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Multiple Myeloma: A Review of the Literature and a Case Report Highlighting the Immunocompromised State of Myeloma Patients.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy involving plasma cells, disproportionately affects older adults with an average age of diagnosis of about 70 years. Oftentimes, the therapies used in the treatment of MM are associated with a risk for immunotoxicity, lowering the ability of the immune system to fight off opportunistic infections. This is an important relationship for clinicians to realize as the incidence of opportunistic infections in myeloma patients is increasing. As an example, we present a case of a patient with MM who subsequently developed a cryptococcal infection. Our paper will high

Osteoporosis Drug Treatment Update.

The Brazilian population is aging and the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, including osteoporosis, is increasing. The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis have made significant advances in the last decade. The orthopedist and traumatologist can no longer be detained only in the surgical treatment of osteoporotic fracture. It is extremely important that we know: 1) what risk factors to evaluate, and the Fracture Risk Assesment Tool (FRAX) can be used; 2) which complementary tests should be requested, such as densitometry, radiography of the spine and pelvis, blood and urine tests

Reporting guidelines for oncology research: helping to maximise the impact of your research.

Many reports of health research omit important information needed to assess their methodological robustness and clinical relevance. Without clear and complete reporting, it is not possible to identify flaws or biases, reproduce successful interventions, or use the findings in systematic reviews or meta-analyses. The EQUATOR Network (http://www.equator-network.org/) promotes responsible reporting and the use of reporting guidelines to improve the accuracy, completeness, and transparency of health research. EQUATOR supports researchers by providing online resources and training. EQUATOR Oncology

Acute kidney injury in the patient with cancer.

Dramatic advances in the care of patients with cancer have led to significant improvement in outcomes and survival. However, renal manifestations of the underlying cancer as well as the effects of anti-neoplastic therapies leave patients with significant morbidity and chronic kidney disease risks. The most common renal manifestations associated with cancer include acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of multiple myeloma, tumor lysis syndrome, post-hematopoietic stem cell therapy, and AKI associated with chemotherapy. Knowledge of specific risk factors, modification of risk and careful atte

Integrative Hematology: State of the Art.

Blood cancers are a group of diseases with thus far frequently poor prognosis. Although many new drugs, including target therapies, have been developed in recent years, there is still a need to expand our therapeutic armamentarium to better deal with these diseases. Integrative hematology was conceived as a discipline that enriches the patient's therapeutic possibilities with the use of supplements, vitamins and a nutritional approach aiming at improving the response to therapies and the clinical outcome. We will analyze the substances that have proved most useful in preclinical and clinical s

Current and future role of carfilzomib-based quadruplet combinations as therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

The treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) has advanced rapidly in recent years, with the standard of care (SOC) now including not only triplet combinations of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory agents, and steroids but also quadruplet combinations that add the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies isatuximab (Isa) or daratumumab (D) to a triplet backbone. In addition to the widely used bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRd) combination, an alternative triplet option that can be considered is the combination of the second-generation PI carfilzomib (K) with lenalidomide-

T-cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives.

T-cell engagers (TCEs) are a rapidly evolving class of cancer immunotherapies that redirect cytotoxic T cells to tumor-associated antigens independently of MHC presentation. This review outlines the development, structural formats, and therapeutic potential of various TCE platforms, including bispecific (BiTEs) and trispecific T-cell engagers (TriTEs), dual affinity re-targeting (DART), and other emerging formats. We also highlight the clinical success in treating hematologic malignancies as demonstrated by agents such as blinatumomab and teclistamab. We also discussed the ongoing challenges i

Efficacy, safety and economy of denosumab and zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases of solid tumors and multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive comparison of the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors and multiple myeloma.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and major Chinese databases was performed for studies published up to 30 September 2025. Eligible evidence included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and pharmacoeconomic analyses. Random-effects models were applied for quantitative synthesis. The certainty of evidence for key outcomes was assessed using the GRADE framewo

Pancreatic cancer: chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Pancreatic cancer in many cases appears in a non-curatively resectable stage when the diagnosis is made. Palliative treatment become an option in the patients with advanced stage. The present article reviewed chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various advanced stage of pancreatic cancer.

Терапевтический потенциал каннабиноидов в неврологических условиях: систематический обзор клинических испытаний.

ВЕРВЬЮ: Каннабиноиды стали уделять все больше внимания своему терапевтическому потенциалу в лечении нескольких неврологических заболеваний, включая нейродегенеративные заболевания, хроническую боль и эпилепсию. Целью этого обзора является оценка текущих клинических испытаний каннабиноидов, главным образом тетрагидроканнабинола и канабидиола, на предмет неврологических расстройств. Цель этого обзора будет заключаться в том, чтобы подчеркнуть эффективность, безопасность и конечный результат этих испытаний. МЕТОДЫ: Клинические испытания проводились с использованием методов клинического производст

Multiple myeloma, IL6, and risk of schizophrenia: A Mendelian randomization, transcriptome, and Bayesian colocalization study.

