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Sex Differences in Cancer and Cardiotoxicity: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications Across Solid and Hematological Malignancies.

Sex differences influence cancer incidence, treatment response, and susceptibility to cardiovascular toxicity. Males exhibit higher rates and poorer outcomes in most non-sex-specific cancers, while females more frequently experience treatment-related adverse events, including cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction. Biological factors such as hormonal status, genetic polymorphisms, immune responses, and pharmacokinetics contribute to these disparities. In cardio-oncology, women-particularly premenopausal or with specific genotypes-may be at increased risk for cardiotoxicity after treatment

Determining Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundPatients with acute leukemia (AL) are at heightened risk of cardiovascular complications due to both disease-related and treatment-related factors. These complications include heart failure, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events which may significantly impact morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors contributing to cardiovascular complications in patients with acute leukemia.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA reporting guideline. Multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library

A Review on Probable Causes of Cardiotoxicity Caused by Common Cancer Drugs and the Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment.

Cancer is a widespread disease in our nation, characterized by a high occurrence rate. The use of tumor medications has been linked to an increased chance of cardiovascular complications, including a notable occurrence of heart toxicity. This has caused significant concern among healthcare professionals. This article provides a comprehensive compilation of drugs recognized for their potential to cause heart toxicity. Furthermore, extensive research has been conducted to investigate and categorize the effects of heart toxicity, with the purpose of promoting awareness, facilitating early interve

Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Cardiovascular Toxicity of Anticancer Drugs.

The cardiovascular toxicity of anticancer drugs promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, cardiovascular toxicity is an important safety issue that must be considered when developing medications and therapeutic applications to treat cancer. Among anticancer drugs, members of the anthracycline family, such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin and mitoxantrone, are known to cause cardiotoxicity and even heart failure. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in combination with "Omic" technologies, we identified several cardiotoxicity mechanisms and signal t

The emerging role of echocardiography-based techniques in cardio-onco-hematology.

In decades, the overall survival rate for cancer patients has improved significantly with continuous advances in cancer treatment technologies. However, cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has been one of the most worrying side effects, particularly in patients with hematological malignancies (HM), affecting the quality of life for cancer survivors. Early detection and prompt treatment are of vital importance. Echocardiography-based techniques can even identify subclinical myocardial damages, which is crucial for preventing irreversible myocardial damage. Conventional trans

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… MW has benefits over LVEF and GLS as it includes the afterload-dependent limitation and dynamic myocardial contraction in relationship to various loading conditions ( 41 ). …

Chromatin modifiers in human disease: from functional roles to regulatory mechanisms.

The field of transcriptional regulation has revealed the vital role of chromatin modifiers in human diseases from the beginning of functional exploration to the process of participating in many types of disease regulatory mechanisms. Chromatin modifiers are a class of enzymes that can catalyze the chemical conversion of pyrimidine residues or amino acid residues, including histone modifiers, DNA methyltransferases, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Chromatin modifiers assist in the formation of transcriptional regulatory circuits between transcription factors, enhancers, and promoters by reg

Cardio-cerebral infarction: a narrative review of pathophysiology, treatment challenges, and prognostic implications.

Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Despite its complex pathogenesis and more severe prognosis compared to isolated AMI or AIS, no consensus has been established regarding its definition, classification, epidemiology, treatment protocols, or prognostic management. Current research is largely confined to case reports or small case series, and there are no unified diagnostic or treatment guidelines, nor any expert consensus. Consequently, clini

Precision Reimbursement for Precision Medicine: Using Real-World Evidence to Evolve From Trial-and-Project to Track-and-Pay to Learn-and-Predict.

Basic scientists and drug developers are accelerating innovations toward the goal of precision medicine. Regulators create pathways for timely patient access to precision medicines, including individualized therapies. Healthcare payors acknowledge the need for change but downstream innovation for coverage and reimbursement is only haltingly occurring. Performance uncertainty, high price-tags, payment timing, and actuarial risk issues associated with precision medicines present novel financial challenges for payors. With traditional drug reimbursement frameworks, payment is based on an assumed

Emerging Insights into Granulomatous and Amyloidogenic Cardiomyopathies.

Background: Granulomatous and amyloidogenic cardiomyopathies are infiltrative conditions that can be fatal if left untreated. Among these, cardiac amyloidosis and cardiac sarcoidosis are significant but often underdiagnosed causes of heart failure, each serving as cardiac manifestations of broader systemic diseases. Advancements in imaging techniques and the emergence of novel therapies-particularly for cardiac amyloidosis-have brought these conditions into sharper focus for both clinicians and researchers. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature by searching databases i

Acute and Chronic Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review.

Background/Objectives: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a higher propensity for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, primarily due to the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the association of acute myeloid leukemia treatment with adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: We systematically screened the literature for studies providing comparative data on cardiovascular toxicities in patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia. After the initial search, 3649 papers were screened and a final total number of 46 were included for t

Early termination of cardiovascular trials as a consequence of poor accrual: analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov 2006-2015.

