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[Tuberculosis in tropical Africa. Tuberculosis primary infection: some clinical aspects in tropical Africa].

A review of 140 cases of tuberculous patent primary infections from the hospital of Abidjan University and from an antituberculous unit. The disease begins slowly, general condition is rapidly altered, ventilation troubles are very frequent and so are complications as meningitis and miliary dissemination. In 11,4 p. cent of the cases, measles occurred before the primo-infection. In 38 p. cent of the cases the source of contamination could be identified and in one out of two cases, the mother proved to be responsible for it.

Some clinical data of prognostic importance in protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM).

The mortality rate in 94 children who presented with the classical features of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) during the first six months of 1975 has been subjected to analysis. The prognostic value on mortality of severe body weight deficit and the presence of acute diarrhoeas, electrolyte disturbance and accompanying measles has been shown. The existence of oedema and chronic diarrhoea has no influence on mortality. Similarly, age and the type of PCM could not be implicated as being responsible for the observed mortality.

[The detection of immunoglobulins G to agents of TORCH-infections using technique of multiplex immunoassay on the basis of FOSFANtm technology.].

The immune chip is developed for detecting immunoglobulins G to agents of four infections of TORCH-complex (toxoplasmosis, German measles, cytomegalovirus and herpes viral infections) on the basis of FOSFANtm technology. The sensitivity and specificity of simultaneous detection of IgG on immune chip were comparable with indices of commercial immunoenzyme test-systems, including under analysis of standard panels of serums. This permits considering derived results as a basis for development of commercial multiplex test intended for highly productive screening of TORCH-infections in clinical labo…

Community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Opportunistic infections to consider in differential diagnosis.

Immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for a large group of infections that are either uncommon or much less severe in the immunoco … alis), mycoses (C neoformans), bacteria (P aeruginosa in patients with HIV infection), and viruses (measles virus).

Future vaccines: recent advances and future prospects.

The 20th century has witnessed the introduction of over 20 vaccines that prevent or even conquer diseases such as smallpox, polio, and measles. The continued threat of infectious diseases demands the creation of many more vaccines, especially against common respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens. Thanks to recent advances in molecular biology, immunology, and adjuvant technology, the next decade likely will bring a vaccine for HIV/AIDS also. We enter the 21st century with a tempered optimism, proud of past achievements, but mindful of the challenges that lie ahead.

Microorganisms in the aetiology of atherosclerosis.

Recent publications have suggested that infective pathogens might play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review … deficiency virus, coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and measles virus will be discussed.

[Vaccination of children in 1996].

Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae b and hepatitis B during infancy, as well as the administration of a second dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine around the age of 12, are the significant additions brought to the childhood immunization program in recent years. The availability in the near future of the acellular pertussis vaccines illustrates the efforts made to reduce the side effects associated with the use of some vaccines. The high cost of these acellular vaccines, together with the absence of combined Haemophilus influenzae or hepatitis B vaccines, represent their current limi…

Предотвращение потери слуха во всем мире.

Показатель потери слуха ( >40dB, в среднем 0,5-4 KHz) во всем мире составляет не менее 120 млн. По оценкам, половина этих потерь может быть предотвращена с помощью первичных средств. Они включают генетическое консультирование, более строгий контроль за потреблением ототоксических наркотиков, вакцинацию от распространенных вирусных заболеваний, кори, свинки и отдельных групп населения, краснуху, вакцинацию от менингита, более эффективное лечение острых респираторных инфекций, борьбу с шумом и надлежащее использование средств защиты слуха. Образование отдельных лиц, общин и правительств является

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The prevalence of disabling hearing loss ( >40dB, average 0.5 - 4 KHz) is at least 120 million worldwide. It is estimated that half of this loss is preventable by primary means. These include genetic counselling, stricter supervision of ototoxic drug use, vaccination against common viral diseases, measles, mumps and in selected populations, rubella; vaccinat…

Recurrent outbreaks of childhood diseases revisited: the impact of isolation.

The recurrent outbreaks of measles and other childhood diseases have previously been explained by an interaction of intrinsic epidemiologic forces generating dampened oscillations and of seasonal and/or stochastic excitation. We show that isolation (i.e., sick individuals stay at home and have a reduced infective impact) can create self-sustained oscillations provided that the number of per capita contacts is largely independent of the number of individuals present. This means that the bilinear mass action term for disease incidence is modified by dividing it by the number of nonisolated indiv…

Childhood infections in Nigeria: an autopsy study.

Infections are the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Bronchopneumonia, meningitis and gastroenteritis are the commonest fatal infections encountered in Ibadan. Tuberculous lymphadenitis, bronchopneumonia and meningitis are other frequent causes of death. The predominant sequela of measles is respiratory tract infection. Another important cause of childhood mortality is cerebral malaria. In half of the cases of tetanus no obvious portal of entry can be found. It is advocated that the implementation of immunization schedules should be vigorously pursued …

Prevalence of SSPE: a serological study.

The presence of measles antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 340 samples from children clinically suspected of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were studied. One hundred and thirty eight (40%) of these children had SSPE based on the serological evidence. The mean age group of children affected was 8.2 years. The M:F ratio was 5:1. The titres of antibodies ranged from 1:2 to 1:32 in the CSF and from 1:16 to 1:512 in the serum.

Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss due to mumps.

Viral infections implicated in acute hearing loss include rubella, measles, mumps, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus and influenza. Mumps' deafness is the best documented disorder. We describe a case where bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, following a severe mumps infection at the age of two, remained unnoticed until the age of four when the patient presented with delayed speech and language. This report emphasises the risk of permanent hearing loss as a complication of mumps infection and discusses strategies for early diagnosis and prevention.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Changes on CT scan during acute relapse.

A 19-year-old female patient presented in an acute state of akinetic mutism. Serological analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated the presence of antibodies to measles virus. CT scan carried out during this acute phase of relapse demonstrated white matter enhancement affecting the cortical white matter of the frontal lobes and corpus callosum. These features indicate that active demyelination occurs during acute relapse in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and suggest that immunotherapy should be considered during this acute phase.

Детская слепота от язвы кукурузы в Африке: причины, профилактика и лечение.

Из-за рубцовых шрамов около 70% детей в африканских странах страдают от слепоты. Недавние исследования подтверждают, что инфекция кори является широко распространенным предрасположенным фактором и что недостаток витамина А является причиной большей части двусторонней язвы роговицы. Герпес простейший кератит (порожденный человеческими (альфа) герпесвирусными типами 1 и 2), офтальмия неонатальный офтальм, а также использование традиционных глазных препаратов также являются существенными причинами язвы роговицы у детей в Африке. Обсуждаются стратегии вмешательства, борьба с язвой роговицы у детей

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Corneal scarring is responsible for approximately 70% of blindness in children in African countries. Recent studies confirm that measles infection is a common predisposing factor and that vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the majority of bilateral corneal ulceration. Herpes simplex keratitis (caused by human (alpha) herpesvirus types 1 and 2), ophthalm…

[Antiviral therapy of immunocompromised patients].

For immunocompromised patients virus infections represent a definite risk, particularly infections with measles virus and viruses of the herpes group (primary infections or reactivations). Vidarabine, acyclovir and bromovinyldeoxyuridine are therapeutically active against varicella, zoster, and herpes simplex, provided they are administered early in the course of disease. For zoster at least, the efficacy of interferon has been documented in controlled studies. No convincing therapy is so far available for the severe cytomegalovirus infections. Interferons obtained with DNA recombinant techniq…

Association of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines--laboratory animals study.

The interactions of HB vaccine with other vaccines was studied according to a plan of simultaneous injections on animals in order to ascertain if it would be possible to include HB vaccine in the expanded programmes of vaccination in children in Africa. Investigations were made to discover if the immunogenicity of each vaccine, injected simultaneously with the Hepatitis B vaccine, was at least equal to its immunogenicity when injected alone. The vaccines studied in association with Hepatitis B were: BCG, DPT-Polio or DPT Measles, and Yellow Fever Vaccines.

[Etiology of acquired growth hormone deficiency (author's transl)].

Authors report on 18 patients with growth hormone deficiency acquired during infancy or childhood. In 14 patients pituitary dysfunction was due to a tumor close to the sella turcica and in one to a suprasellar arachnoidal cyst. In two children growth hormone deficiency followed brain trauma. In one child measles and in one primary hyperlipoproteinemia (Type I) are supposed to be the cause of growth hormone deficiency. The results of endocrinological investigations show that growth hormone deficiency in these patients is not due to a primary pituitary but rather to a suprapituitary lesion.

Viral causes of sensorineural hearing loss.

Many viruses, even the common cold, are capable of producing sensorineural hearing loss. Treatment so far available is ineffective in correcting these losses. However, as the technology of vaccination advances, it is hoped that these can be prevented. Poliomyelitis and smallpox have been virtually eliminated from this country. Measles, rubella, and mumps are coming under control. Perhaps in the future we will be able to completely control influenza and the common cold and thus prevent many of the sensorineural hearing losses that we see today.

Severe demyelinating diseases in childhood: a clinicopathological study.

Case reports of six children seen by the author were selected to emphasize that severe demyelinating diseases occur in childhood, even if rarely. Cases include measles encephalitis, acute and chronic, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis, confirmed by pathologic findings, and, finally, a case of multiple sclerosis in a living child. Emphasis is directed to the clinical and pathological findings of demyelinating diseases associated with viral encephalitis caused by rubeola and vaccinia viruses. Photomicrographs illustrate the principal pathologic fin…

Cytomegalovirus complement fixation antibody in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Cytomegalovirus, measles, and adenovirus antibodies were measured in the sera of 92 Guillain-Barré patients and 120 controls. Thirty patients (33 percent) had markedly elevated levels of complement-fixing antibody to cytomegalovirus and in 21, a fourfold or more alteration in titer was demonstrated. Diagnostic falls in titer were seen in most instances and no significant elevation to the other viral agents was found. The serologic findings reported here suggest that cytomegalovirus may be a common agent involved in the pathogenesis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome.