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Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

PURPOSE: Patients managed with trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer remain at risk of intravesical recurrences. This retrospective analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of dose escalation compared with standard-dose radiation therapy, with differentiation between invasive and noninvasive local control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent TMT with contemporary radiation therapy techniques from 2015 to 2025. Patients in the standard-dose cohort received either 55 Gy in 2…

Gynecologic radiation oncology practice: retrospective analysis of a tertiary radiotherapy referral center.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to characterize gynecologic cancers in radiation oncology practice and compare survival outcomes with those reported in countries exhibiting a high or very high human development index. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted involving the medical records of all patients (n = 11,720) treated at our radiotherapy center between January 2012 and December 2022. Of these, 911 women with gynecologic cancers who underwent treatment and follow-up at our center were included in the analysis. Demographic, disease-related, and treatment-related characteristics, as well…

3.75 THz Repetitive Radiation Regulates Collagen Metabolism in Human Fetal Scleral Fibroblasts.

The sclera constitutes a critical structural element of the eyeball, as its biomechanical properties and structural integrity are primarily governed by collagen metabolism. Using a controlled in vitro experimental system, the present study explored the quantitative relationship between exposure duration to terahertz radiation of distinct frequencies (3.10 THz and 3.75 THz) and the transcriptional expression of collagen metabolism-associated genes in human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs). During the 120 min terahertz irradiation exposure, neither of the two frequencies produced significant re…

Ultraviolet radiation exposure and melanoma risk among over 2 million Ontario workers.

This study aimed to examine the association between occupational sun exposure and melanoma risk among a large cohort of 2.4 million workers. These workers were identified through accepted compensation claims, which were linked to cancer records to identify melanoma diagnoses from 1983 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada. An existing job exposure matrix, SUNJEM, was used to estimate occupational solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure as low-intermittent (intermittent/partly shaded exposure), moderate (2 to < 6 h/day), or high (≥6 h/day). The association between occupational solar UVR and melanoma ri…

Chronic Radiation-Induced Wounds: Pathogenesis, Current Therapeutic Strategies, and Emerging Regenerative Approaches.

Radiation-induced chronic wounds remain a major clinical challenge owing to persistent non-healing and progressive tissue degeneration. Rather than simply representing delayed wound repair, they arise from a self-perpetuating pathological cascade involving DNA damage, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell impairment, and fibrosis. Current clinical management remains largely supportive and symptomatic, with limited efficacy and no standardized therapeutic regimens targeting the core pathological mechanisms. Emerging strategies-antioxid…

Osteoradionecrosis After Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy or Proton Therapy in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma.

IMPORTANCE: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a potentially debilitating late complication of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. While proton therapy offers superior dose conformality, its impact on ORN risk remains uncertain, particularly in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). OBJECTIVE: To characterize the incidence, severity, and predictors of ORN in a large institutional cohort of patients with OPSCC treated with curative-intent RT, and to compare outcomes between proton therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANT…

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Mediates 125I-Induced Radiation Colitis via Host Transcriptional Regulation.

BACKGROUND: Iodine-125 (125I) seed therapy is recognized for treating abdominal solid tumors with minimal adjacent tissue damage but may induce radiation colitis when its implantation near colonic tissues, leading to a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the underlying pathogenesis is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investigate the role of gut microbiota and host immune-transcriptional responses in the pathogenesis of 125I-induced radiation colitis. METHODS: We implanted 125I seeds intraperitoneally in mice and assessed colonic damage via histology, TUNEL staining, cytokine a…

De-Escalated Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Patients With HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer.

IMPORTANCE: Standard adjuvant therapy for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) is radiation therapy 60 Gy with or without cisplatin delivered in 30 fractions during 6 weeks. A phase 3 randomized clinical trial demonstrated decreased toxic effects and improved patient-reported outcomes with de-escalated adjuvant radiation therapy (DART) compared with standard therapy; however, outcomes for patients treated in the clinical practice setting following trial adoption remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare characteristics and oncologic outcomes of patient…

Intranasal administration of Aloe-derived nanovesicles attenuates early radiation-induced lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication of thoracic radiotherapy and typically progresses from acute radiation pneumonitis to late-stage pulmonary fibrosis. This study investigated whether intranasally delivered Aloe vera-derived nanovesicles (AVNVs) could attenuate early lung injury following high-dose thoracic irradiation. METHODS: A single-fraction 20 Gy whole-thorax irradiation model was established in C57BL/6 N mice. Mice in the treatment group received intranasal AVNVs at 5 mg kg-1 day-1 for three consecutive days. Histopathological changes were evaluat…

LncDNAH5 Regulates Radiation Therapy-Induced Toxicity via MDM2-Mediated Degradation of TP53BP1.

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) is a primary curative treatment for prostate cancer, but its biophysical effects are not cancer cell-specific, often leading to toxicity in adjacent tissues. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RT-induced toxicities. Specifically, rs7720298, located in intron 30 of the DNAH5 gene, is significantly linked to late urinary toxicity, notably a reduced urinary stream two years post RT compared to baseline. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear…

Radiation-Associated Mesothelioma With Mixed Constrictive-Restrictive Physiology After Mantle-Field Radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Malignant mesothelioma is a rare late complication of thoracic radiotherapy and may contribute to complex cardiothoracic manifes … ading to cardiogenic shock requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. DISCUSSION: Radiation-associated malignant mesothelioma is a rare but challenging late complication of thoracic radiotherapy and may contribute to mixed constrictive-restrictive physiology. TAKE-HOME MESSAGE: Survivors of mantle-field radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma r …

Proton Therapy for Hemithoracic Pleural Irradiation: A Step Toward Safer Radiation Treatment.

PURPOSE: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), thymic malignancies with pleural metastases, and thoracic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with pleural or chest wall involvement are typically aggressive malignancies requiring multimodal therapy. Hemithoracic pleural irradiation has historically been delivered using photon-based intensity-modulated pleural radiation therapy (IMPRINT). Proton-based IMPRINT may reduce dose to critical structures and mitigate toxicity; however, clinical data remain limited. This study evaluates dosimetric parameters and toxicities following intensity-modulated proton ther…

Rectovaginal fistulas after radiation therapy: treatment options and outcomes - a narrative review.

INTRODUCTION: Radiation-induced rectovaginal fistula (RI-RVF) is a severe late complication of pelvic radiotherapy, arising predominantly after treatment for gynaecological malignancy and characterised by fibrosis, ischaemia, impaired healing and poor quality of life. No universally accepted treatment standard exists. METHODS: A structured narrative review searched PubMed and Google Scholar (January 2020-July 2026), with earlier landmark studies identified through reference-list screening; it was not conducted or reported as a systematic review. Eight reviewers screened records singly rather …

Acute Modulation of Arrhythmogenic Ventricular Substrate Following Cardiac Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac stereotactic body radiation therapy (cSBRT) is a noninvasive, investigational treatment for refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). The antiarrhythmic effects and time course of action of cSBRT on abnormal ventricular substrate remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological, molecular, and structural changes following cSBRT in a porcine infarct model. METHODS: Anterior myocardial infarction was created in a porcine model of infarct-related re-entrant VT (n = 8). Swine were randomized to cSBRT (n = 4) or control infarct (n =…

Ультрафиолетовое излучение и нейродегенерация: молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе двойного нейрозащитного и нейротоксичного воздействия.

Ультрафиолетовое излучение имеет сложную, зачастую противоречивую связь с риском/прогрессом нейродегенерации, охватывающую клинически диагностированные заболевания [Заболевания Паркинсона (PD), болезни Альцгеймера (AD), множественный склероз (MS) и амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS)] или промежуточные фенотипы (уменьшенный нейрогенесис, потеря гиппокампального объема). Цель этого обзора заключается в выявлении двойного воздействия УФ-излучения путем сбора и обобщения экспериментальных (доклинических и переводческих) данных, а также эпидемиологических данных. Нынешняя литература демонстрируе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ultraviolet radiation exhibits a complex, often contradictory link to neurodegeneration risk/progression, spanning clinically diagnosed diseases [Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)] or intermediate phenotypes (decreased neurogenesis, loss of hippocampal volume). The aim of this …

Assessing changes in ultraviolet radiation-exposed mouse skin using optical coherence tomography.

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, frequently resulting from excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Early detection and effective prevention of photodamage are important to mitigate the long-term risks of skin cancer. In this study, we investigate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for assessing photodamage over time and the efficacy of photodamage prevention treatments non-invasively. Of the n = 81 hairless mice, 75 of them were exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) three times per week to induce photodamage. Two different systemic photodamage preve…

Compound kushen injection improves radiation enteritis via cannabinoid receptor 1 in rats.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) can alleviate the inflammatory symptoms of radiation enteritis. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the possible targets and mechanisms of CKI in the treatment of radiation enteritis. METHODS: Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential targets of CKI for the treatment of radiation enteritis, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were subsequently performed. SD rats were randomly divided into one of the following groups: control, model, CB1 agonist, CKI and …

Comparison of online adaptation strategies for magnetic resonance guided prostate radiation therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy allows for daily plan adaptation to account for anatomical changes. Two common strategies are adapt-to-position (ATP), involving re-optimization based on isocenter shifts, and adapt-to-shape (ATS), involving full recontouring and reoptimization. This study provides a dosimetric comparison of ATP and ATS using accumulated dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dose accumulation was performed for 35 patients with prostate cancer treated on a 1.5 T MR-Linac. All patients received ATS-based treatment with either 30.0 Gy in 5 fractions (30.0/5) or…

Current Approaches to Radiation Oncology Target Volume Delineation Using PET/Computed Tomography.

PET is a versatile imaging modality widely used in oncology for diagnosing, staging, predicting outcomes, and surveillance for a variety of cancers. In radiation oncology, combining PET and computed tomography imaging can markedly enhance treatment planning through improved target volume delineation. This review examines data and clinical approaches across 3 major cancer types to evaluate the role of PET in target volume delineation, with data and current approaches for thoracic, genitourinary, and head and neck malignancies detailed. Additionally, it emphasizes various practical applications …

Evaluation of Control Arm Quality in Recent Radiation Oncology Randomized Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: For randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide the highest levels of evidence for clinical practice, it is ethically imperative for patients assigned to the control arm to receive standard-of-care treatment. Oncologic medical trials investigating new systemic agents have demonstrated a high proportion of RCTs with inadequate control arms. It is unknown whether this finding is prevalent in oncologic trials investigating radiation therapy (RT) for cancer. METHODS: ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for registered clinical trials investigating RT in patients with cancer from 2013 to …