Numerous clinical studies speculated the association between multiple myeloma (MM) and inflammatory diseases; however, there is limited validation of these claims via establishing a causal relationship and revealing the underlying mechanism. This exploratory study employed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationships between MM and inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, asthma, ankylosing spondylitis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type II di

Скрининг на рак цветов у лиц с множественным склерозом: исследование по смешанным методам.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Лица с множественным склерозом (pwMS) имеют более низкий, по сообщениям, риск рака цвета кожи, что может отражать ограниченный доступ к скринингу рака цвета кожи (CCS). ЦЕЛИ: Сопоставление УХУ в ПМС и населения в целом и выявление барьеров и посредников с использованием смешанных методов. МЕТОДЫ: 2022-2024, старость PwMS 50-74 годы и соответствующие меры контроля3::1) были выбраны. Были рассчитаны общие и возрастные показатели охвата УХУ. В PCMS мультивариантные модели материально-технического обеспечения выявили факторы, связанные с УХУ ⩾ 80%. Были проведены полуструктурированные со

One step further in targeting acute leukemia by combining antibody-based immunotherapies and small molecule inhibitors.

BackgroundAcute leukemia is a bone marrow-related disease characterized by fast progression and the production of immature blood cells rather than normal ones that are classified as either acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chemotherapy as a conventional treatment has many side effects, thus new medications that target intracellular molecules and cell surface markers on leukemic cells have been developed in the last decades.Main bodyThis review focuses on antibody-based targeted treatments, which so far, have been shown to improve the treatment outcomes, includ

Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Medullary and Extramedullary Plasma Cell Dyscrasias.

Background: Extramedullary plasma cell (PC) disorders may occur as extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma (MM-EMD) or as primary extramedullary plasmocytoma (pEMP)/solitary osseous plasmocytoma (SOP). In this study, we aimed to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms of extramedullary spread of clonal PC. Methods: Clinical and biological characteristics of 87 patients with MM-EMD (n = 49), pEMP/SOP (n = 20) and classical MM (n = 18) were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry (CXCR4, CD31, CD44 and CD81 staining) and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin staining combined with fluorescence in s

Novel therapeutic strategies targeting resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies: from BCL2 inhibition to immunomodulatory approaches.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM), are characterized by high relapse rates due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Resistance mechanisms often involve dysregulation of apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family overexpression, and immune evasion through microenvironment modulation. PURPOSE: This review synthesizes recent advances (2020-2025) in therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms, focusing on BCL2 inhibition and immunomodul

Воздействие ухудшения состояния здоровья на качество жизни людей с множественным склерозом: объединение функциональных систем и значений индекса EQ-5D-5L в рамках перекрестного исследования.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (МС) приводит к физическим и когнитивным расстройствам, которые негативно сказываются на качестве жизни, связанной со здоровьем (HRQOL). Неизвестно, в какой степени последствия нарушений, связанных с MS, для HRQoL отражены в оценках функциональных систем (FS) Расширенной шкалы взносов для инвалидов (EDSS) и индексах EQ-5D-5L. МЕТОДЫ: В рамках этого межсекционального, одноцентрального когортного исследования были приняты на работу лица, имеющие MS (PwMS), посещающие амбулаторную клинику в германской университетской больнице. Опустынивание оценивалось с помощью оц

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… Moreover, 95%-CI of this FS included values of minimal clinically important difference reported for a German population [ 29 ]. A VIF of 3.095 for the cerebellar FS and VIFs below 3 for all other predictors indicated that no substantial collinearity was present among the variables. …

Осуществление инициативы по осуществлению программы обеспечения безопасности для мониторинга вливания заболеваний, изменяющего методы лечения множественных склерозов.

ЦЕЛЬ: Определение эффективности программы обеспечения безопасности, предназначенной для контроля за лечением впрыскивания (ДМТ), предписанной в отношении множественных склерозов (МС). СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Высокоэффективные ДМТ, основанные на вливании, представляют собой значительный прогресс в лечении НР. Однако безопасное управление требует тщательного контроля. Несоблюдение требований в отношении контроля за безопасностью может привести к осложнениям, связанным с ДМТ. МЕТОДЫ: Навигатор по технике безопасности изучил карты для вливания пациентов ДМТ в период с ноября 2020 года по декабрь 20

Characterizing the Patient Journey in Multiple Myeloma: Qualitative Review.

BACKGROUND: The patient experience of multiple myeloma (MM) is multifaceted and varies substantially between individuals. Current published information on the patient perspective and treatment of MM is limited, making it difficult to gain insights into patient needs regarding the condition. OBJECTIVE: In this review, a combined research method approach (ie, the review of published literature and social media posts) was undertaken to provide insight into patients' perspectives on the burden and treatment of MM, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of MM on caregivers of patients

The application, safety, and future of ex vivo immune cell therapies and prognosis in different malignancies.

IntroductionImmunotherapy has revolutionized how cancer is treated. Many of these immunotherapies rely on ex vivo expansion of immune cells, classically T cells. Still, several immunological obstacles remain, including tumor impermeability by immune cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Logistically, high costs of treatment and variable clinical responses have also plagued traditional T cell-based immunotherapies.MethodsTo review the existing literature on cellular immunotherapy, the PubMed database was searched for publications using variations of the phr

Bispecific antibodies and nanotechnology: a strategic alliance in cancer immunotherapy.

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), designed to recognize two distinct antigens or epitopes, enable innovative mechanisms of action for emerging generations of cancer immunotherapies. Despite their potential, bsAb therapeutics face several challenges related to their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, which often result in a suboptimal efficacy/toxicity balance. Starting with a brief description of the relevance of bsAbs in cancer immunotherapy, this review aims to critically analyze the synergistic potential of nanotechnology and bsAb technology oriented to enhance therapeutic efficiency while