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Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care?

Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer mana

International Recommendations for Screening and Preventative Practices for Long-Term Survivors of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy: A 2023 Update.

As hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy expand to new indications and international access improves, the number of HCTs performed annually continues to rise. Parallel improvements in HCT techniques and supportive care entails more patients surviving long term, creating further emphasis on survivorship needs. Survivors are at risk for developing late complications secondary to pretransplantation, peritransplantation, and post-transplantation exposures and other underlying risk factors. Guidelines for screening and preventive practices for HCT survivors were originally p

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… Recipients of pre-HCT alkylating agents (particularly etoposide or cyclophosphamide), and possibly post-HCT cyclophosphamide are at higher risk [ 311 , 312 ]. …

Overview on Molecular Biomarkers for Laryngeal Cancer: Looking for New Answers to an Old Problem.

Laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) accounts for almost 25-30% of all head and neck squamous cell cancers and is clustered according to the affected districts, as this determines distinct tendency to recur and metastasize. A major role for numerous genetic alterations in driving the onset and progression of this neoplasm is emerging. However, major efforts are still required for the identification of molecular markers useful for both early diagnosis and prognostic definition of LSCC that is still characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Non-coding RNAs appear the most promising

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… Furthermore, transfection of miR-125a mimic attenuates multidrug resistance of HEp-2-CSCs to vincristine, etoposide, and doxorubicin [ 170 ]. Tain et al. found low miR-26b expression in cisplatin resistant HEp-2 (HEp-2/R) cells compared to HEp-2 wild-type model. …

Multiple Myeloma Therapy: Emerging Trends and Challenges.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete large amounts of immunoglobulins and other non-functional proteins. Despite decades of progress and several landmark therapeutic advancements, MM remains incurable in most cases. Standard of care frontline therapies have limited durable efficacy, with the majority of patients eventually relapsing, either early or later. Induced drug resistance via up-modulations of signaling cascades that circumvent the effect of drugs and the emergenc

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… regimens are rarely used in the US now, with two exceptions only: (1) high-dose melphalan is still the preferred conditioning regimen prior to autologous hematopoetic cell transplant (AHCT) and (2) it is used in combination with bortezomib, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide …

Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals.

Cancer chemoprevention approaches are aimed at preventing, delaying, or suppressing tumor incidence using synthetic or natural bioactive agents. Mechanistically, chemopreventive agents also aid in mitigating cancer development, either by impeding DNA damage or by blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. Several pre-clinical studies have substantiated the benefits of using various dietary components as chemopreventives in cancer therapy. The incessant rise in the number of cancer cases globally is an issue of major concern. The excessive toxicity and chemoresistance associat

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… According to this study Quercetin displays significant antimutagenicity against several mutagens such as sodium azide, benzo(a)pyrene, cyclophosphamide monohydrate, methyl methane sulphonate and etoposide ( Shivakumar et al., 2017 ). …

Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth.

Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following forma

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… Outside of the bone metastatic microenvironment, increased p38 activity in dormant human epidermoid carcinoma HEp3 cells has been shown to confer resistance to doxorubicin and etoposide chemotherapy regimens by increasing pro-survival signaling orchestrated by simultaneous activation of PERK and deactivation …

Multi-omics tumor profiling technologies to develop precision medicine in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic cancer, is caused by accumulation of aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Its molecular causes are not fully understood and its great heterogeneity among patients complicates therapeutic decision-making. In the past decades, development of new therapies and drugs have significantly improved survival of MM patients. However, resistance to drugs and relapse remain the most common causes of mortality and are the major challenges to overcome. The advent of high throughput omics technologies capable of analyzing big amount of clinical a

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… Changes in subcellular distribution of topoisomerase IIα correlate with etoposide resistance in multicell spheroids and xenograft tumors. Cancer Res. 2000;60:5747–53. 45. Turner JG, Marchion DC, Dawson JL, Emmons MF, Hazlehurst LA, Washausen P, et al. …

Dermatologic conditions in women receiving systemic cancer therapy.

As advances in cancer therapies have improved cancer-related survival, novel therapeutics have also introduced a variety of dermatologic toxicities, and an increased number of patients are living with these sequalae. Women with cancer in particular experience a spectrum of dermatologic conditions that affect their skin, hair, nail, and mucosal surfaces. Studies have shown that these toxic effects can significantly affect quality of life and alter a woman's self-image, cultural identity, femininity, sexuality, and mental health. In severe instances, dermatologic toxicities may even disrupt canc

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… Platinum-based | Cisplatin | Testicular, ovarian, breast, cervical, bladder, head and neck, esophageal, lung, mesothelioma, brain, neuroblastoma | Carboplatin | Ovarian, lung | Oxaliplatin | Colorectal Topoisomerase inhibitors | Topotecan | Ovarian, cervical, lung | Irinotecan | Colorectal, lung | Etoposide …

Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although surgical resection is a potentially curative approach for localized cases of GC, most cases of GC are diagnosed in an advanced, non-curable stage and the response to traditional chemotherapy is limited. Fortunately, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate GC hold great promise for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this review, an overview of the morphological classification, current treatment approaches, and molecular alterations that have been c

Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still i

Determining Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundPatients with acute leukemia (AL) are at heightened risk of cardiovascular complications due to both disease-related and treatment-related factors. These complications include heart failure, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events which may significantly impact morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors contributing to cardiovascular complications in patients with acute leukemia.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA reporting guideline. Multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library

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… FLT3 inhibitors (e.g., midostaurin, gilteritinib), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors (e.g., ivosidenib, enasidenib), monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab, blinatumomab, gemtuzumab, ozogamicin, tisagenlecleucel), and drugs regulating apoptosis and cellular metabolism (e.g., venetoclax, etoposide …

Mechanisms to medicines: navigating drug repurposing strategies in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a continuously advancing neurodegenerative condition distinguished by the unremitting deterioration of cognitive abilities and memory impairment, which significantly hampers daily functioning of life. In the absence of disease modifying treatments, it continues to pose a significant global challenge. Though symptomatic treatment exists, the inherent complexity involved with AD pathogenesis related to Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, etc. poses a tremendous challenge to developing drugs. With the incidence of AD increa

Abstracts from the 13th International Conference for Healthcare and Medical Students (ICHAMS).

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A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapi

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin in Cancer.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane cell-surface proteins that act as signal transducers. They regulate essential cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism. RTK alteration occurs in a broad spectrum of cancers, emphasising its crucial role in cancer progression and as a suitable therapeutic target. The use of small molecule RTK inhibitors however, has been crippled by the emergence of resistance, highlighting the need for a pleiotropic anti-cancer agent that can replace or be used in combination with existing pharmacological agents to enhan

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… Common chemotherapeutic drugs can be biochemically classified into alkylating agents (e.g. cisplatin, carboplatin, and etc.), anti-metabolites (e.g. gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil), anti-tumour antibiotics (e.g. doxorubicin, epirubicin), topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g. etoposide) and tubulin-binding drugs …

Natural anti-cancer products: insights from herbal medicine.

Herbal medicine exhibits a broad spectrum of potent anti-cancer properties, including the enhancement of tumor immune responses, reversal of multidrug resistance, regulation of autophagy and ferroptosis, as well as anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects. This review systematically explores recent advances (primarily documented since 2019) in research on key anti-cancer compounds derived from herbal medicine, such as apigenin, artemisinin, berberine, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ginsenosides, icariin, resveratrol, silibinin, triptolide, and ursolic

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… , 0–80 μM, 0–100 μM, 0–120 μM, 0–140 μM, 0–200 μM, 0–250 μM, 50–400 μM, 0–270 μM, 0–300 μM, 0–400 μM, 0–700 μM, 0–1000 μM, 10 μg/mL, 0.0014–70 μg/mL, 0–250 μg/mL; 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg | Brigatinib, Cisplatin, Curcumin, Dacarbazine, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Etoposide …

The 44th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Physicians Oral Session

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… BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclophosphamide with ATG and combination of cyclophosphamide, ATG and busulphan were used as conditioning regimens in 3, 11 and 4 patients respectively. …

Immunosenescence and cancer predisposition in pediatric transplant recipients: An emerging paradigm.

Pediatric solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients paradoxically experience accelerated immune aging despite chronological youth, establishing a paradigm with profound implications for cancer risk and long-term outcomes. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating how transplantation-related factors, anti-thymocyte globulin-mediated T cell depletion, cytomegalovirus reactivation, chronic immunosuppression, and thymic dysfunction, induce premature immunosenescent phenotypes. These processes converge to generate T cell populations exhibiting CD28 los

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… Topoisomerase II inhibitors (etoposide, doxorubicin) cause balanced chromosomal translocations predisposing to therapy-related leukemias with shorter latency (1-3 years)[ 22 ]. …

Immunosenescence, Physical Exercise, and their Implications in Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy.

Aging is associated with a decline in immune function, termed immunosenescence, which compromises host defences and increases susceptibility to infections and cancer. Physical exercise is widely recognized for its myriad health benefits, including the potential to modulate the immune system. This review explores the bidirectional relationship between immunosenescence and physical exercise, focusing on their interplay in shaping antitumor immunity. We summarize the impact of aging on innate and adaptive immune cells, highlighting alterations that contribute to immunosenescence and cancer develo

Developments in nanotechnology approaches for the treatment of solid tumors.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer therapy by introducing advanced drug delivery systems that enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse effects. By leveraging various nanoparticle platforms-including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles-researchers have improved drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Additionally, new nanodevices are being engineered to respond to specific physiological conditions like temperature and pH variations, enabling controlled drug release and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Beyond drug delivery, nanotechnology pla

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… post-injection while sparing normal cells • Significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to free Dox at the same dose Wei et al. [ 215 ]., 2014 | Drug-resistant tumors expressing CD44 receptors | Cholesteryl-modified hyaluronic acid (CHA) nanogels | • CHA-drug conjugates with hydrophobic cores, loaded with etoposide …