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Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Remifentanil-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats by Modulating the P2 X 4/BDNF Pathway.

In the clinical settings, patients often develop opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) after utilization of high dose intra-operative remifentanil. It is widely considered that systemic α2 agonists, including dexmedetomidine (DEX), have the potential to mitigate postoperative pain and minimize the needs for opioid, thus leading to a decrease in the incidence of hyperalgesia. However, the regulating method remains ambiguous. Recent studies have shown that DEX can alleviate spinal nerve injury via regulating P2 X 4. Although the effects of DEX on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) have been pre

Electroacupuncture Relieves Fibromyalgia Pain in a Female Mouse Model by Augmenting Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression and Suppressing Astrocyte and Microglial Activation in Nociceptive Pathways.

Background/Objectives: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome with unclear etiology, meaning that it is difficult to treat effectively. The stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) suppresses neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in nociceptive pathways via reducing activity in the calcium channel and promoting the opening of the potassium channel. Methods: In this study, we examined whether CB1 activity contributes to the antinociceptive efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in a mouse fibromyalgia (FM) pain model established using intermittent cold stress (ICS). The model mice de…

Neuronal Network Activation Induced by Forniceal Deep Brain Stimulation in Mice.

Background: The fimbria-fornix is a nerve fiber bundle that connects various structures of the limbic system in the brain and plays a key role in cognition. It has become a major target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat memory impairment in both dementia patients and animal models of neurological diseases. Previously, we have reported the beneficial memory effects of chronic forniceal DBS in mouse models of intellectual disability disorders. In Rett syndrome and CDKL5 deficiency disorder models, DBS strengthens hippocampal synaptic plasticity, reduces dentate inhibitory transmission or

Calcium-Binding Proteins and Melatonin Receptors in the Central Auditory System of Aged Rats.

INTRODUCTION: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a multifactorial disorder due to impairment in the peripheral or central auditory pathway (CAP). CAP impairment refers to difficulties in speech understanding, particularly in the presence of background noise, problems in discrimination, and integrating and separating binaural auditory information. Changes in CAP mechanisms, such as neurotransmitters or ion movement, may correlate with this impairment. The regulation of calcium (Ca2+) concentrations by Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) is critical for synaptic function and plasticity, and changes ar

Доклиническое воздействие длительного интермитирования в животной модели развития патологии множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой хроническое, иммунопосредованное неврологическое расстройство, которое затрагивает многих людей во всем мире с заметным преобладанием женщин. MS характеризуется демиэлизацией в центральной нервной системе (CNS), что приводит к поврежденной синаптической трансмиссии и широкому спектру неврологических симптомов, включая визуальные нарушения, дисфункцию двигателя, когнитивное расстройство и вертиго. Патофизиология MS включает в себя автореактивные белые кровяные клетки, нападающие на миелиновую оболочку, что приводит к образованию повреждений и прогре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurological disorder that affects many individuals globally, with a marked female predominance. MS is characterized by demyelination within the central nervous system (CNS), leading to impaired synaptic transmission and a wide range of neurological symptoms, including visual disturbances, motor dysfuncti…

Brain incoming call from glia during neuroinflammation: Roles of extracellular vesicles.

The functionality of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on the connection, integration, and the exchange of information among neural cells. The crosstalk among glial cells and neurons is pivotal for a series of neural functions, such as development of the nervous system, electric conduction, synaptic transmission, neural circuit establishment, and brain homeostasis. Glial cells are crucial players in the maintenance of brain functionality in physiological and disease conditions. Neuroinflammation is a common pathological process in various brain disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseas…

Genetic mechanisms underlying local spontaneous brain activity in episodic migraine.

Advances in neuroimaging techniques during the past few decades have captured impaired functional brain activity in migraine disorders, yet … < 0.05/5,013, Bonferroni corrected). These genes were mainly enriched for transcription regulation, synaptic transmission, energy metabolism, and migraine disorders. Furthermore, the neural activation was positively correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) scores. To test the stability of our results, we repeated our procedure by using ALFF and fALFF an …

Agents at the Peak of US FDA Approval for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Where Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a global health issue, the present anti-AD medications have also been exposed to produce only symptomatic outcomes. The pathological factors, like neuronal transmission impairment, amyloidal-tau constituents, oxidative damage, neuro-inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, infectious agents, and impairment of gut microbiota and vitamins' levels; all favor the disease's progression and sustainability. The researchers have investigated several drugable molecules against these factors; however, no treatment could have been discovered yet to prevent the diseas

Functional connectivity analyses of individual hippocampal subregions in major depressive disorder with electroconvulsive therapy.

BACKGROUND: The hippocampus has been widely reported to be involved in the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). All the previous researches adopted group-level hippocampus subregions atlas to investigate abnormal functional connectivities in MDD in absence of capturing individual variability. In addition, the molecular basis of functional impairments of hippocampal subregions in MDD remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to reveal functional disruptions and recovery of individual hippocampal subregions in MDD patients before and after ECT and linked these functional connectivity d

The Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus and Its Projections in Regulating Reward and Context Associations.

