistochemistry to study neuronal phenotypes both at adult and embryonic stages. To better understand migration and differentiation of the AON neurons, we labeled AON precursors using in utero electroporations with the piggyBac transpo …

Neurogenesis in the trunk and brain of the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus: insights beyond holometabolan models.

Current research on insect neurogenesis is focused on Holometabola, which undergo a derived developmental mode that includes metamorphosis, leading to a partial representation of the range of neurogenesis patterns in the embryonic insect nervous system. In this paper, we investigate neurogenesis in the hemimetabolous insect Oncopeltus fasciatus, focusing on both the trunk and brain regions. Our findings reveal early neuroblast formation in the brain, followed by a second phase in the whole embryo. Notably, we did not find gene expression patterns consistent with pro-neural clusters in Oncopelt…

NCBP2-AS2 is a mitochondrial microprotein, regulates energy metabolism and neurogenesis, and is downregulated in Alzheimer's disease.

Microproteins, short functional peptides encoded by small genes, are emerging as critical regulators of cellular processes, yet their roles in mitochondrial function and neurodegeneration remain underexplored. In this study, we identify NCBP2-AS2 as an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial microprotein with significant roles in energy metabolism and neurogenesis. Using a combination of cellular and molecular approaches, including CRISPR/Cas9 knockout models, stoichiometric co- immunoprecipitation, and advanced imaging techniques, we demonstrate that NCBP2-AS2 localizes to the inner mitochondr…

FMRP regulation of STAT3-MYC signaling is critical for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability, results from a loss of fragile X mental retardation pro … otein translation, and loss of FMRP results in elevated Stat3 mRNA and protein, leading to aberrant neurogenesis and impaired dendritic maturation in adult NSCs and developing neurons. Activation of Stat3 in adult mouse hippocampal NSCs impairs cognitive flexibility. We show that STAT3 phosphorylation specifically binds to MYC, which is essential for adult hip …

Cystathionine γ-lyase is a major regulator of cognitive function through neurotrophin signaling and neurogenesis.

Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for neuronal cysteine and hydrogen sulfide production, is dysregulated in aging and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, both marked by cognitive decline in addition to motor deficits. To determine whether CSE loss directly causes cognitive decline, we genetically ablated CSE in mice. This loss was sufficient to induce oxidative damage, compromise blood-brain barrier integrity, impair neurogenesis and neurotrophin signaling, and elicit cognitive deficits. Global proteomic analysis further revealed…

Нейронные стволовые клетки во взрослом нейрогенезе и их терапевтическое применение в нейродегенеративных расстройствах: краткий обзор.

Идея использования стволовой клеточной терапии для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний за последние годы претерпела значительные изменения и в последнее время достигла значительного прогресса. Нейрофины, факторы роста и транскрипции регулируют распространение и дифференциацию нейронных стволовых клеток. Разрушение этих механизмов регулирования, включая отрицательную обратную связь, может способствовать возникновению нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Современные исследования подчеркивают растущую глобальную озабоченность в связи с различными нейродегенеративными расстройствами, затрагивающим

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The idea of ​​using stem cell therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases has undergone significant change over the years and has made signi … urodegenerative diseases and central nervous system injuries. This paper, therefore, explores adult neurogenesis and the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells within the dynamic field of neurodegenerative disorders.