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Necropsy findings in childhood leukaemia, emphasizing neutropenic enterocolitis and cerebral calcification.

In 50 necropsies on leukaemic children, the major cause of death was infection. In patients dying during therapy for induction or reinduction of remission, the most frequent infection was a distinctive neutropenic enterocolitis or typhlitis. This was seen in 46% of the whole series and was a major factor in the death in 38%. Other infections were predominantly bacterial pneumonia in patients in relapse, and viral disease, e.g. measles pneumonia, in those in remission. One patient treated for meningeal leukaemia showed an unusual linear calcification of the cortical grey matter.

Embryological pigment epithelial dystrophies.

The embryological pigment epithelial dystrophies may be due, although rather rarely, to chemical factors, such as antibiotics and thalidomide, to ionizing radiation and to infectious factors, syphilis or viral infections, such as mumps, measles, varicella, or cytomegalovirus. The most frequent and the most typical dystrophy is, nevertheless, the rubella epitheliopathy with its widespread scattered black pigment deposits, found predominantly in the posterior pole, and its unaffected visual functions. The macular dystrophy associated with deaf-mutism is also often due to a maternal rubella infec…

Vaccine antibody responses in children with inborn errors of metabolism on protein-restricted diets: an overlooked silent risk?

OBJECTIVES: Despite routine vaccination recommendations, concerns remain about vaccine-induced immune responses in some patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Therefore, antibody levels against vaccine antigens should be monitored to detect possible immune dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vaccine antibody responses among children with IEM who have to follow protein restricted diet, and to compare with those in healthy children, and also to identify the factors affecting vaccine antibody responses in these patients. METHODS: Anti-HBs and measles immunoglobulin G …

A rare case of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in southern Iran: diagnostic challenges and review.

BACKGROUND: Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), caused by Rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), is endemic in Mediterranean regions. In non-endemic countries such as Iran, spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses are rarely reported and present significant diagnostic challenges due to overlap with common illnesses like measles and dengue fever. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old man from Hormozgan Province, southern Iran, with diabetes and ischemic heart disease, presented with two weeks of high fever, chills, weakness, maculopapular rash, and severe…

Human and animal morbillivirus strains causing chronic neurological infections share key genotypic and phenotypic traits.

Long-term persistent measles virus (MeV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), an invariably fatal late neurological complication of measles. Analogous SSPE-like chronic diseases have also been reported in adult dogs, cetaceans, and more recently harbor seals following infection by canine distemper virus (CDV), dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), and phocine distemper virus (PDV), respectively. Here, we characterize different animal morbilliviruses (CDVlynx, PDV2001, PDV2014, and DMV232-18) that persisted in the CNS of their respective…

Prioritising communicable disease research in Afghanistan: an application of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology.

INTRODUCTION: Communicable disease control in Afghanistan has deteriorated amid growing fragility, health system disruption and declining international aid since the 2021 regime change. Outbreaks of measles, pertussis, pneumonia, cholera, malaria, dengue, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, tuberculosis and polio continue to plague the population in Afghanistan. This study addresses a critical evidence gap by systematically ranking research priorities for communicable diseases in Afghanistan. METHODS: This study applied the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology, whi…

Associations of Parental Education With Children's Infectious Diseases and Their Mediating Factors: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

BACKGROUND: Parents' educational background is presumed to influence the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in children through their decisions about vaccinations and other family lifestyle choices. Regarding voluntary vaccination, a household's economic situation may also be associated with non-vaccination. Therefore, this study investigated the association between parental education and vaccine-preventable diseases (varicella, mumps, influenza [flu], pertussis, measles, and rubella) in children, which currently remains elusive. METHODS: We used datasets from the Japan Environment and…

The colonial response to the development of disease in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire (ca. 1900-1955): A comparative analysis of British and French colonial health policies.

Using a newly constructed dataset of official morbidity figures based on colonial medical reports, this article studies the British and Fren … nial response developed differently for part of the selected diseases (including sleeping sickness, measles and dysentery). For five commonly prevalent diseases (leprosy, dysentery, measles, gonorrhoea and syphilis) in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire, the results in this article suggest that as of the 1930s, French colonial policymakers recognised their threat, w …

Economic value of pre-travel health interventions for communicable diseases in international travellers.

BACKGROUND: Pre-travel health interventions can reduce the acquisition of communicable diseases and decrease the risk of transmission during or after international travel. We sought to inform policy and research priorities with a scoping literature review of studies that assess the cost-effectiveness of pre-travel interventions. METHODS: We assessed 44 economic evaluation studies published from 1946-2023, regarding pre-travel prevention of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, malaria, rabies, travellers' diarrhoea, cholera, polio, typhoid fever, measles, and Japanese encephalitis. RESULTS: P…

Resurgence of epidemics in Zinder: effect of the decrease in vaccination coverage and the impacts of climate change.

OBJECTIVES: Several epidemic outbreaks have affected the Zinder region. These include diseases targeted by the expanded immunization program and other emerging diseases. This study aimed to analyze these epidemics. METHODS: This is documentary research of the epidemics of meningitis, measles, cholera, COVID-19, and diphtheria, which occurred in the Zinder region from 2015 to 2023, as well as their determinants. The data collection is made from the linear list of notifiable diseases of the Regional Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene of Zinder, associated with literature review on the det…

Use of mobile medical teams to fill critical gaps in health service delivery in complex humanitarian settings, 2017-2020: a case study of South Sudan.

