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Endothelial fenestration of the alveolar capillaries in interstitial fibrotic lung diseases.

A light and electron microscopy study was performed on endothelial cells of alveolar capillaries in biopsied lung tissues obtained from 28 p … ial fibrosis along the alveolar walls. In such fibrotic lung tissues, cuboidal metaplastic cells of bronchiolar origin proliferated on the luminal side. The mechanism of endothelial fenestration in the alveolar capillaries is assumed to be comparable with cuboidal metaplasia of alveolar epithelial cells. The alveolar capillary endothelium is recruited fro …

[Evaluation of tissue eosinophils in eosinophilic pneumonia].

Transbronchial biopsy specimens from ten patients with eosinophilic pneumonia were analysed to see whether the tissue contained activated eosinophils or secreted eosinophil cationic protein. The specimens showed many infiltrated tissue eosinophils in the intraalveolar spaces, and thickened alveolar septae and perivascular areas. Most of these eosinophils stained clearly with degranulation by immunohistochemical studies with monoclonal antibody EG2 (for the secreted form of eosinophil cationic protein), indicating that they were activated eosinophils. On the other hand, although pleural tissue …

[Esophago-thoracic fistula after pneumonectomy and long-term main bronchus stump fistula].

A woman patient admitted for treatment, who had reached the age of 65 years, had a previous history of an open pulmonary tuberculosis in 1946 that had been treated at that time by means of collapsotherapy and phrenico-exeresis. Pleuropneumonectomy was performed in 1976 because of a residual cavity of a thoracic empyema. Since 1978 the patient suffered from a fistula of the bronchus treated by postural therapy without achieving a cure. In 1989 a fistula formed between oesophagus and pneumonectomy cavity. Clinically this was associated with an increasing reduction of performance and a suddenly i

Relationships of bronchial responsiveness assessed by methacholine to serum IgE, lung function, symptoms, and diagnoses in 11-year-old New Zealand children.

The relationship of bronchial responsiveness (BR), assessed by methacholine challenge, to serum IgE, baseline ventilatory function, and symptoms or diagnoses suggesting an atopic disorder were examined in 522 11-year-old New Zealand children. BR was assessed by the presence or absence of a PC20 25 mg/ml or less and by calculating a continuous index of the decline of the FEV1 during the methacholine test. The latter facilitated multivariate analyses and revealed significant relationships to predictor variables even in those considered "nonresponsive" by PC20 criteria. There was a close relation…

Severe localised pulmonary interstitial emphysema--decompression by selective bronchial intubation.

We report three infants (26-28 weeks gestational age) in whom selective bronchial intubation was associated with successful decompression of severe localised pulmonary interstitial emphysema, uniquely in two cases this involved intubation of the left main bronchus. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema did not recur despite maintenance of selective intubation for only 48 hours or less in all three cases.

[Bacteriological examination of bronchial aspirates obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy].

We present the bacteriological findings in 329 aspirates from fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Quantitative cultures were not performed. 92 of the patients had radiologically confirmed pneumonia, 58 possibly had infectious bronchitis or pneumonia which was not verified radiologically, 154 had other pulmonary diseases and 25 had no verified pulmonary disease. 13% of aspirates contained no bacterial isolates and 33% revealed growth of multiple bacteria, classified as "normal pharyngeal flora". Among the 54% with specified bacterial findings the most frequent bacteria were viridans streptococci, staphylo…

Emergency repair of main stem bronchus disruption complicated by anastomotic stenosis: two cases of successful repair by resection and reanastomosis.

The case reports of two patients who developed complete bronchial stenosis after emergency repair of a left stem bronchus disruption are reported. Resection of the stenotic bronchus and reanastomosis restored a normal lung function in both patients. Arguments for a conservative approach, perioperative investigations, and technical data are discussed.

Bronchial provocation determined by breath sounds compared with lung function.

Bronchial provocation testing with methacholine was undertaken in 15 children aged 5 to 8 years with obstructive lung disease, mostly asthma (13/15). The methacholine was inhaled during two minutes of tidal breathing in increasing concentrations. After each inhalation, lung function was measured and clinical signs recorded independently by two observers unaware of each other's results. The logarithm of the concentration of methacholine which caused wheezing over the trachea correlated closely with the logarithm of the concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in the forced expiratory vo…

[Bronchial tuberculosis in bronchoscopic material].

A retrospective analysis of 14,461 patients examined at the Bronchological Unit in the years 1978-1988 was carried out in order to assess the incidence of bronchial tuberculosis confirmed histopathologically. 46 cases met the selection criteria (19 females, age range 21-75 years, mean 56.2 +/- 18.8. years, 27 males, age range 21-85 yrs, mean 50.0 +/- 17.4 yrs). Only in 22 patients acid fast bacilli were cultured. Analysis of endoscopical changes was carried out according to the Jaroszewicz-Krakówka classification. Most often diffuse inflammatory changes were seen.

Ligating the ductus arteriosus before birth remodels the pulmonary vasculature of the lamb.

The clinical syndrome of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn includes a developmentally abnormal pulmonary microvasculature whi … the proportion of partially and fully muscularized pulmonary arteries at the level of the terminal bronchiole and within the acinus (p less than 0.0001). This finding demonstrates that medial muscle develops in areas of the distal pulmonary vascular bed where it is normally absent. Periadventitial fibrosis surrounding intraacinar pulmonary arteries was a …

Levomepromazine (Nozinan) reduces nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatics.

Ten patients with bronchial asthma were challenged with histamine before and after receiving saline and active drug (levomepromazine or antazoline) (a total of six challenges). The antihistaminic effect of levomepromazine (25 mg) was found to be comparable to that of antazoline (100 mg), evaluated from skin prick tests. Prechallenge forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was found to be larger after levomepromazine than after antazoline (p less than 0.05), indicating a direct bronchodilating effect. This increased threshold airway calibre may have influenced the results of challenge, bu…

Короткая трахея, опасная при трахеиальной интубации новорожденных и младенцев: синдромальные ассоциации.

Короткая трахея является результатом сокращения числа трахеальных хрящовых колец до 15 или менее при нормальном среднем количестве 17 колец у младенцев. В ходе обзора радиологовых и патологовых данных уровень грудного позвонка трахеи, наблюдаемый на переднем радиограммах грудной клетки младенцев с врожденными нарушениями развития, сердечно-сосудистыми аномалиями и скелетными дисплазиями, был сопоставлен с количеством трахеальных хрящных колец, которые были продемонстрированы в посмертных образцах. Более частые случаи короткой трахеи наблюдались у пациентов с аномалией DiGeorge (77%), скелетной

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Short trachea results from reduction in number of tracheal cartilage rings to 15 or fewer from normal mean of 17 rings in infants. In a revi … of tracheal bifurcation in patients with increased risk of short trachea can be helpful in avoiding bronchial intubation and its complications. Postintubation chest films to assure the level of the endotracheal tube tip should be considered for such patients. Growth in length of the trachea with age is accomplished both by increase in size of tracheal car …

Carotid body control of bronchial circulation in sheep.

The bronchial vascular response to chemoreceptor stimulation was studied in sheep anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, paralyzed with pancuronium, and artificially ventilated with room air. Blood flow through the common bronchial artery was measured with an electromagnetic flow-meter. Pressures were measured in the left atrium and aorta using appropriately placed catheters connected to pressure transducers. The carotid body was vascularly isolated and perfused at aortic pressure with blood of varied PO2 and PCO2. The viability of our preparation was assessed by the occurrence of a bradycardia i…

Lung function and bronchial responsiveness measured by forced oscillometry after bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Forced oscillometry was used to investigate whether lung injury due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in early life caused abnormalities in bronchial calibre or an increase in bronchial responsiveness to histamine at school age. Results were compared with data obtained from healthy children born prematurely and from healthy children born at term. There was a mild increase in frequency dependence of total respiratory resistance in children who suffered from lung injury in early life, which indicates uneven ventilation in peripheral airways. Bronchial responsiveness to histamine in these subjects wa…

A new intratracheal stent for tracheobronchial reconstruction: experimental and clinical studies.

An intraluminal tracheal stent (ITS) was used experimentally in rabbits and piglets, as well as clinically in infants with tracheal stenosis … a of tracheal mucosa. Stents used to treat three infants (2 to 5 months of age) with complex tracheobronchial stenosis were placed at the time of periosteal tracheoplasty in two. Recurrent stenosis necessitated a second tracheoplasty and stenting in one, and a long tracheostomy tube and balloon dilatations in the other. The third child had endoscopic sten …

CT manifestations of tracheobronchial involvement in relapsing polychondritis.

Two patients with relapsing polychondritis presented with tracheobronchial stenosis without clinical manifestation of nasal septum or ear lobe cartilage involvement. The CT findings included diffuse, smooth tracheobronchial wall thickening with narrowing and deformity of the lumen. Areas of dense calcium deposition within the thickened tracheal cartilage were seen. On follow-up after steroid medication, tracheobronchial wall thickening was decreased and the configuration of the tracheal lumen returned to normal.

One-lung high-frequency ventilation in the management of traumatic tear of bronchus in a child.

An 8-yr-old child suffered traumatic bilateral pneumothoraces and a ruptured right main bronchus. Surgical repair of the bronchus was postponed for 18 h after a definite diagnosis was established due to severe hypoxemia and hypercarbia. Only left endobronchial high-frequency ventilation with muscle relaxation corrected this pulmonary dysfunction sufficiently to enable surgical intervention.

Surgical treatment of bronchial adenomas: results of 29 cases and review of the literature.

The low-grade malignant potential of bronchial adenoma has been widely reported in the medical literature. During the past 12 years we have treated 29 patients with this disease, 18 (62%) of whom required conventional lobectomy or pneumonectomy, because most of our cases had come to our center after having inappropriate treatments in other centers and loosing time. In these cases we observed either a total obstruction of a bronchus or a destroyed parenchyma due to recurrent pulmonary infections. For this reason, the number of pulmonary resections is more important than conservative surgical pr…

Endobronchial tuberculosis. Serial fiberoptic bronchoscopy and natural history.

Endobronchial tuberculosis in the preantibiotic era was considered a complication of advanced post-primary disease. Bronchial mucosa adjacent to parenchymal cavities was bathed in infectious sputum, resulting in implantation. Effective antituberculosis drug therapy has reduced childhood exposure, resulting in an increase in adult primary tuberculosis with unusual clinical and roentgenographic presentations. We studied four adults with endobronchial tuberculosis who presented with unusual lobe involvement mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy illustrated the range of endobro…

The roles of pH and ionic species in sulfur dioxide- and sulfite-induced bronchoconstriction.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfites are well-described causes of bronchoconstriction in persons with asthma that are chemically related and, therefore, may share a common mechanism of action. When either sulfur species dissolves in aqueous solutions, a pH-dependent equilibrium is established predominantly among bisulfite ion (HSO3-), sulfite ion (SO3=), and SO2. In addition, hydrogen ions may be released. To assess the relative bronchoconstricting potencies of these chemical forms and the role of acidity caused by the release of hydrogen ions in SO2- and sulfite-induced bronchoconstriction, we a