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Autopsy Case of Epstein-Barr Virus-associated T-cell Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder with Mono- and Polymorphic Lesions: Possibility of 'Polymorphic T-cell Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder'.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is predominantly of B cell origin. The concept of clonal evolution from poly- to monoclonal lymphoproliferation has been put forward, but T-cell PTLDs are rare with an unknown etiology. In a unique autopsy case of a 53-year-old man with EBV-associated T-cell PTLD, we observed polymorphic T-cell proliferation across several organs and monomorphic T-cell proliferation in the perforated ileum. Interestingly, both manifestations exhibited identical monoclonal peaks in the T-cell receptor rearrangement polymerase

Post-Transplant CD34+ Selected Stem Cell "Boost" for Mixed Chimerism after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Young Adults with Primary Immune Deficiencies.

Mixed chimerism and eventual graft loss occurs in a proportion of children with primary immune deficiencies receiving alemtuzumab, fludarabine, and melphalan reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We investigated the usefulness of a CD34+ selected stem cell "boost" without conditioning to treat mixed chimerism in children and young adults who received predominantly an alemtuzumab, fludarabine, and melphalan RIC regimen for primary immune deficiencies and reported the outcomes. Patients with a primary immune deficiency dis…

The effect of the dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP) regimen on stem cell mobilization and transplant outcomes of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who are candidates for up-front autologous stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Data on dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP) as a mobilization regimen, compared to high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDC), for up-front autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is limited. METHODS: Consecutive patients with aggressive NHL treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or rituximab-CHOP who underwent chemomobilization using HDC or DHAP plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for up-front ASCT were enrolled from three institutions between 2004 and 2014. RESULTS: Ninety-six pati…

Risk Stratification and Prognosticators of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Study of the Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Although the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) is worse than that of AML not otherwise specified (AML-NOS), transplantation outcomes and prognosticators of AML-MRC patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remain unclear. Transplantation outcomes of AML-MRC (n = 4091) were compared with those of AML-NOS (n = 3964) in patients who underwent allo-SCT between 2003 and 2016 using a nationwide registration database. The 3-year overall survival (OS; 35.5% versus 50.6%) was lower and the relapse (42.3% versus 32.1%) and nonrela…

Selective depletion of ABO-responsive B cells by T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody conjugates for ABOi transplantation.

Organ transplantation is a pivotal treatment for patients with organ failure. ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation, developed to expand the donor pool, presents significant clinical challenges due to preexisting antibodies targeting ABO antigens on donor organs. Current therapies using broad B-cell depletion, such as rituximab, effectively reduce antibody-mediated rejection but increase infection risks. Therefore, there is a critical need for targeted methods to specifically eliminate ABO-responsive B cells. Here, we developed a novel bispecific antibody-ligand conjugate (BiALC) platform de

Molecular Characterization of Mobilized Apheresis Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Designated for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma is the second most common malignancy of the lymphoid system and accounts for about 2% of cancer deaths. Treatment generally consists of chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Clinical trial results are equivocal as to whether autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple myeloma prolongs overall survival. One possible etiology for this conundrum could be that the transplanted autologous stem cells may also contain residual tumor cells/tumor stem cells. METHODS: Residual autologous stem cells from patients undergoing stem cell …

The anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their research progress in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is frequently accompanied by severe inflammation-related complications, among which graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) stands out as one of the most common and life-threatening. As a systemic inflammatory disorder, GVHD arises when donor T cells recognize the recipient's alloantigens and initiate an immune attack. Currently, effective second-line treatment options remain scarce for patients with antibiotic-resistant or steroid-refractory GVHD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic cells widely distributed in fetal and adult tissues and…

Depletion of alloreactive B cells by drug-resistant chimeric alloantigen receptor T cells to prevent transplant rejection.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains a major complication after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Current treatment options are inefficient and result in drastic impairment of the general immunity. To selectively eliminate responsible alloreactive B cells characterized by anti-donor-HLA B cell receptors (BCRs), we generated T cells overcoming rejection by antibodies (CORA-Ts) engineered with a novel chimeric receptor comprising a truncated donor-HLA molecule as antigen recognition domain. As proof-of-concept, CORA receptors based on HLA-A∗02 were developed. In co-cultures with anti-HLA-A

Ex Vivo IL-15-Stimulated NK Cells as Adoptive Cell Therapy in Haploidentical Transplantation for Pediatric Leukemia.

A Phase I/II clinical trial was conducted in pediatric patients with high-risk malignancies to assess the safety and efficacy of NK cell infusion post-haplo-HSCT. Patients received either alloreactive NK cells from KIR/HLA-mismatched donors or IL-15-stimulated NK cells from KIR/HLA-matched donors, across three dose-escalating cohorts. The IL15-NK cell infusion product demonstrated enhanced activating receptor expression and functional capacity. Increased NKG2D expression was observed in NK cells from patients receiving IL15-NK cells. One-year follow-up showed accelerated immune reconstitution

Single-cell transcriptome of retinal myeloid cells in response to transplantation of human neurons reveals reversibility of microglial activation.

The host retinal microglia and macrophage activation remains a major challenge for the integration of donor neurons following transplantation. Previously, we and others have shown that it is possible to increase donor retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival by inhibiting the microglia-RGC interaction with Annexin V or through reprogramming microglia with the soluble Fas ligand. However, the exact mechanisms of the microglia/macrophage activation and their heterogeneity following transplantation remain unknown. To address this question, the donor RGC were differentiated from Brn3b-Tdtomato-Thy1.2

Воздействие остаточных клональных плазменных клеток в фазе S во время аутологической трансплантации стволовых клеток на клинические результаты.

Автологическая трансплантация стволовых клеток (ASCT) является ключевой терапевтической стратегией для многих пациентов, у которых диагностируется миелома (ММ), однако ранние рецидивы после трансплантации остаются серьезной клинической проблемой. Испытание на распространение плазменных клеток (ПХПРО), в ходе которого определяется доля клональных плазменных клеток в костном мозге в фазе S-фазе (S-фаза %), представляет собой масштабируемую альтернативу измерению их скорости распространения по сравнению со старым индексом плазменных клеток (PCLI). Воздействие S-фазы в остаточных клональных плазме

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a key therapeutic strategy for many patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), yet early relapses post-transplant remains a major clinical challenge. The plasma cell proliferation (PCPRO) test, which quantifies the proportion of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow in S-phase (S-phase%) offers a scalable a…

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: recommendations from the EBMT PH&G Committee.

This manuscript provides expert recommendations on the role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), specifically Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS). Critical aspects such as patient selection, timing, and bridging therapy are addressed, as well as donor source, conditioning regimens and post-transplant management. These consensus guidelines are based on a thorough literature review and discussions among leading dermatologists and hematologists. These recommendations aim to harmonise clinical practice towards improving patie…

Cell adhesion and actin dynamics factors promote axonal extension and synapse formation in transplanted Drosophila photoreceptor cells.

Vision is formed by the transmission of light stimuli to the brain through axons extending from photoreceptor cells. Damage to these axons leads to loss of vision. Despite research on neural circuit regeneration through transplantation, achieving precise axon projection remains challenging. To achieve optic nerve regeneration by transplantation, we employed the Drosophila visual system. We previously established a transplantation method for Drosophila utilizing photoreceptor precursor cells extracted from the eye disc. However, little axonal elongation of transplanted cells into the brain, the

Efficacy of Letermovir for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis Following Alemtuzumab T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.

In vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) using alemtuzumab decreases the risk of Graft vs Host Disease (GvHD) in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). However, this approach increases the risk of infections post-allo-HSCT, including Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Letermovir is approved for the use in CMV prophylaxis post-allo-HSCT. Few studies have investigated the efficacy of letermovir in patients receiving alemtuzumab. This is a single-center retrospective study describing our institutional experience using letermovir in recipients of alemtuzumab TCD allo-HSCT from unrelate

CD4+ T cells are the major predictor of HCMV control in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients on letermovir prophylaxis.

INTRODUCTION: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) recipients. Recently, antiviral letermovir prophylaxis during the first 100 days after alloSCT replaced PCR-guided preemptive therapy as the primary standard of care for HCMV reactivations. Here, we compared NK-cell and T-cell reconstitution in alloSCT recipients receiving preemptive therapy or letermovir prophylaxis in order to identify potential biomarkers predicting prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation. METHODS: To that end, the NK-cell and T-cell repert

[Effect of HCMV infection on immune reconstitution of CD8+T cells in children with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for human cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and the impact of human cytomegalovirus infection on post-transplant immune reconstitution. Methods: A Retrospective Co-Hort study design was used to include 81 children treated with allo-HSCT from January 2020 to March 2022 at the Department of Hematology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China, and followed up for 1 year. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect positive detection of HCMV in children after allo-HSCT, multifactorial …

Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Airway Cells on Vitrigel Membrane into Rat Nasal Cavity.

The nasal mucosa functions as a frontline biological defense against various foreign substances and pathogens. Maintaining homeostasis of the nasal epithelium is necessary to promote good health. Nasal epithelia are constantly replaced under normal conditions. However, hereditary diseases, including primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, can result in intractable dysfunction of the nasal mucosa. Since there is no treatment for this underlying condition, extrinsic manipulation is necessary to recover and maintain nasal epithelia in cases of hereditary diseases. In this study, we explor

A New Generation of Cell Therapies Employing Regulatory T Cells (Treg) to Induce Immune Tolerance in Pediatric Transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the most common solid organ transplant and the preferred treatment for pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease, but it is still not a definitive solution due to immune graft rejection. Regulatory T cells (Treg) and their control over effector T cells is a crucial and intrinsic tolerance mechanism in limiting excessive immune responses. In the case of transplants, Treg are important for the survival of the transplanted organ, and their dysregulation could increase the risk of rejection in transplanted children. Chronic immunosuppression to prevent rejection, fo

Long-term Survival after Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease Compared to the United States Population.

Hematopoietic cell transplant for sickle cell disease is curative but is associated with life threatening complications most of which occur within the first 2 years after transplantation. In the current era with interest in gene therapy and gene editing we felt it timely to report on sickle cell disease transplant recipients who were alive for at least 2-year after transplantation, not previously reported. Our objectives were to (1) report the conditional survival rates of patients who were alive for 2 or more years after transplantation (2) identify risk factors for death beyond 2 years after