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Combined exposure to three heavy metals and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the Korean population.

Toxicological and histological evidence suggests that heavy metals accumulate in the retina, implicating their potential role in the develop … ed that the heavy metal mixture increased the risk of AMD, with Pb being the primary contributor in smokers and Cd in non-smokers. Our findings indicate that co-exposure to heavy metals elevates AMD risk and that the predominant contributing metal may differ depending on smoking status.

Средиземное питание и риск множественных склерозов: перспективное когортное исследование.

Несмотря на то, что, согласно сообщениям, присоединение к средиземноморскому рациону питания обратно связано с риском нейродегенеративного заболевания, нет уверенности в том, что эта схема рациона питания также позволит снизить риск множественных склерозов (МС). Мы проанализировали данные, полученные от 41,428 - участники шведского Национального марша Корта. Поступление в рацион питания оценивалось на базовом уровне в 1997 с использованием вопросника о частотности пищевых продуктов. Счёт средиземноморского диета был проанализирован в цифровом выражении (диапазон: 0-9) и категорично (низкий, ср

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported to be inversely associated with risk of neurodegen … isk (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.99). When stratified by smoking, we found a 26% lower risk among non-smokers (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90), while no risk reduction was seen among smokers. In age-stratified analyses, inverse associations were observed in participants aged ⩽ 45 years (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.93), but not in those aged >45 years. CONCLUSI …

Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Genotypes With Lung Cancer Risk in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression is upregulated in various diseases, including lung cancer. However, the role o … ant association was observed between the MMP-9 rs3918242 TT genotype and lung cancer risk among non-smokers (OR=5.48, 95%CI=1.31-22.89, p=0.0181). CONCLUSION: The presence of the TT genotype for MMP-9 rs3918242 may indicate an elevated risk of lung cancer among non-smokers.

Ileal mucus viscoelastic properties differ in Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, frequently involving the termi … relation to study participants' clinical characteristics, revealing a noteworthy trend between non-smokers and smokers. In conclusion, this study provides the first data on the viscoelastic properties and structure of human ileal mucus in the healthy state and Crohn's disease, demonstrating significant alterations between groups and highlighting the need …

Second malignancy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after the advent of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with recurrent or advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tr … e outcome, revealed a non-significant trend towards a higher incidence of secondary malignancies in smokers compared to non-smokers. CONCLUSION: This study found that 8.9% of patients with advanced NSCLC who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy and survived ≥2 years developed secondary malignancies. This underscores the importance of early …

Adolescent Health and Parents' and Teachers' Beliefs about Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The acquisition of healthy lifestyle habits by adolescents is largely influenced by close interpersonal relationships including their parents and teachers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey regarding tobacco use was conducted among 304 parents and 41 teachers of secondary school adolescents (12-17 years of age) enrolled in the first, second, and third grades of compulsory secondary education at the largest high school in Sueca, Valencia, Spain. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was 36.2% among parents (occasional smokers 75.4%) and 19.5% among teachers (occasional smokers 62.5%)…

Trajectories of patient-reported outcomes after oesophageal cancer surgery - A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the trajectories of patient-reported outcomes for individuals who have undergone surgery for oes … e majority experienced consistent symptom burdens during the five-year post-surgery period. Current smokers had a higher risk of belonging to the severe dysphagia, severe eating restriction, and severe reflux trajectory. Physically active patients were less likely to belong to the severe dysphagia, severe eating restriction, and severe pain and discomfort …

Interpretation bias modification for hostility to facilitate smoking cessation in a sample with elevated trait anger: A randomized trial.

Problematic anger is linked with multiple adverse smoking outcomes, including cigarette dependence, heavy smoking, and cessation failure. A smoking cessation intervention that directly targets anger and its maintenance factors may increase rates of smoking cessation. We examined the efficacy of an interpretation bias modification for hostility (IBM-H) to facilitate smoking cessation in smokers with elevated trait anger. Participants were 100 daily smokers (mean age = 38, 62% female, 55% white) with elevated anger were randomly assigned to eight computerized sessions of either IBM-H or a health…

Building a healthy lifestyle: the role of emotional intelligence among Italian university students.

Given the numerous evidence demonstrating the influence of emotions in engaging risky behaviors, it seems inevitable to consider new approac … ol consumption, and skipping breakfast were investigated. Nearly a third of the sample were current smokers (30.9%). Problematic drinking was shown in 9.9% of the students. Almost one-fourth (23.1%) reported breakfast skipping ≥ 3 days a week. Emotional clarity and total EI scores were significantly lower in current smokers with moderate/high nicotine dep …

Clinical impact of vaping on cardiopulmonary function and lung cancer development: an update.