ObjectivesTo present a snapshot of experimental cardiovascular research with a focus on geographical and temporal patterns of early termination due to poor accrual.SettingThe Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT) database, reflecting ClinicalTrials.gov as of 27 March 2016.DesignThe AACT database was searched for all cardiovascular clinical trials that started from January 2006 up to December 2015.ResultsThirteen thousand and seven hundred twenty-nine cardiovascular trials were identified. Of these, 8900 (65%) were classified as closed studies. Globally, 11% of closed trials were term

Oxyphenbutazone ameliorates carfilzomib induced cardiotoxicity in rats via inhibition of oxidative free radical burst and NF-κB/IκB-α pathway.

Carfilzomib (CFZ), a chemotherapeutic agent used for multiple myeloma treatments reported to cause high incidence of cardiac events either new onset and/or exacerbate formerly diagnosed heart failure with ventricular and myocardial dysfunction. Purpose: Current research designed to explore and examine the preventive effect of oxyphenbutazone in the CFZ -instigated cardiotoxicity. Methodology: Female Wistar Rats weighing 200-250 g selected randomly and grouped as follows: Group 1 designated as the Normal control and receive normal saline only. Group 2 served toxic control and exposed to CFZ (4

Abstract

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Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertension: an evidence-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this health technology assessment was to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for hypertension. CLINICAL NEED: CONDITION AND TARGET POPULATION: Hypertension occurs when either systolic blood pressure, the pressure in the artery when the heart contracts, or diastolic blood pressure, the pressure in the artery when the heart relaxes between beats, are consistently high. Blood pressure (BP) that is consistently more than 140/90 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) is considered high. A lower threshold,

Cancer-Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Latest Advances in Prevention and Treatment.

The increasing efficacy of cancer therapies has significantly improved survival rates, but it has also highlighted the prevalence of cancer-therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the identification, monitoring, and management of CTRCD, a condition resulting from several treatments, such as anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies, target therapies, and radiotherapy. The paper includes a discussion of the mechanisms of CTRCD associated with various cancer treatments. Early detection through serum biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques is

Uncovering the knowledge about systemic amyloidosis relevant to the rheumatologists.

Amyloidosis is a localized or systemic disease caused by deposition of proteins in the extracellular space of various organs and tissues. As part of the disease, proteins that were originally soluble misfold and acquire a fibrillar conformation that renders them insoluble and resistant to proteolysis. Systemic amyloidosis is a rare, often underdiagnosed condition. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed cases of amyloidosis has been increasing in association with the aging of the population and greater access to diagnostic tests. From a clinical perspective, systemic amyloidosis is f

Update on preclinical models of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: Challenges and perspectives. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC, the ESC Council of Cardio-Oncology, and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart.

New anticancer therapies with potential cardiovascular side effects are continuously being introduced into clinical practice, with new and often unexpected toxicities becoming apparent only after clinical introduction. These unknown toxicities should be identified and understood beforehand to better prepare patients and physicians, enabling the implementation of effective treatments. Therefore, there is a crucial need for appropriate preclinical models to understand the biological basis of their cardiotoxicity. This scientific statement summarizes the preclinical models hitherto used, from in

Amyloidosis with Cardiac Involvement: Identification, Characterization, and Management.

Purpose of reviewAmyloidosis is a protein deposition disease whereby a variety of precursor proteins form insoluble fibrils that deposit in tissues, causing organ dysfunction and, many times, death. Accurate characterization of the disease based on the nature of the precursor protein, organ involvement, and extent of disease is paramount to guide management. Cardiac amyloidosis is critical to understand because of its impact on prognosis and new treatment options available.Recent findingsNew imaging methods have proven to be considerably valuable in the identification of cardiac amyloid infilt

Regenerative rehabilitation: a novel multidisciplinary field to maximize patient outcomes.

Regenerative rehabilitation is a novel and rapidly developing multidisciplinary field that converges regenerative medicine and rehabilitation science, aiming to maximize the functions of disabled patients and their independence. While regenerative medicine provides state-of-the-art technologies that shed light on difficult-to-treated diseases, regenerative rehabilitation offers rehabilitation interventions to improve the positive effects of regenerative medicine. However, regenerative scientists and rehabilitation professionals focus on their aspects without enough exposure to advances in each

A review of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic sarcopenia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.

Diabetic sarcopenia is a common complication of diabetes, substantially impacting patients' quality of life and prognosis. Its pathogenesis is closely related to energy metabolism, with mitochondria-often referred to as the cellular "powerhouse"-playing a central role in this process. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic sarcopenia, emphasizing mechanisms such as energy metabolism imbalance, oxidative stress-induced damage, and abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Additionally, we discussed current research on diagnostic and therapeutic st