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Mitochondrial Determinants of Anti-Cancer Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Mitochondria are key organelles for the maintenance of myocardial tissue homeostasis, playing a pivotal role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and thermogenesis, as well as in the regulation of crucial pathways involved in cell survival. On this basis, it is not surprising that structural and functional impairments of mitochondria can lead to contractile dysfunction, and have been widely implicated in the onset of diverse cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and stroke. Several studies support mitochondrial t

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients.

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on t

Management of patients with an electrical storm or clustered ventricular arrhythmias: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC-endorsed by the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Heart Rhythm Society, and Latin-American Heart Rhythm Society.

Electrical storm (ES) is a state of electrical instability, manifesting as recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) over a short period of time (three or more episodes of sustained VA within 24 h, separated by at least 5 min, requiring termination by an intervention). The clinical presentation can vary, but ES is usually a cardiac emergency. Electrical storm mainly affects patients with structural or primary electrical heart disease, often with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Management of ES requires a multi-faceted approach and the involvement of multi-disciplinary teams, but

Resveratrol and Cardiovascular Diseases.

The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic compound notably present in grapes and red wine, has been involved in the "French paradox". RES is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and for its ability to upregulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RES was able to scavenge (•)OH/O₂(•-) and peroxyl radicals, which can limit the lipid peroxidation processes. Moreover, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) under glucose-induced oxidati

Pancytopenia Concurrent With Metabolic Encephalopathy.

Pancytopenia is a decrease in the number of cells in all peripheral blood cell lines and has been associated with anemias, cancers, chemotherapy, infections, and nutritional deficiencies. However, pancytopenia concurrent with encephalopathy is rare and not well-studied. We present a case of pancytopenia concurrent with metabolic encephalopathy. An 81-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department for two weeks of increased fatigue and hypersomnolence. The patient had trouble staying awake during the initial physical exam, and her laboratory results were significant for pancytope

Cardiovascular toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking immunotherapeutic approach, particularly for oncohematological patients who are refractory to conventional treatments. As clinical trials expand the applications of CAR T-cell therapy beyond hematologic malignancies, a critical understanding of its associated toxicities, particularly cardiovascular complications, becomes imperative. This review synthesizes current literature on the interplay between cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and cardiotoxicity related to CAR T-cell therapy, emphasizing the potential severity o

Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research-practice gaps, challenges, and insights.

To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune-based therapeutic modalities of anticancer

Italian Real-Life Experience of Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Treated with Patisiran.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a multisystemic, rare, inherited, progressive and adult-onset disease, affecting the sensorimotor nerves, heart, autonomic function and other organs. The actual scenario of pharmaceutical approaches for ATTRv amyloidosis includes five main groups: TTR stabilizers, TTR mRNA silencers, TTR fibril disruptors, inhibitor of TTR fibril seeding and gene therapy. Patisiran is a small, double-stranded interfering RNA encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle, able to penetrate into hepatocytes, where it selectively targets TTR mRNA, reducing TTR production. We

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Exciting Avenues Beyond Weight Loss.

The last two decades have proffered many remarkable choices in managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Leading the list are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), the first of which, exenatide, was approved by the FDA in 2005. Two other major classes of drugs have also entered the market: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, commonly known as gliptins and approved in 2006, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, with the first approval occurring in 2013. These drugs have revolutionized the treatment of diabetes. Additionally, on the horizon, the once-w

Burden of Disease and Cost of Illness of Overweight and Obesity in Portugal.

IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in the last decades, posing significant health and economic impacts globally. These conditions are related to several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and cancer. This study estimated the disease burden and healthcare costs associated with overweight and obesity in the adult population in mainland Portugal, in 2018.MethodBurden of disease was measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) following Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. DALYs were calculated as the sum of y

Oxidative Stress: Signaling Pathways, Biological Functions, and Disease.

The dysregulated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species disrupts redox homeostasis, triggering oxidative stress (OS) and driving pathophysiological changes across multiple organ systems. OS modulates critical signaling pathways, induces inflammation, impairs mitochondrial function, alters metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulates autophagy, contributing to disease progression. While prior research has largely focused on OS within single-organ diseases (e.g., neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and oncological disorders), the systemic role of OS in pan-organ di

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the cancer patient: from diabetes to cardioprotection and beyond.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a new drug class initially designed and approved for treatment of diabetes mellitus, have been shown to exert pleiotropic metabolic and direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects that extend beyond their glucose-lowering action. These properties prompted their use in two frequently intertwined conditions, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Their unique mechanism of action makes SGLT2i an attractive option also to lower the rate of cardiac events and improve overall survival of oncological patients with preexisting cardiovascu

CSI position statement on management of heart failure in India.

