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Mechanisms of bone pain: Progress in research from bench to bedside.

The field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with va

От Мауса к разуму: Нервозность роли орального микробиома в орофациальной боли и нейродегенерации.

Человеческая пероральная полость содержит разнообразный и динамичный микробиом, состоящий более чем из двух микробиомов. 700 Микробные виды, которые играют решающую роль в поддержании перорального и системного здоровья. Оральный дисбиоз, определяемый как нарушение этого микробного баланса, все чаще проявляется не только в периодонных заболеваниях, но и в патогенезе ородовой боли и нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Были предложены ключевые патогены, такие, как Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola и Fusobacterium нуклеатум, для высвобождения вирулентных факторов, включая липополисакчари

Keyword Index for Volume 100

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The Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncology and the Occurrence of AKI: Where Do We Stand?

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel class of immunotherapy drugs that have improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as metastatic melanoma, non-small lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma. These humanized monoclonal antibodies target inhibitory receptors (e.g. CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3) and ligands (PD-L1) expressed on T lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells and tumor cells and elicit an anti-tumor response by stimulating immune system. Nevertheless, the improved overall survival is complicated by the manifestation of Immune-related Adverse Effects (irAEs). During treat

Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Following High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Pediatric Patient With Neuroblastoma.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder most often recognized as a pulmonary manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Its occurrence following autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) is exceedingly rare, and its clinical features and prognosis remain poorly defined. We report the case of a five-year-old girl with neuroblastoma who developed BOS after high-dose chemotherapy with thiotepa and melphalan followed by auto-HSCT. Respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea, wheeze, and oxygen desatu

Keyword Index for Volume 106

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Proceedings of the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS) 17th Annual Teaching Course : Berlin, Germany. 02 - 04 October 2017

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Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Effects of brain radiation can be focal or diffuse and are influenced by different factors such as patient age, cumulative dose of irradiation, type of irradiation (i.e. accelerated vs hyperfractionated, photon vs proton therapy), duration of exposure and association with chemotherapy. …

Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy.

As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovere

Amyloidosis: a case series and review of the literature.

BackgroundSystemic amyloidosis is group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of insoluble proteins in tissues. The most common form of systemic amyloidosis is light chain amyloidosis, which results from the accumulation of misfolded immunoglobulins. The disease is progressive, with treatment targeted at the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Since essentially any organ system can be affected, the presentation is variable and delays in diagnosis are common. Given this diagnostic difficulty, we discuss four different manifestations of light chain amyloidosis.Case presentationsIn this ca

Alendronate-coated long-circulating liposomes containing 99mtechnetium-ceftizoxime used to identify osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis is a progressive destruction of bones caused by microorganisms. Inadequate or absent treatment increases the risk of bone growth inhibition, fractures, and sepsis. Among the diagnostic techniques, functional images are the most sensitive in detecting osteomyelitis in its early stages. However, these techniques do not have adequate specificity. By contrast, radiolabeled antibiotics could improve selectivity, since they are specifically recognized by the bacteria. The incorporation of these radiopharmaceuticals in drug-delivery systems with high affinity for bones could improve the

The Gut-Bone Marrow Axis: Deciphering the Mechanistic Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Hematopoietic Homeostasis and Disorders.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a dynamic endocrine-like microbial network that exerts systemic effects far beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence supports the existence of a "gut-bone marrow axis" through which gut-derived signals orchestrate hematopoietic homeostasis. However, shifting from correlative observations to causal mechanisms remains a major challenge in defining precise microbial impacts on hematopoietic outcomes. In this review, we systematically synthesize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which microbial products-specifically short-

Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: An Up-to-Date Overview

During the last decades, the effort of establishing satisfactory biomarkers for multiple sclerosis has been proven to be very difficult, due to the clinical and pathophysiological complexities of the disease. Recent knowledge acquired in the domains of genomics-immunogenetics and neuroimmunology, as well as the evolution in neuroimaging, has provided a whole new list of biomarkers. This variety, though, leads inevitably to confusion in the effort of decision making concerning strategic and individualized therapeutics. In this paper, our primary goal is to provide the reader with a list of the