The vulnerable populations in the protracted humanitarian crisis in South Sudan are faced with constrained access to health services and fre … Ts for 2017 through 2020. Achievements: the eMMTs investigated disease outbreaks including cholera, measles, Rift Valley fever and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 13 counties, conducted mobile outreaches in emergency locations in 38 counties (320,988 consultations conducted), trained 550 healthcare workers including rapid response teams, and supported r …

Comprehensive surveillance data suggest a prominent role of parvovirus B19 infection in Belarus and the presence of a third subtype within subgenotype 1a.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is not notifiable in Belarus and its most common clinical presentation erythema infectiosum (EI) is often difficult to distinguish from other exanthematous diseases. The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive data about EI epidemiology in Belarus based on the serological and molecular investigation of samples from measles and rubella discarded cases collected between 2005 and 2019. Overall, 4919 sera were investigated for IgM antibodies against B19V and the positive cases were analysed according to year, season and age. B19V DNA was amplified…

Immunogenicity of Viral Vaccines in the Italian Military.

Military personnel of all armed forces receive multiple vaccinations and have been doing so since long ago, but relatively few studies have investigated the possible negative or positive interference of simultaneous vaccinations. As a contribution to fill this gap, we analyzed the response to the live trivalent measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), the inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV), the inactivated trivalent polio, and the trivalent subunits influenza vaccines in two cohorts of Italian military personnel. The first cohort was represented by 108 students from military schools and the second by 72 …

Rubella IgM epidemiology in the pre-rubella vaccination era in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Control of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome using vaccination has shown great success in the America's. Uganda is due to introduce the Rubella vaccine however the magnitude of transmission is not well documented. Therefore this study was done to determine IgM sero-prevalance for Rubella in order to help monitor vaccine effectiveness post introduction of the vaccine in routine vaccination programme. METHODS: A retrospective review of suspected measles cases data for the reporting period January 2007 to December 2016 in Uganda was Done. rubella IgM testing was done on 15,296 …

Compliance with the guidelines on recommended immunization schedule in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: implications on public health policies.

BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing opportunistic infections due to either the disea … ommended immunization schedule". Variables were sex, age, residence, diagnosis, vaccination against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, tetanus-diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcus, meningococcus C, hepatitis B, and hepatitis A. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. For the data analysis, mean (standard deviation), prevalence with 95% confide …

Evolution between 2008 and 2018 of mothers' perception regarding vaccination and infant vaccine coverage in France.

OBJECTIVE: Monitoring of vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) is essential to assess the implementation of a country's vaccine policy and its e … gh for diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, pertussis and pneumococcus components and progressed for measles, mumps rubella, 2 doses at 24 months of age from 45.3% in 2008 to 81.0% in 2018, hepatitis B (HepB) complete primovaccination at 6 months of age from 45.9% in 2008 to 86.3% in 2017 and 95.5% in 2018, and meningococcus C (MenC) 1 dose at 6 months of …

Mumps clinical diagnostic uncertainty.

BACKGROUND: During recent years, various mumps outbreaks have occurred among populations vaccinated for mumps worldwide. In Italy, improving routine coverage with two doses of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is one of the key strategies to eliminate measles and rubella. To monitor the effect of the vaccination programme on the population, the surveillance of these vaccine-preventable diseases has been implemented. This provided the opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of those diseases, including mumps. In fact, vaccinated children may develop a variety of di…

Noma: Overview of a Neglected Disease and Human Rights Violation.

Noma is an orofacial gangrene affecting malnourished children and mainly observed in tropical countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiological data on noma are scarce, but a current estimate of the global incidence is 30,000-40,000 cases per year, with a mortality rate of approximately 85% and a burden of disease calculated to be a loss of 1-10 million disability-adjusted life years. The etiology of noma is multifactorial with malnutrition as an ever present factor, often in combination with concomitant diseases, such as measles, malaria, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and …

Расширенная программа иммунизации в странах Карибского бассейна, говорящих на английском и голландском языках (1977 - 2016 годы): причины ее успеха.

2017 год знаменует собой 40-й год создания Расширенной программы иммунизации (РПИ) Панамериканской организацией здравоохранения (ПАОЗ), региональным отделением Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) в Северной и Южной Америке, первым регионом ВОЗ, в котором были зарегистрированы случаи ликвидации полиомиелита (1994 год), кори (2016 год) и краснухи и врожденного синдрома краснухи (2015 год). Английский и голландский субрегион Карибского бассейна Северной и Южной Америки проложил путь к ликвидации этих заболеваний. В настоящем докладе освещаются новаторские стратегии, используемые в этом су

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The year 2017 marks the 40th year of the establishment of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the regional office of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Americas, the first WHO region certified as eliminating poliomyelitis (1994), measles (2016), and rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) (…

Expansion of Vaccination Services and Strengthening Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance in Haiti, 2010-2016.

Following the 2010 earthquake, Haiti was at heightened risk for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) outbreaks due to the exacerbation of long-standing gaps in the vaccination program and subsequent risk of VPD importation from other countries. Therefore, partners supported the Haitian Ministry of Health and Population to improve vaccination services and VPD surveillance. During 2010-2016, three polio, measles, and rubella vaccination campaigns were implemented, achieving a coverage > 90% among children and maintaining Haiti free of those VPDs. Furthermore, Haiti is on course to eliminate mater…