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Distinguishing Relapse from Reinfection in Recurrent Tuberculosis: A Genomic and Epidemiologic Study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis recurrence represents a substantial proportion of incident tuberculosis in many settings. Distinguishing between its mechanisms can inform public health interventions for prevention. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of individuals with multiple culture-confirmed TB episodes and paired isolates collected between 2012 and 2023 in Dourados and Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Patients were classified as having recurrent TB after treatment completion or retreatment following non-curative outcomes. Whole-genome sequencing was used to assess pairwise gen…

Characterization of pulmonary tuberculosis in high-altitude region using nanopore targeted sequencing.

BACKGROUND: Xizang (formerly known as Tibet in English) has one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in China. The region's extr … d to investigate the effects of altitude on Mycobacterium tuberculosis biology. RESULT: In Xizang, retreatment cases accounted for the majority of TB patients (58.23%). Type I TB was the most common form (79.75%), while non-type I forms were observed only in retreatment patients (P < 0.01). Bacterial load decreased significantly with increasing age (P < 0.00 …

P-ART Score is a New Modification to Improve ART Score Predictive Accuracy for Patients with HCC Undergoing TACE.

BACKGROUND: Predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC is challenging. AIM: To evaluate the Assessment for Retreatment with TACE (ART) score in predicting survival after TACE retreatment and the value of adding post-TACE thrombocytopenia in improving its accuracy (P-ART). METHODS: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages A and B patients underwent TACE retreatment, and records were reviewed. Radiologic tumor response (RTR) after the first TACE was considered a partial response, while the absence of response is a stable or progressive disease. The one year overall survival (OS) from the…

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Responses to Anti-VEGF Therapy: Four-Group Stratification Based on Drusen and Punctate Hyperfluorescence.

Background/Objectives: Different disease subtypes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) influence treatment burden, yet exi … hickness, number of injections, no-retinal fluid rate during the loading dose regimen, and 12-month retreatment rate following treatment initiation were determined. The primary outcome was 12-month retreatment rate for the four groups, which was determined using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Exploratory metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used …

Schneiderian membrane thickness variation following endodontic procedures: a retrospective cone beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: To assess the change of the Schneider membrane thickness measured by CBCT before and after root canal treatment, retreatment and pulp capping procedures. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT scans of a patient population of Guy's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London. Three groups of patients were studied: Group 1 consisted of patients referred for primary endodontic treatment; Group 2 for endodontic retreatment; Group 3 for indirect pulp capping procedures (serving as a control group). Follow up scans were carried out 1 year after treatment. Measurements were c…

Заболеваемость туберкулезом, устойчивым к лекарственным препаратам, в Зимбабве: перекрестное обследование медицинских учреждений.

ЦЕЛЬ: Определить распространенность сопротивляемости только рифамицину; рифампицину и изониазиду, а также лекарственные средства для борьбы с туберкулезом второй линии среди пациентов Зимбабве, страдающих от мазковой мазки. DESIGN: Межсекторальное обследование медицинских учреждений. Результаты: В общей сложности было зарегистрировано 1114 (87,6%) новых и 158 (12,4%) пациентов, проходящих реабилитацию туберкулеза. МТБ был подтвержден Xpert MTB/RIF из 1184 (93%) образцов слюны с положительным мазком. Было 64 образца с резистентностью к рифамину, определенной Xpert MTB/RIF. Однако двое из них бы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of resistance to rifampicin alone; rifampicin and isoniazid, and second-line anti-TB drugs among sputum smear-positive tuberculosis patients in Zimbabwe. DESIGN: A health facility-based cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: In total, 1114 (87.6%) new and 158 (12.4%) retreatment TB patients were enrolled. MTB was confirmed …

Sofosbuvir-based salvage therapy for HCV infection in cirrhotic patients with DAA failure and multidrug resistance.

Despite very high efficacies of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) reported in clinical trials, treatment failure in real-life practice can occur in 5-10% of cases and is mostly associated with emergence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). Little is known about the efficacy of retreatment in these patients, especially in those with decompensated cirrhosis, and only a few retreatment studies have been performed so far. Here we present case reports of successful sofosbuvir-based treatment in patients with advanced class B cirrhosis with prior pegylated interferon/ribavirin and all-oral D…

Treatment trials for post-Lyme disease symptoms revisited.

The authors of 4 National Institutes of Health-sponsored antibiotic treatment trials of patients with persistent unexplained symptoms despite previous antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease determined that retreatment provides little if any benefit and carries significant risk. Two groups recently provided an independent reassessment of these trials and concluded that prolonged courses of antibiotics are likely to be helpful. We have carefully considered the points raised by these groups, along with our own critical review of the treatment trials. On the basis of this analysis, the conclusion th…

Endodontic Reapproach in a Tooth With External Resorption: Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Endodontists face various challenges, and some factors are associated with endodontic treatment failure, such as the presence of resistant microorganisms resulting from inefficient disinfection and nonadhesive coronary sealing. The quality of the execution of the operative protocols, cautious irrigation, and the presence of a hermetic seal from the crown to the apex lead to successful endodontic retreatment. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study approached a female patient, aged 30 years. The data obtained from the literature were collected from PubMed, SciELO, and Goo…

Treatment landscape and disease burden of patients with multiple myeloma in Japan: a real-world survey.

AIM: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Safe and effective tre … ctive treatment in a real-world setting in Japan between September 2022 and May 2023. Treatment and retreatment patterns and data from several validated patient reported outcome tools were analyzed. Formal sample size calculations were not applicable. RESULTS: Fifty-one physicians provided data for 309 patients, of whom 52 completed a quality-of-life survey …

The dark side of fixed retainers: Case series.