The word 'vaping' is used to define the usage of electronic cigarettes or other instruments to inhale a wide variety of heated and aerosoliz … and respiratory diseases, as well as on the psychological implication of e-cigarettes both on heavy smokers trying to quit smoking and on younger non-smokers approaching vaping devices because they are considered as a less dangerous alternative to tobacco cigarettes.

The environmental risk factors related to uterine leiomyoma: An umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor of the reproductive period and become a major health problem. The present … lass IV). Current oral contraceptive (OCP) use (RR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.73) (class IV), and former smokers (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) (class IV) were as the protective factors. CONCLUSION: The current alcohol intake, chronic psychological stress, and obesity were risk factors for the UL, but current OCP use and former smokers were the protective fact …

The Relationship of Latent Toxoplasmosis and Cigarette Smoking: Seroprevalence, Risk Factor, and Case-Control Study in Fars Province, Southern Iran.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease with worldwide prevalence. Despite the relatively similar effects of toxoplasmosis and smoking on alteration in neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, little is known about the relation of Toxoplasma gondii infection and addiction to cigarette smoking. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and smoking. Through a case-control study, 216 regular cigarette smokers and 324 nonsmoker age- and gender-matched subjects were evaluated for anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent …

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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the mortality attributable to current cigarette smoking among Tunisian individuals aged 30 years and over in 2016. METHODS: The number of deaths attributable to cigarette smoking was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF) method of calculation. Current cigarette smoking-related data and number of deaths by cause were obtained from a Tunisian national household survey conducted in 2016 (THES-2016) and the "Global Burden of Disease" study respectively. Relative risks for cause-specific mortality among current cigarette smokers compared to neve…

Assessing the Evidence on the Differential Impact of Menthol versus Non-menthol Cigarette Use on Smoking Dependence in the US Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Menthol's effect on cigarette smoking behaviors is an intensely scrutinized US public health issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the question: Does menthol cigarette use have a differential impact on smoking dependence compared with non-menthol cigarette use? Methods: We consulted 6 databases from inception to October 15, 2021. We included articles comparing menthol versus non-menthol cigarette smokers against predefined smoking dependence outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the AHRQ Evidence-Based Practice Center approach. We applied a random-effects mod…

Evaluation of Risk Perception of Smoking after the Implementation of California's Tobacco 21 Law.

Decreasing smoking initiation remains a public health priority. In 2016, California, in the United States, enacted the Tobacco 21 law, which raised the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco products from age 18 to age 21. This paper evaluates whether the enactment and implementation of the Tobacco 21 law changed how young adults perceive the risk(s) of smoking. Data were drawn from a cohort of emerging adults (n = 575) in California who were non-daily smokers at enrollment and followed quarterly for 3 years. Data were collected during 2015-2019. Piecewise multilevel regression models were us…

The Association between Dietary Habits, Substance Use, and Mental Distress among Adults in Southern Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study among 28,047 Adults from the General Population.

The aim of the present study was to examine associations between dietary habits, substance use, and mental distress among adults. This cross … oods and beverages. The results also showed increased odds of mental distress among male and female smokers (1.38; 1.19-1.60 and 1.44; 1.26-1.64), and among females, but not males, reporting current use of smokeless tobacco (1.20; 1.03-1.40), compared to male and female non-smokers and female non-users of smokeless tobacco. Overall, unhealthy dietary habi …

The Association Between Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking and Spinal Pain is Not Explained by Serum Cotinine Levels.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to check if self-reported smoking is still associated with back pain above and beyond its association wit … S: Self-reported cigarette smoking was associated with neck pain (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) Regular smokers vs. Non-smokers: 1.44; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.14-1.82), low back pain (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.24-1.78), low back pain with pain below knee (aOR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.42-2.76), as well as arthritis/rheumatism (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.03-1.71), and rel …

Psychometric properties of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence: A systematic review.

The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is a widely used test for assessing physical nicotine dependence. However, there is a nee … ggested that it may not tap the appropriate constructs that would predict smoking patterns in light smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and smokeless tobacco users. Thus, further research must focus on improving the psychometric properties of FTND to enhance the measurement of nicotine dependence.

The impact of tobacco smoking on treatment choice and efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.

Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing and worsens Crohn's disease (CD), yet protects against the development and reduces the severity of ulcerative colitis. It is less clear whether smoking impacts the efficacy of therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We review the literature regarding the relationship between smoking and the efficacy of medical and surgical therapy in IBD. Smoking is associated with alterations in thiopurine metabolism and may affect time to disease relapse. The outcomes of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in active smokers appear neutral with d…

Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing.

Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various con … n analysis. Alcohol non-flushers were also 1.3 times (95% CI 1.21-1.40) more likely to become daily smokers and 1.39 times (95% CI 1.27-1.51) more likely to be current smokers than alcohol flushers. However, in an IV analysis, no causal relationships between alcohol consumption and smoking status were found. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, was cau …