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The vascular disrupting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid improves the antitumor efficacy and shortens treatment time associated with Photochlor-sensitized photodynamic therapy in vivo.

In this report, we examined the antitumor activity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), a vascular disrupting agent currently undergoing clinical evaluation. BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous CT-26 colon carcinomas were treated with PDT using the second-generation chlorin-based sensitizer, 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (Photochlor) with or without DMXAA. Long-term (60-days) treatment outcome, induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular damage (microvessel density, MVD) were

Lasers and optical technologies in facial plastic surgery.

Lasers and optical technologies play a significant role in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. The unique ability of optical technologies to target specific structures and layers in tissues to effect chemical, mechanical, or thermal changes makes them a powerful tool in cutaneous rejuvenation, hair removal, fat removal, and treatment of vascular lesions such as port-wine stains, among many other procedures. With the development of adjunct techniques such as epidermal cooling, lasers and optical technologies have become more versatile and safe. The constant improvement of existing application

Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4): a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in choroidal neovascularization.

PURPOSE: The aim of this sutdy was to demonstrate the selective localization of a new photosensitizer, zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS(4)), in rat eyes and investigate the ability of ZnPcS(4) to produce a photochemical closure of experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) upon irradiation with a 670-nm laser light. METHODS: To determine the biodistribution of ZnPcS(4) and the optimal timing of laser irradiation after photosensitizer administration, fluorescence microscopy with ZnPcS(4) was performed. CNV was created in the fundi of Brown-Norway rats using the argon laser model

[Photodynamic therapy of cutaneous epithelial malignancies. An evidence-based review].

During the last years photodynamic therapy (PDT) has progressively established itself as a standard treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. A number of clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy--also compared to other treatment modalities--as well as good acceptance by patients and outstanding cosmetic results. For Bowen disease and superficial basal cell carcinoma, PDT can be regarded as the first-line non-invasive treatment. In the treatment of actinic keratoses PDT should be considered when cosmesis is crucial or in cases of field cancerization. In nodular basal cell carcinoma, effect

The evolving role of aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride with photodynamic therapy in photoaging.

The safety and efficacy of treating individuals who presented with multiple actinic keratosis (AK) lesions with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) were documented in a phase III trial. This report highlights results of this phase III trial and reviews 2 specific case studies treated with ALA/PDT who presented with both multiple nonhyperkeratotic AK lesions and moderate-to-severe photodamage. Treatment consisted of a 2-step process performed by the investigator. In addition to the pretreatment evaluation, each subject was evaluated at 1- and 2-month inter

Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia with verteporfin. 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial--VIP report no. 1.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (Visudyne; CIBA Vision Corp, Duluth, GA) can improve the chance of stabilizing or improving vision (<8 letter loss) safely in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by pathologic myopia. DESIGN: Multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial at 28 ophthalmology practices in Europe and North AMERICA: PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty patients with subfoveal CNV caused by pathologic myopia with a greatest linear dimension no more than 5400 microM and best-corrected visual acuit

Photoradiation methods for purging autologous bone marrow grafts.

The potential of various photoradiation therapy for the in vitro purging of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow (BM) transplants is discussed in this paper. The results with fluorescent dyes, Dihematoporphyrin Ether (DHE) and Merocyanine-540 (MC-540) are detailed. Following photoradiation of cells with white light, both DHE and MC-540 showed high cytocidal activity towards lymphoid and myeloid neoplastic cells, but had significantly less effect on normal granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E) and mixed colony-forming (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells. Acute promyelocytic leu

Cerebral photosensitisation by haematoporphyrin derivative. Evidence for an endothelial site of action.

Exposure of the cranium to white light in mice that had been given haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) led to a rapid onset of vasogenic cerebral oedema, cerebral necrosis, coma and death. Selectivity of the initial damage for endothelium was suggested by (a) early breakdown (less than 1 h) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as shown by increased permeability to Evans blue (b) separation and increased vesiculation of endothelial cells at 2 h and (c) endothelial cell pyknosis at 3--4 h in small vessels next to apparently undamaged neurones and neuroglia. There was no damage to myelin sheaths, and a

Stem cell therapy as a potential treatment option for psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disorder characterized by white scales and clearly demarcated erythematous plaques. The prevalence of psoriasis varies from country to country and can occur at any age, implying that ethnicity, environmental factors, and genetic background all play a role in its onset. According to the World Psoriasis Day Consortium, 125 million people globally and 2%-3% of the overall community have psoriasis. The introduction of biological treatments has revolutionized the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. These novel drugs, particularly those targe

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… Zurita et al. presented the findings of a trial that compared the effects of autologous HSCT (n = 30) with UVA photochemotherapy (n = 19) in patients with severe psoriasis. … After obtaining bone marrow from the iliac crest and isolating the CD34+ fraction, autologous cells were administered intravenously as a single dose. 30 The therapeutic effects were controlled for up to six months and compared with the effects of Photochemotherapy UVA (PUVA). …

Development of novel nanoliposomes co-loaded with ROR1 inhibitor and Ce6 for the treatment of EGFR-TKIs resistant NSCLC by synergistic targeted inhibitor therapy and photodynamic therapy.

Currently, developing effective treatments for epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the main research focuses in the field. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, whose knockdown could effectively inhibit the growth of EGFR-TKIs resistant NSCLC. Targeted inhibitor therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) combination is a promising strategy for reducing drug resistance and side effects. 12d, a novel small molecule ROR1 inhibitor we synthesiz

Topographical and Refractive Outcomes After Corneal Cross-linking in Novice Scleral Lens Users.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if scleral fittings that occur before corneal cross-linking (CXL) are still successful after the procedure. METHODS: This prospective study included seven patients with keratoconus or post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal ectasia who were fitted with scleral lenses then underwent CXL. Four patients (six eyes) had keratoconus and three patients (five eyes) had post-LASIK ectasia. Topographic and refractive parameters, as well as uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and scleral lens-corrected visual acuity were collected

Impact of Simultaneous TG-PRK on Corneal Haze After Cross-Linking for Keratoconus: A Quantitative Densitometry Analysis.

