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Astrocytic JWA deletion exacerbates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by decreasing glutamate transporters in mice.

Astrocytic JWA exerts neuroprotective roles by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of how astrocytic JWA is involved in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that astrocyte-specific JWA knockout mice (JWA CKO) exacerbated dopamine (DA) neuronal loss and motor dysfunction, and reduced the levels of DA and its metabolites in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced PD model. Astrocytic JWA deficiency repressed expression of excitatory a

Tubers from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex are characterized by changes in microtubule biology through ROCK2 signalling.

Most patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop cortical tubers that cause severe neurological disabilities. It has been suggested that defects in neuronal differentiation and/or migration underlie the appearance of tubers. However, the precise molecular alterations remain largely unknown. Here, by combining cytological and immunohistochemical analyses of tubers from nine TSC patients (four of them diagnosed with TSC2 germline mutations), we show that alteration of microtubule biology through ROCK2 signalling contributes to TSC neuropathology. All tubers showed a larger number of b

[Membrane lipids in schizophrenia and early phases of psychosis: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets?].

The various roles of membrane lipids in human health has urged researchers to study their impact in neuropsychiatric diseases, especially in … alance between omega-3 and omega-6 is important for the neurodevelopment. PUFA are also involved in neurogenesis and neurotransmission. Sphingomyelin (SM) is a sphingolipid that influences inflammation, cell proliferation and lipid rafts formation. It is an important component of myelin sheaths of white matter and therefore is involved in cerebral connectivity …

Cancer related cognitive impairment: a downside of cancer treatment.

Cancer treatment is associated with long lasting cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. This cognitive impairment is often termed cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Cancer survivors treated for tumors outside the central nervous system are increasingly diagnosed with CRCI. The development of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of cancer treatment on the brain are crucial. Although neuroimaging research has proposed several candidate mechanisms, the pathogenic underpinnings of CRCI remain uncertain. As such, preventative and treatment strategies have not been identified. To

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… One study in rats expanded upon these findings and demonstrated that treatment with MTX+5-FU resulted in detectable cognitive dysfunction that correlated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis ( 106 ). It is not yet clear how systemic chemotherapy impacts neurogenesis. … Decreased levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor and doublecortin may disrupt neurogenesis, based on one study in rats following 5-FU administration ( 116 ). Reduced neurogenesis following chemotherapy is one of several potential mechanisms by which chemotherapy alters cognition. …

Loss of Wwox Causes Defective Development of Cerebral Cortex with Hypomyelination in a Rat Model of Lethal Dwarfism with Epilepsy.

WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (Wwox) is a putative tumor suppressor. Several germline mutations of Wwox have been associated with infant neurological disorders characterized by epilepsy, growth retardation, and early death. Less is known, however, about the pathological link between Wwox mutations and these disorders or the physiological role of Wwox in brain development. In this study, we examined age-related expression and histological localization of Wwox in forebrains as well as the effects of loss of function mutations in the Wwox gene in the immature cortex of a rat model of lethal

Терапевтический потенциал и проблемы мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в неврологических расстройствах: краткий анализ.

Неврологические заболевания представляют собой широкий спектр заболеваний, затрагивающих как центральную, так и периферийные нервные системы. Нейродегенеративные заболевания включают группу изнурительных и зачастую фатальных неврологических расстройств, для лечения которых в настоящее время не хватает эффективных методов лечения. Клетки стволовых клеток признаются за их замечательную способность к распространению, многолинейной дифференциации и самовосстановлению. Пересадка стволовых клеток представляет собой значительный прогресс в терапевтических стратегиях лечения неврологических расстройст

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… Additionally, it increased the number of BrdU(+)/Dcx(+) neuroblasts, indicating enhanced neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice. 17 The antioxidant properties of melatonin are widely recognized. … role in humans, and the differences between human and animal neurogenesis 25 when addressing it as a mechanism of the MSCs effects. …

The challenge of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment: assessing and managing cognitive decline after cancer treatment.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) refers to a decline in cognitive function in patients during and after cancer treatment and is mainly associated with the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT). As CT is still an essential component in the treatment of many cancers and taking into account the fact that cancer survival rates are increasing, CRCI may negatively impact the quality of life and working capacity of a growing number of individuals, especially those treated with curative intent in conditions such as breast cancer. There is still a need to address several issues related to

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… Targeted therapies Target therapies are also associated with cognitive complaints, possibly related to reduced angiogenesis and reduced cerebral blood flow impacting neurogenesis. … Physical exercise prevents suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and reduces cognitive impairment in chemotherapy-treated rats. Psychopharmacology. 2014;11:2311–2320. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3394-0. 62. Campbell KL, Zadravec K, Bland KA, et al. …

CNS progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes are targets of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo.

BackgroundChemotherapy in cancer patients can be associated with serious short- and long-term adverse neurological effects, such as leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment, even when therapy is delivered systemically. The underlying cellular basis for these adverse effects is poorly understood.ResultsWe found that three mainstream chemotherapeutic agents--carmustine (BCNU), cisplatin, and cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine), representing two DNA cross-linking agents and an antimetabolite, respectively--applied at clinically relevant exposure levels to cultured cells are more toxic for the p

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… Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulates neurogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor with STAT activation. Brain Res. 2006;1073–1074:190–201. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.037. … Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Science. 2003;302:1760–1765. doi: 10.1126/science.1088417. Nagahiro S, Yamamoto YL, Diksic M, Mitsuka S, Sugimoto S, Feindel W. …

Animal models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline in preclinical drug development.

RationaleChemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), chemobrain, and chemofog are the common terms for mental dysfunction in a cancer patient/survivor under the influence of chemotherapeutics. CICI is manifested as short/long term memory problems and delayed mental processing, which interferes with a person's day-to-day activities. Understanding CICI mechanisms help in developing therapeutic interventions that may alleviate the disease condition. Animal models facilitate critical evaluation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and form an integral part of verifying different treatment

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… Impaired neurogenesis In the brain, adult neurogenesis takes place in two critical areas: Subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus Subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and striatum Reduced neurogenesis also plays an essential role in aging and neurodegeneration. … Hippocampus is the primary site of neurogenesis and is involved in neuronal plasticity. …

Возможная роль метаформы и фибробластного роста Factor-21 В Multical Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Common.

Множественный склероз (MS) — прогрессивное демиелинизирующее заболевание CNS, характеризующееся воспалением, образованием CNS-клеров и повреждением нейронной миелинской оболочки (graphical abstract). Фактор роста фибробласта 21 (FGF21) занимается различными метаболическими расстройствами и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. FFF21 и его корецептор β-Kloth имеют существенно важное значение для процесса ремиелиции MS. Метформин, инсулин-сенсибилизирующее лекарство, которое является первой линией лечения для типа 2 Мэлитус диабета (T2DM) может оказывать потенциальное нейрозащитное воздействие, ре

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… FGF21 also attenuates neuroinflammation and promotes neurogenesis in various neurodegenerative diseases including AD and PD (Woodbury and Ikezu  2014 ). … Furthermore, FGF21 improves cognitive function by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse models with traumatic brain injury (Shahror et al.  2020 ). …

A novel SMARCC1 -mutant BAFopathy implicates epigenetic dysregulation of neural progenitors in hydrocephalus.

IMPORTANCE: Hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly, is the most common disorder requiring brain surgery. A few familial f … mutant Xenopus brain exhibited a similarly altered expression of key genes linked to midgestational neurogenesis, including the transcription factors NEUROD2 and MAB21L2 . CONCLUSIONS: SMARCC1 is a bona fide CH risk gene. DNMs in SMARCC1 cause a novel human BAFopathy we term " S MARCC1- a ssociated D evelopmental D ysgenesis S yndrome (SaDDS)", characterized …

Can human fetal cortical brain tissue transplant (up to 20 weeks) sustain its metabolic and oxygen requirements in a heterotopic site outside the brain? A study of 12 volunteers with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Neural and stem cell transplantation is emerging as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases from Parkinson's to Hun … atures of growth of the transplanted cortical brain tissue along with its different components like neurogenesis, gliogenesis, early neovascularisation and angiogenesis, etc. There was also no systemic leucocytosis or lymphocytosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Histological evidence at the transplanted tissue site suggests that fetal cortical brain tissue can s …

Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality.

The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as w

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… Additionally, donor nSCs stimulate endogenous neurogenesis [ 72 , 73 ] as well as angiogenesis [ 74 ]. … Post-stroke neurogenesis and axonal connectivity in the perilesional area promoted motor recovery after the controlled release of BDNF through HA hydrogels [ 206 ]. …

Interferon-Related Depression: A Primer on Mechanisms, Treatment, and Prevention of a Common Clinical Problem.

BACKGROUND: Depression is among the commonest of psychiatric disorders, and inflammatory mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in its pathophysiology. Interferons are a superfamily of proinflammatory cytokines that play a role in host defence mechanisms. Interferons are used in the treatment of a variety of autoimmune (e.g. multiple sclerosis), viral (e.g. chronic hepatitis B and C), and malignant (e.g. malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia) disorders; depression, however, is a notable and clinically troublesome adverse effect. OBJECTIVE: This article seeks to present a simple expla

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… Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-α inhibit neurogenesis by inhibiting neural stem cell differentiation [ 51 , 52 ]. … Administration of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, reversed CNS depression by reversing the effect of IFN-α on hippocampal neurogenesis. …

CD11c + микроглиа: от базовых исследований к клиническому применению.