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A bibliometric analysis of light chain amyloidosis from 2005 to 2024: research trends and hot spots.

BackgroundLight chain (AL) amyloidosis stands as the most prevalent subtype of systemic amyloidosis, encompassing a group of rare diseases. Here, we evaluated the scientific landscape of AL amyloidosis to investigate research trends and identify hotspots within the field.MethodsRelevant studies on AL amyloidosis published over the past two decades were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The publications between 2005 and 2024 were subjected to bibliometric analyses, leveraging tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, RStudio and MS Excel to analyse and visualize the annual publicat

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… These include D-dimer ( 33 ), von Willebrand factor (vWF) ( 34 ), red cell distribution width (RDW) ( 35 ), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) ( 36 ), osteopontin ( 37 ), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) ( 38 ), myocardial contraction fraction ( 39 ), left ventricle longitudinal axis strain …

Priorities in Cardio-Oncology Basic and Translational Science: GCOS 2023 Symposium Proceedings: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

Despite improvements in cancer survival, cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity has risen to become a prominent clinical challenge. This has led to the growth of the burgeoning field of cardio-oncology, which aims to advance the cardiovascular health of cancer patients and survivors, through actionable and translatable science. In these Global Cardio-Oncology Symposium 2023 scientific symposium proceedings, we present a focused review on the mechanisms that contribute to common cardiovascular toxicities discussed at this meeting, the ongoing international collaborative efforts to impro

Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy Risk Evaluation in a Cohort of Patients With Heart Failure.

Introduction Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive, infiltrative form of heart failure (HF). Nevertheless, ATTR-CM is a largely underrecognized and misdiagnosed condition. This study's objective was to develop an efficient model to assess the chance of ATTR-CM in patients with HF. Methods This was an observational study of patients with HF who had a confirmed diagnosis of ATTR-CM and those with HF but without known ATTR-CM between January 1, 2019, and July 1, 2021. Patient characteristics were extracted from administrative and claims electronic databases and compared

The Effect of Dexamethasone Treatment on COVID-19 Prognosis in Cancer Patients.

Background: Dexamethasone is used to treat cancer, relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, enhance cancer patients’ appetites, and treat COVID-19 patients. There is little evidence of the impact of a dexamethasone treatment plan on the severity of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients. This study explores whether dexamethasone treatment plan influences the severity of COVID-19 in dexamethasone-treated cancer patients. Methods: The medical records of 108 cancer patients receiving dexamethasone at King Hussein Cancer Center with a COVID-19 infection and 343 without corticosteroid trea

Current Therapies and Future Horizons in Cardiac Amyloidosis Treatment.

Purpose of reviewCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a condition characterized by misfolding and extracellular deposition of proteins, leading to organ dysfunction. While numerous forms of CA exist, two subtypes dominate clinical prevalence: Transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain amyloid.Recent findingsThe current scientific landscape reflects the urgency to advance therapeutic interventions with over 100 ongoing clinical trials. Heart failure treatment is affected by CA phenotype with poor tolerance of otherwise frequently used medications. Treating comorbidities including atrial

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… Stroke volume and myocardial contraction fraction in transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy: A systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1085824. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1085824. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1085824 25. Longhi S, Quarta CC, Milandri A, Lorenzini M, Gagliardi C, Manuzzi L, et al. …

Перепрофилированный активатор Nrf2 диметилфумарат спасает мышцы воспаление и фиброз в отягченной мышиной модели мышечной дистрофии Дученна.

В унаследованных нейромускульных болезнях мышечная дистрофия Дюченна (ДМД) глюкокортикоиды значительно медленнее прогрессируют, но в то же время создают достаточно серьезные побочные эффекты, исключающие применение в значительной части пациентов. Распространяя наши выводы о том, что в результате острого лечения с УЛХ были одобрены многочисленные склерозные препараты, диметилфумарат (ДМФ), спасающая мышечную патологию у молодых мышей Mdx, мы намеревались провести доклиническое тестирование на перевод. Чтобы усилить фенотип болезни у взрослых мышц mdx, у которых обычно нет эквивалентной человече