PURPOSE: To compare the impact of simultaneous topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (TG-PRK) on corneal haze in patients undergoing accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus, using corneal densitometry. METHODS: Retrospective, case-control study comparing patients undergoing accelerated CXL alone (CXL group) or combined CXL and TG-PRK (TG-PRK group). All patients performed PTK-assisted 50-μm deepithelization, followed by 10-minute ultraviolet-A exposure at 10 mW/cm 2 (6 J/cm 2 total dose). In the TG-PRK group, patients had simultaneous TG-PRK ablation for topographic re

Pulsed light epithelium-off accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking with 30mW/cm2 irradiance and 7.2 J/cm2 radiant exposure: 2-year results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 2-year outcomes of pulsed light epithelium-off accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (aCXL) using 30 mW/cm2 for 8 min (7.2 J/cm2) for the treatment of progressive keratoconus. METHODS: A total of 23 eyes of 18 patients with progressive keratoconus, that were treated with epithelium-off pulsed light aCXL (30 mW/cm2, 8 min) were included in this retrospective study. Tomographic measurements and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were analyzed at the baseline visit (before the aCXL treatment), and at 3-, 12- and 24-months visit. RESULTS: The two-year results de

A comparative analysis of the 1-year outcomes of modified Athens protocol versus Cretan protocol in the treatment of progressive keratoconus.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective comparative cohort study aimed to compare the one-year outcomes of two modified surgical protocols, the Athens protocol followed by accelerated corneal cross-linking (ACXL) (topography-guided transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy [TG-TPRK] combined with ACXL) and the Cretan protocol followed by ACXL (transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy [TPTK] combined with ACXL), in patients with progressive keratoconus. METHODS: The study included 92 eyes of 67 patients (49 eyes/34 patients in the TG-TPRK-ACXL group; 43 eyes/33 patients in the TPTK-ACXL group). A

Triple-Responsive Cross-Linked Micelles for Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Therapy.

We have developed a novel triple-responsive (pH/reduction/near-infrared (NIR) light) cross-linked polymer micelle PEG-P(LL/LL-LA)-PCL-IR820 for enhanced synergistic cancer therapy. This micelle was synthesized using a triblock amphiphilic polymer based on polylysine, functionalized with maleic anhydride (LA) as a cross-linking site and polycaprolactone (PCL) for encapsulating the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The photosensitizer IR820 was grafted onto PCL to enable photothermal and photodynamic effects under NIR irradiation. The DOX-loaded cross-linked micelles (DCMs) demonstrated excepti

Zinc phthalocyanine and sulfasalazine coloaded nanoaggregates with Prussian blue functionalization for sensitizing tumor photothermal/photodynamic therapy.

Photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT), as a noninvasive therapeutic modality, has been extensively applied in superficial tumor treatment. However, their curative effects were largely weakened due to hypoxia and an elevated glutathione (GSH) microenvironment. Herein, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and sulfasalazine (SAS) coloaded nanoaggregates (Z-S@B NAs) with Prussian blue (PB) functionalization (PB/Z-S@B NAs) were fabricated via self-assembly and using an in situ oxidative polymerization method for tumor PTT/PDT sensitization. The designed PB/Z-S@B NAs were capable of triggering l

Augmenting cGAS/STING-mediated innate immunity by copper-based nanoplatform for synergistic cancer immunotherapy via inducing irreversible DNA damage.

Activation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Actually, endogenous damaged double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can intrinsically activate this pathway, but tumor resistance often arises through extensive DNA repair mechanisms. To overcome this challenge, we firstly developed ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor (ATMi) loaded hollow-structured CuS nanoparticles with in situ surface growth of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs; chemo-prodrugs), termed as HCuS@Pt@ATMi (HCuSPtA). Upon cellular internalization, the HCuS

Blackberry-Like Doxorubicin Loaded Hyaluronic Acid/Zinc Phthalocyanine Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites for Long-Term Tumor Photodynamic and Chemotherapy Synergistic Therapy.

BACKGROUND: The co-loading of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and doxorubicin (DOX) on a nanocarrier for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT)-chemotherapy (CT) synergistic therapy is an effective approach. However, significant differences in water solubility between DOX and ZnPc hinder their high drug-loading content within a unified carrier. Additionally, DOX's systemic toxicity limits its therapeutic dosage, while low ZnPc loading shortens PDT duration, collectively restricting the efficacy of PDT and related synergistic therapy. This study aims to design a long-term PDT and CT synergistic therapy st

One-year choroidal thickness changes after photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinopathy evaluated by widefield optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness 1 year after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients with CSC who unilaterally underwent half-dose PDT and completed a 12-month follow-up. Choroidal thickness was evaluated before and after PDT within an 18-mm circular grid centered on the fovea subdivided into nine areas in the treated and untreated fellow eyes. RESULTS: All 21 treated eyes showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid at

Corneal densitometry changes post-CXL for keratoconus: Comparative evaluation of epithelium-off, contact lens-assisted, and transepithelial techniques.

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in corneal backscattering after collagen cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus and compare its course with different techniques - standard epithelium-off CXL (SCXL), contact lens-assisted CXL (CACXL), and transepithelial CXL (TECXL). SETTING: Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. METHODS: Ninety-four eyes (SCXL: 47, CACXL: 30, and TECXL: 17) were compared. Corneal haze was quantified using Scheimpflug tomography, pre- and post-CXL at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo