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Disease burden of ageing, sex and regional disparities and health resources allocation: a longitudinal analysis of 31 provinces in Mainland China.

ObjectivesTo measure the disease burden of ageing based on age-related diseases (ARDs), the sex and regional disparities and the impact of health resources allocation on the burden in China.DesignA national comparative study based on Global Burden of Diseases Study estimates and China's routine official statistics.Setting and participantsThirty-one provinces of Mainland China were included for analysis in the study. No individuals were involved.MethodsWe first identified the ARDs and calculated the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ARDs in 2016. We assessed the ARD burden disparities b

Risk Assessment for Newly Diagnosed Fit Young Patients with Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Treatment Modalities: Should There Be Additional Factors Taken into Consideration??

IntroductionThe optimal treatment for young patients with high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) remains a challenge.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 58 NDMM patients younger than 55 years treated in our center from 2010 to 2021 with the current recommended protocols.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 48 months, median overall survival (OS) was not reached; however, approximately 25% of them died within 4 years after diagnosis. Advanced disease stage, presence of extramedullary disease, elevated LDH, and less than very good remission before autologous hematopoietic stem-cell tran

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… All had signed informed-consent forms regarding the diagnostic procedures, treatment approaches, and use of their clinical data for research purposes. …

Comprehensive analysis of pan-cancer reveals potential of ASF1B as a prognostic and immunological biomarker.

BackgroundAnti-silencing function 1 (ASF1) is a conserved histone H3-H4 chaperone protein. ASF1B, a paralog of ASF1, acts by promoting cell proliferation and influencing cell cycle progression. Although there is some evidence demonstrating that ASF1B plays a key role in the development, progression, and prognosis of certain cancers, there are no pan-cancer analyses of ASF1B.MethodsWe used a range of bioinformatics approaches to investigate the predictive role of ASF1B, including its correlation with prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor microenvironm

Polymorphisms in CXCR3 ligands predict early CXCL9 recovery and severe chronic GVHD.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). The individual risk of severe cGVHD remains difficult to predict and may involve CXCR3 ligands. This study investigated the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and their day +28 serum levels, in cGVHD pathogenesis. Eighteen CXCR3 and CXCL4, CXCL9-11 SNPs as well as peri-transplant CXCL9-11 serum levels were analyzed in 688 patients without (training cohort; n = 287) or with statin-based endothelial protection

Benefit and danger from immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis.

In the last years, significant advances have improved the knowledge of myasthenia gravis (MG) immunopathogenesis and have enabled to realize new molecules with a selective action targeting compounds of the immunological system. This review discusses emerging treatments for MG, including complement inhibitors, neonatal Fc receptor targeting agents, and B cell interfering drugs, focusing on benefit and danger. In the second section of the review, several related adverse events of immunotherapy, including MGonset, are debated.

Can 18F-NaF PET/CT before Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Predict Survival in Multiple Myeloma?

There is an unmet need for positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that can image bone disease in multiple myeloma (MM) in a more sensitive and specific way than the widely used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). Sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a highly sensitive tracer of bone reconstruction, evolving as an important imaging agent for the assessment of malignant bone diseases. We attempted to investigate for the first time the prognostic significance of 18F-NaF PET/CT in newly diagnosed, symptomatic MM patients planned for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Forty-seven patients

COVID-19 Infections and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Multiple Myeloma in New York City: A Cohort Study from Five Academic Centers.

Patients with multiple myeloma have a compromised immune system, due to both the disease and antimyeloma therapies, and may therefore be particularly susceptible to COVID-19. Here, we report outcomes and risk factors for serious disease in patients with multiple myeloma treated at five large academic centers in New York City in the spring of 2020, during which it was a global epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Of 100 patients with multiple myeloma (male 58%; median age 68) diagnosed with COVID-19, 75 were admitted; of these, 13 patients (17%) were placed on invasive mechanical ventilation,

Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an 18-week supervised exercise program in patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation: results from the EXIST study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a supervised 18-week high-intensity exercise program compared with usual care in patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation. METHODS: One hundred nine patients were randomly assigned to the exercise intervention (n = 54) or the usual care control group (n = 55). Data on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), handgrip strength, general fatigue, and health-related quality of life (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) were collected at baseline (T0), after completion of the exercise intervention or at a simi

Testing mapping algorithms of the cancer-specific EORTC QLQ-C30 onto EQ-5D in malignant mesothelioma.

BackgroundIn order to estimate utilities for cancer studies where the EQ-5D was not used, the EORTC QLQ-C30 can be used to estimate EQ-5D using existing mapping algorithms. Several mapping algorithms exist for this transformation, however, algorithms tend to lose accuracy in patients in poor health states. The aim of this study was to test all existing mapping algorithms of QLQ-C30 onto EQ-5D, in a dataset of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, an invariably fatal malignancy where no previous mapping estimation has been published.MethodsHealth related quality of life (HRQoL) data whe

Bispecific Antibody-Based Immune-Cell Engagers and Their Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases. Harnessing the power of immune cells is a promising strategy to improve the antitumor effect of cancer immunotherapy. Recent progress in recombinant DNA technology and antibody engineering has ushered in a new era of bispecific antibody (bsAb)-based immune-cell engagers (ICEs), including T- and natural-killer-cell engagers. Since the first approval of blinatumomab by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), various bsAb-based ICEs have been developed for the effective treatment of patients with

A systematic review of the last two decades of NK cell-based clinical trials: state of the art of AML therapy.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a significant challenge in hematologic oncology, with high relapse rates and limited treatment options. Natural killer (NK) cells, as key effectors of innate immunity, have shown strong anti-leukemic activity, making them promising candidates for immunotherapy. Despite increasing clinical interest, a comprehensive evaluation of NK cell-based therapies in AML is still needed. METHODS: This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines to analyze clinical trials evaluating NK cell therapy in AML, either as a standalone treatment or in combinatio

Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a replacement for cancer therapy.

CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9) shows the opportunity to treat a diverse array of untreated various genetic and complicated disorders. Therapeutic genome editing processes that target disease-causing genes or mutant genes have been greatly accelerated in recent years as a consequence of improvements in sequence-specific nuclease technology. However, the therapeutic promise of genome editing has yet to be explored entirely, many challenges persist that increase the risk of further mutations. Here, we highlighted the main challenges fa

Short-chain acyl post-translational modifications in cancers: Mechanisms, roles, and therapeutic implications.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation and are key pathways for modulating protein functionality. PTMs involve the covalent attachment of distinct chemical groups, such as succinyl, crotonyl, and lactyl, at specific protein sites, which alter protein structure, function, stability, and activity, ultimately influencing biological processes. Recently, metabolically derived short-chain acylation modifications (with acyl groups containing fewer than six carbon atoms) have been progressively identified, such as butyrylation, succinylation, crotonylation

The influence of neuro-tumor interactions on tumorigenesis and therapeutic response.

The intricate crosstalk between the nervous system and tumors has emerged as a pivotal determinant of tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic response. This review synthesizes current insights into neuro-tumor interactions, highlighting how neuronal networks within the tumor microenvironment (TME) modulate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis by releasing neurotransmitters, growth factors, etc. The neuro-immune axis, a critical interface linking neural signaling to immune regulation, is explored in depth, elucidating how neuronal-derived molecules influence the phenotype a

Efficacy and safety of antibody-drug conjugates in HER2-positive and HER2-low advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and update.

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract in China. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‑targeted agents such as trastuzumab remain limited by significant challenges in the treatment of GC, including high rates of drug resistance, significant toxicity and adverse effects, and suboptimal tolerability. The advent of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has marked a paradigm shift in the therapeutic landscape. This review systematically summarises the structural design, mechanisms of action, and current clinical a

Challenges and strategies associated with CAR-T cell therapy in blood malignancies.

Cellular immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T cells, has shown potential in the improvement of outcomes in patients with refractory and recurrent malignancies of the blood. However, achieving sustainable long-term complete remission for blood cancer remains a challenge, with resistance and relapse being expected outcomes for many patients. Although many studies have attempted to clarify the mechanisms of CAR-T cell therapy failure, the mechanism remains unclear. In this article, we discuss and describe the current state of knowledge regarding these factors, which include elements that influence t

2021 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts-Virtual.

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Exploring the Emerging Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Thrombosis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, but their association with thrombosis presents significant clinical challenges. Patients with cancer already exhibit elevated risks for venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis, with treatment modalities like chemotherapy further exacerbating this risk. Emerging evidence suggests that ICIs contribute to thrombotic events through multifactorial mechanisms, including immune dysregulation, T cell activation, endothelial dysfunction, elevated tissue factor expression, and impaired fibrinolysis. Additional risk factors

Genetic factors and management strategies in aortic health: a literature review of inherited aortopathy.

Inherited aortopathies, including Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome, are genetic disorders characterized by structural abnormalities of the aorta that predispose individuals to life-threatening complications like aneurysms and dissections. These conditions result from mutations in genes essential for maintaining aortic wall integrity, such as FBN1, TGFBR1, and COL3A1, affecting extracellular matrix components and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway. Marfan syndrome has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 5000, while Loeys-Dietz syndrome and vascul

Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative illness in the world is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It results in mental symptoms including behavioral abnormalities and cognitive impairment, which have a substantial financial and psychological impact on the relatives of the patients. The review discusses various pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AD, including amyloid beta, tau protein, inflammation, and other factors, while emphasizing the need for effective disease-modifying therapeutics that alter disease progression rather than merely alleviating symptoms. This review mainly covers m