The Use of Extracorporeal Organ Support Therapies for Acute Kidney Injury in Cancer Patients.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication in patients with cancer, associated not only with increased morbidity and mortality, but also with the interruption or modification of anticancer therapy. In critically ill patients with cancer, AKI arises from a complex interplay of cancer-related, treatment-related, and patient-related factors, with many patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). This narrative review summarizes the etiology of AKI in patients with cancer and discusses the role of extracorporeal organ supp

Latest Advancements in the Management of H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Narrative Review.

Despite recent advancements in radiotherapy for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), the prognosis of this disease remains poor, highlighting the need for new treatment strategies to improve outcomes. Adding stereotactic biopsy to the diagnostic process for children with DIPG has been crucial in improving the management of this disease. Indeed, the discovery of the H3K27M mutation as a key driver of DIPG has led to the development of new drugs that are more effective than traditional ones. These include nimotuzumab (an anti-EGFR drug) and vinorelbine (a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid) in com

Lipid nanoparticles for targeted siRNA delivery - going from bench to bedside.

This review covers the basic aspects of small interfering RNA delivery by lipid nano-particles (LNPs) and elaborates on the current status of clinical trials for these systems. We briefly describe the roles of all LNP components and possible strategies for their improvement. We also focus on the current clinical trials using LNP-formulated RNA and the possible outcomes for therapy in the near future. Also, we present a critical analysis of selected clinical trials that reveals the common logic behind target selection. We address this review to a wide audience, especially to medical doctors who

Postoperative External Beam Versus Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy as Adjuvant to Surgically Treated Spinal Metastases.

Study DesignRetrospective cohort.ObjectivesWith rising cancer rates and survival, effective palliative treatments are crucial. For decades, conventional external beam RT (cEBRT) has been the standard for palliation but is dose-limited. The efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy for spinal metastases with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in direct comparison to cEBRT remains understudied. We aim to compare clinical outcomes after treatment with cEBRT or SBRT for patients with spinal metastases.MethodsEligible patients included those who received palliative RT with cEBRT or SBRT betwee

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Participants with missing RT data or who received only pre-operative RT were excluded, as were patients treated with proton therapy or definitive RT for primary bone tumors ( Figure 1 ). Figure 1. Sample population for retrospective analysis. …

Analysis of the time-to-onset of osteonecrosis of jaw with bisphosphonate treatment using the data from a spontaneous reporting system of adverse drug events.

BackgroundBisphosphonates (BPs) are potent antiresorptive agents used to treat osteoporosis and the complications associated with malignant bone metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. In particular, we focused on the time-to-onset profile of BRONJ.FindingsWe analyzed reports of BRONJ in the JADER database and calculated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) of BPs potentially associated with BRONJ. We applied the weibull shape parameter to time-to-event da

Ограниченная добавленная ценность систематического МРТ спинного мозга и МРТ головного мозга только для классификации пациентов с MS как активных или неактивных во время последующих действий.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Вопрос о полезности систематического МРТ по спинному мозгу (SC) для мониторинга деятельности по болезням после диагностирования множественных склерозов (MS) остается предметом обсуждения. ЦЕЛИ: Оценить частотность заболеваний при рассмотрении МРТ мозга в сравнении как с МРТ мозга, так и с МРТ СК и выявить факторы, связанные с возникновением новых повреждений КЦ. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели ретроспективный анализ клинических и визуализированных данных, собранных в будущем 5 годы в рамках когортного исследования ЭМИСЕП. Всего 221 интервалы (как в мозге, так и в спинном мозге) 2 пос

Keyword Index for Volume 111

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Safety and efficacy of antigen-specific therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis: Systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antigen-specific tolerance-inducing therapeutic approaches (products based on peptides, DNA and T cells) versus placebo or other comparators, where possible, in adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for published and unpublished studies. Screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction for included studies were carried out by two independent reviewers. For effi