The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a brain region that mediates aversive and reward-related behaviors as shown in animals exposed … lectrophysiology, we found that bath-perfused morphine (10 µM) significantly reduced PVT excitatory synaptic transmission on both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the NAcSh, but that inhibiting PVT afferents in the NAcSh was not sufficient to evoke CPP.

Rhoifolin, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether and agathisflavone prevent amnesia induced in scopolamine zebrafish (Danio rerio) model by increasing the mRNA expression of bdnf, npy, egr-1, nfr2α, and creb1 genes.

The increasing attention towards age-related diseases has generated significant interest in the concept of cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Certain limitations are associated with the current therapies, and flavonoids have been reported to exhibit multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this study, we performed an initial in silico predictions of the pharmacokinetic properties of three flavonoids (rhoifolin, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether and agath

Genetic factors and symptom dimensions associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes: clues for new potential therapeutic targets?

Treatment response and resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD) show a significant genetic component, but previous studies had limited … veral significant loci, genes, and gene sets involved in gene expression, immune system regulation, synaptic transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis and differentiation. Nine symptom dimensions were associated with poor treatment outcomes and studied by previous GWASs (anxiety, neuroticism, anhedonia, cognitive functioning, melancholia, suicide attempt, psychosis, sl …

Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency impairs Purkinje cell development and survival in a mouse model of infantile hypophosphatasia.

Loss-of-function mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene can result in hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inherited mul … its were accompanied by abnormal Purkinje cell morphology and dysregulation of genes that regulates synaptic transmission, cellular growth, proliferation, and death. In conclusion, inactivation of TNAP via gene deletion causes developmental delays, sensorimotor impairment, and Purkinje cell maldevelopment. These results shed light on a new perspective of cerebellar dys …

Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors: guardians against excitotoxicity in ischemic brain injury, with implications for neonatal contexts.

The group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), comprising mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8, offer neuroprotective potential in mitigating excitotoxicity during ischemic brain injury, particularly in neonatal contexts. They are G-protein coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and reduce neurotransmitter release, mainly located presynaptically and acting as autoreceptors. This review aims to examine the differential expression and function of group III mGluRs across various brain regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, with a special focus on the neonatal st

Single-dose methamphetamine administration impairs ORM retrieval in mice via excessive DA-mediated inhibition of PrLGlu activity.

Methamphetamine (METH), an abused psychostimulant, impairs cognition through prolonged or even single-dose exposure, but animal experiments … brain slices containing the PrL revealed that PrLGlu intrinsic excitability and basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission were significantly reduced in METH-treated mice, and the decrease in intrinsic excitability was reversed by micro-infusion of Sulpiride into PrL in METH-treated mice. Thus, the impaired ORM retrieval caused by single-dose METH administration may be …

Hypothalamic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons project to the rostral agranular insular cortex: An immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis in the rat.

Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNS) are considered mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors involved in detecting changes in CSF circulation. However, considering that recent data suggest that this type of cell could exert an active response when an external stimulus is sensed, identification of CSF-cNS may be relevant. In this regard, some data suggest that a neuronal connection exists between the ventral region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC); indeed, a potential CSF-cNS is hypothesized. However, a detailed analysis of thi

Protein Networks Associated with Native Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptors (mGlu1) in the Mouse Cerebellum.

The metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) plays a pivotal role in synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. Despite the fact that several interacting proteins involved in the mGlu1 subcellular trafficking and intracellular transduction mechanisms have been identified, the protein network associated with this receptor in specific brain areas remains largely unknown. To identify novel mGlu1-associated protein complexes in the mouse cerebellum, we used an unbiased tissue-specific proteomic approach, namely co-immunoprecipitation followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry …

Cx3cr1 deficiency interferes with learning- and direct current stimulation-mediated neuroplasticity of the motor cortex.

Microglia are essential contributors to synaptic transmission and stability and communicate with neurons via the fractalkine pathway. Transcranial direct current stimulation [(t)DCS], a form of non-invasive electrical brain stimulation, modulates cortical excitability and promotes neuroplasticity, which has been extensively demonstrated in the motor cortex and for motor learning. The role of microglia and their fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in motor cortical neuroplasticity mediated by DCS or motor learning requires further elucidation. We demonstrate the effects of pharmacological microglial de…

Understanding the Role of ATP Release through Connexins Hemichannels during Neurulation.

Neurulation is a crucial process in the formation of the central nervous system (CNS), which begins with the folding and fusion of the neura … on through the release of ATP, glutamate, and NAD+; regulating processes such as cell migration and synaptic transmission. Changes in the state of phosphorylation and/or the intracellular redox potential activate the opening of HCs in different cell types. Cxs such as Cx43 and Cx32 have been associated with proliferation and migration at different stages of CNS develop …

Phenotypic Spectrum of STXBP1 Gene Mutations in an Emirati Case Series.

Genetic mutations are increasingly recognized as etiologic factors for epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss of function mutations in STXBP1, one of such genes, has, in recent years, been demonstrated to cause a broad spectrum of epilepsy syndromes and chronic neurodisabilities. Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1) is a well-recognized membrane trafficking protein responsible for synaptic transmission and is expressed ubiquitously across the brain. Our case series presents the neurodevelopmental phenotype of children with STXBP1 mutations and is the first to be reported in an Emirati …