This article focuses on on the presentation and management 9 adult patients who experienced complications because of their maxillary or mand … d wire bonded to mandibular canines only and fiber-reinforced composite fixed retainer. Orthodontic retreatment was necessary in all patients using fixed appliances or clear aligners. Radiographic findings from cone-beam computed tomography or orthopantomogram before and after retreatment are presented when available. Despite the improvement of teeth position …

Treatment gains from the "sandwich method" of abiraterone acetate for men with metastatic prostate cancer: a case report and sharing of our experience.

To date, how to select an appropriate strategy to treat advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients with tumor progression after abiraterone ace … atient with metastatic PCa who early received AA as the initial regimen could gain benefit from the retreatment of AA: minor progression and gain long-time survival. This "sandwich method" with AA administered initially, withdrawal, and sequentially following Bicalutamide, Docetaxel, RP, and retreatment of AA may prolong the response time of AA retreatment an …

Comparison of electrohydraulic and electromagnetic extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptors for upper urinary tract stones in a single center.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for upper urinary tract stones with an electrohydraulic (EH) and an electromagnetic (EM) lithotriptor in a single center. METHODS: The medical records of 272 patients with upper urinary tract stones ≤ 2 cm in size who underwent SWL with either the Medispec E3000 EH lithotriptor (179 cases) or the Medispec EM1000 EM lithotriptor (93 cases) were reviewed. The demographic data, stone parameters, stone-free rates, and retreatment rates were analyzed. RESULTS: The EH group had a higher stone-free rate (53.6 vs. 30.1%, p…

Оценка последствий децентрализации лабораторной диагностики туберкулеза, устойчивого к лекарственным препаратам, в Кении.

СИТТИНГ: В Кении рекомендуется провести анализ на наличие лекарственной зависимости (ДНТ) в целях выявления туберкулеза (МДР-ТБ) у лиц, зарегистрированных на предмет повторного лечения туберкулеза (ТБ). ДСТ осуществляется в центральной лаборатории с двухэтапным процессом роста и региональной лабораторией с одновременным молекулярным процессом и процессом роста. ЦЕЛЬ: Сопоставление процентной доли случаев повторного лечения, прошедших ДНТ, и сроков прохождения лечения в больницах, относящихся к центральной и региональной лабораториям. DESIGN: За период с 1 января 2012 года по 31 декабря 2013 го

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
SETTING: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) is recommended in Kenya to identify multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in persons registered for tuberculosis (TB) retreatment. DST is performed at a central laboratory with a two-step growth-based process and a regional laboratory with a simultaneous molecular- and growth-based process. OBJECTIVE: To compar…

Treatment continuation with cladribine at 5 years after initiation in people with multiple sclerosis: A case series and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Cladribine is an oral disease-modifying drug approved for the treatment of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The … perienced adults with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The management of patients and requirement for retreatment with cladribine beyond year 4 is unclear. METHODS: We describe the treatment history and outcomes of three people with MS retreated with cladribine, given as a third course 5 years after treatment initiation. We also include a review of evidence on …

Widespread collapse of the Ross Ice Shelf during the late Holocene.

The stability of modern ice shelves is threatened by atmospheric and oceanic warming. The geologic record of formerly glaciated continental shelves provides a window into the past of how ice shelves responded to a warming climate. Fields of deep (-560 m), linear iceberg furrows on the outer, western Ross Sea continental shelf record an early post-Last Glacial Maximum episode of ice-shelf collapse that was followed by continuous retreat of the grounding line for ∼200 km. Runaway grounding line conditions culminated once the ice became pinned on shallow banks in the western Ross Sea. This early

Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Plus Ribavirin Combination Therapy for Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a, 2a, or 3b after Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Therapy Failed.

Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) is a pan-genotype anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with high efficacy and safety. However, evidence supporting retreatment following failure of the GLE/PIB regimen is limited. We herein report 3 non-cirrhotic cases involving two men aged 51 and 58 years old and a woman aged 68 years old infected with HCV genotype 1a, 2a, and 3b respectively who failed anti-HCV therapies including GLE/PIB therapy. With combination therapy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir plus ribavirin (SOF/VEL+RBV) for 24 weeks, all 3 patients had achieved a sustained viral response (SVR) at 24 …

[Periapical surgery with histologic examination of the periapical lesion. A case report].

Periapical surgery is required when periradicular pathosis associated with endodontically treated teeth cannot be resolved by nonsurgical root canal therapy (retreatment), or when retreatment was unsuccessful, not feasible or contraindicated. Endodontic failures can occur when irritants remain within the confines of the root canal, or when an extraradicular infection cannot be eradicated by orthograde root canal treatment. Foreign-body reponses towards filling materials, towards cholesterol crystals or radicular cysts might prevent complete periapical healing. Following enhanced microsurgical …

Treatment of a pseudo-class III relationship in the primary dentition: a case history.

In conclusion, posterior and anterior crossbites of the primary dentition should be corrected, once recognized, to allow for normal dental base development and subsequent favorable skeletal growth, provided the analysis of the case reveals no gross boney discrepancies. To quiet any archaic ideas of delaying posterior crossbite correction until the eruption of the permanent first molars, a pilot is being undertaken to determine whether there is a statistical difference in the need for retreatment of patients, when the permanent first molars erupt with the use of either the Porter, Quadhelix, or…

Continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant human endostatin using infusion pump plus chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of primary lung cancer. However, efficacy and safety of the current regimens for NSCLC is unsatisfactory. Therefore, there has been an increasing urgency for development of potential therapeutic therapies for NSCLC. AIM: To investigate the therapeutic outcomes and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant human endostatin (Rh-endostain) using an infusion pump in retreated advanced