CD11c + микроглиа - функционально специализированная подгруппа микроглий, играющая ключевую роль в патофизиологических процессах различных заболеваний центральной нервной системы. Этот обзор обобщает убедительные доказательства того, что CD11c + микроглиа демонстрируют уникальные транскриптомные и фигоцитические характеристики. Эти характеристики отличают их от гомеостатической микроглии и поддерживают их специализированные функции. Во время разработки CD11c + микроглиа имеют решающее значение для созревания олигодендроцитов и целостности белой материи, особенно в таких регионах, как corpus ca

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… This type of cells is mainly distributed in the ventral brain region, white matter tract, and hippocampal neurogenesis area. … Regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity In addition to supporting myelin regeneration, CD11c + microglia can also promote neurogenesis and regulate synaptic plasticity. …

Доклад по делу: Существенное сокращение повреждений и структурные нейронные изменения после лечения ибогина при множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — изнуряющее нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся демиэлированием и нейронной потерей. Традиционная терапия часто не может остановить прогрессирование заболеваний или обратный неврологический дефицит. Ибогаин, психоактивный алкалоид, был предложен в качестве потенциального нейрогенеративного агента в силу его многогранного фармакологического профиля. Мы представляем два тематических исследования пациентов MS, которые прошли новое лечение ибогином, высветив значительные нейроимации и клинические улучшения. Пациент А продемонстрировал существенное сокраще

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… Asymmetrical left-side thickening and right-side thinning (cluster 2) were observed in memory and visual processing regions, including the entorhinal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus, possibly indicating neurogenesis and enhanced connectivity. … Conversely, cortical thickening in the PCC and temporal regions indicated potential neurogenesis or enhanced connectivity, which may support improved memory and sensory processing ( 40 ). …

Роль ядерных рецепторов в развитии множественного склероза: обзор.

Множественный склероз (MS) является следствием раннего возбудительного демиэлирования и прогрессивных нейродегенеративных повреждений в центральной нервной системе (КНС). Несмотря на неясный патогенез MS, происходят два основных процесса: ремонт олигодендроцита и липидный метаболизм. Было отмечено, что ядерные рецепторы играют роль линейных датчиков, регуляторов транскрипционных факторов и модуляторов генного выражения. Один из членов этой семьи, ретиноид X-рецептор (RXR), который образует гетеродимерный комплекс с рецептором печени X (LXR), был замешан в патофизиологии MS. Кроме того, было вы

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… A study confirmed that mice with LXRα/β double knockout had some weakness in axonal atrophy and neuronal loss in ventral midbrain neurogenesis (Sacchetti et al. 2009 ). … and Brain Health Supports neuron survival and neurogenesis, particularly in the midbrain LXRα, LXRβ Midbrain neurons 24-OHC, neurotrophic factors Promotes survival and differentiation of neurons Enhances neurogenesis, axonal growth Midbrain neurons Parkinson’s disease, neurodevelopmental disorders Promising …

МикроРНК-219 в центральной нервной системе: потенциальный тераностический подход.

Несмотря на недавние терапевтические достижения в области неврологических расстройств, лечебная терапия во многих случаях остается серьезной проблемой. Несмотря на то, что в последние годы мы стали свидетелями развития генной терапии из различных терапевтических подходов, влияющих на патофизиологические механизмы, существуют интригующие аспекты, касающиеся эффективности, безопасности и механизма действий генной терапии. Микрорибонуклеиновая кислота (микроRNA-miRNA) в качестве основного генного регулятора регулирует рибонуклеиновую кислоту курьера (mRNA) путем прямого соединения через 3'неперев

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… the main neurogenesis sites) in response to neurodegeneration of motor neurons when compared with the control mice. Reportedly, this led to unsuccessful regeneration and neurogenesis in the damaged sites ( 50 51 52 ). … As NSC proliferation and neurogenesis are involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis, miR-219 repression or TLX stimulation were both found to serve as potential therapeutic approaches for treating schizophrenia patients ( 84 ). …

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer globally. While the breast cancer prevalence continues to rise, so too do patient survival rates, thus resulting in a large survivor population. Up to 75% of this population report experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment during their cancer journey, thus reducing their quality of survivorship. This review systematically evaluates the effect of physical activity and exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional, intervention or observational studies that examined the effect of acute or

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… These include the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis, reduced white and grey matter, increased oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation and decreased hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, brain vascularisation and cerebral perfusion [ 11 ]. … In contrast, physical inactivity is associated with decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and a loss of hippocampus volume, as well as decreased neurogenesis in the cerebellum and a loss of grey matter volume and cortical thickness [ 99 ]. …

Effect of physical exercise on cognitive function and brain measures after chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (PAM study): protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

IntroductionAfter treatment with chemotherapy, many patients with breast cancer experience cognitive problems. While limited interventions are available to improve cognitive functioning, physical exercise showed positive effects in healthy older adults and people with mild cognitive impairment. The Physical Activity and Memory study aims to investigate the effect of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and brain measures in chemotherapy-exposed patients with breast cancer with cognitive problems.Methods and analyticsOne hundred and eighty patients with breast cancer with cognitive proble

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… Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is one of the most important proposed mechanisms by which exercise might affect the brain. Since the hippocampus is also associated with memory functioning, our primary outcome is verbal learning and memory. … When neurogenesis encounters aging and disease. Trends Neurosci 2010;33:569–79. 10.1016/j.tins.2010.09.003 29. Ainslie PN, Cotter JD, George KP, et al. Elevation in cerebral blood flow velocity with aerobic fitness throughout healthy human ageing. …