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The cortical silent period in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on disease stage and antipsychotic medication.

BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies reported some changes of cortical silent period (CSP), an indicator of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) … zapine/olanzapine/quetiapine, but was difficult to interpret since this group included a variety of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methodologies and patients' background.

Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Predict the Airway Disorders Illness: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and aerobic exercises (AE) in addition to the pharmacological therapy (PT) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Twenty-seven patients with AD aged ≥ 60 years were included in the study and divided into 3 groups (rTMS, AE and control). All groups received PT. rTMS group (n = 10) received 20 Hz rTMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) bilaterally and AE group (n = 9) received the structured moderate-intensity AE for 5 consecutive days/week over 2 weeks. Control group (n …

Application of Fast Perturbational Complexity Index to the Diagnosis and Prognosis for Disorders of Consciousness.

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a challenge for neuroscience and clinical practice. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is an effective tool to measure the level of consciousness. However, a scientific and accurate method to quantify TMS-evoked activity is still lacking. This study applied fast perturbational complexity index (PCIst) to the diagnosis and prognosis of DOC patients. METHODS: TMS-EEG data of 30 normal healthy participants (NOR) and 181 DOC patients were collected. The PCIst was u…

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Target Navigator for rTMS Modulation in Patients with Hemiplegia: A Randomized Control Study.

INTRODUCTION: Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is efficacious for motor neuromodulation in stroke survivors, high interindividual variability for responsiveness remains a concern. Target probing on the skull using a proper brain-mapping technique may help overcome this challenge. This study assessed the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a target navigator in rTMS treatment for motor facilitation in patients with stroke. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with stroke were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. The patients were assigned…

Диагностика амиотропического бокового склероза: до настоящего времени.

Амиотрофический боковой склероз (ALS) — прогрессивное нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся постепенной потерей верхних и нижних моторных нейронов и их путей, обычно без воздействия на экстракулярные и сфинктерные мышцы. Причины этого заболевания пока не известны. Это цепь последующих событий, заканчивающихся запрограммированной клеточной смертью в селективных нейронных поднаселениях. Прогнозы на выживание довольно коротки с медианой 2 в адрес 4 Годы. Выживание может быть продлено на основе оперативной диагностики, подтипа ALS и надлежащего управления с помощью поддерживающего леч

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual loss of upper and lower motor neuron … at rest and looks for neurogenic patterns during muscle contraction. Motor evoked potentials after transcranial magnetic stimulation remain the test of choice to identify impairment of upper motor neurons. New biochemical, neurophysiological and morphological biomarkers are extensively studied as early diagnostic and prognostic factors and have implications for clinical trials, r …

Runners with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy have greater triceps surae intracortical inhibition than healthy controls.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and muscle function in the triceps surae of runners with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (AT). METHODS: Runners with (n = 11) and without (n = 13) AT were recruited. Plantar flexor isometric peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Triceps surae endurance was measured as single-leg heel raise (SLHR) to failure test. SICI was assessed using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation during a sustained contraction at 10% of plantar flexor isomet…

Haptic Adaptive Feedback to Promote Motor Learning With a Robotic Ankle Exoskeleton Integrated With a Video Game.

Background: Robotic devices have been used to rehabilitate walking function after stroke. Although results suggest that post-stroke patients … raining sessions would lead to increased corticospinal excitability of dorsi-plantarflexor muscles. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation was used to assess the effects on corticospinal excitability. Results: Improvements have been observed on task performance and motor outcomes in both healthy individuals and post-stroke patient case study. Tibialis Anterior corticospinal excitabilit …

Prediction of Recovery and Outcome Using Motor Evoked Potentials and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Subacute Stroke.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) have been postulated to be useful in predicting recovery in patients with motor impairment. We aimed to investigate whether MEPs elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its genotype have prognostic value on stroke recovery in patients with hand paresis due to stroke. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study. Patients underwent TMS with MEPs from abductor digiti minimi evaluation between 2-14 (D0) and 30 days (D30) after stroke and their impact on motor function of…

Changes of motor cortical excitability and response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Deficits in cortical inhibitory processes have been suggested as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). We examined whether patients with OCD have altered cortical excitability using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We also tested associations between TMS indices and OCD-related characteristics, including age of onset and response inhibition in the go/no-go paradigm, to examine whether altered cortical excitability contributes to symptom formation and behavioural inhibition deficit in patients with OCD. METHODS: We ass…

Impact of serotonin transporter gene on rTMS augmentation of SSRIs for obsessive compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is beneficial for treatment-resistant patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) may be associated with OCD. We aimed to determine whether SLC6A4 impacts the beneficial effects of rTMS in patients with OCD treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHODS: Fifty-seven untreated patients with OCD were randomly assigned to receive active or sham rTMS in a 4-week double-blind study. The participants received 1-Hz rTMS over the supplementary motor area once per day, f…

Propofol-induced unresponsiveness is associated with impaired feedforward connectivity in cortical hierarchy.

BACKGROUND: Impaired consciousness has been associated with impaired cortical signal propagation after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We hypothesised that the reduced current propagation under propofol-induced unresponsiveness is associated with changes in both feedforward and feedback connectivity across the cortical hierarchy. METHODS: Eight subjects underwent left occipital TMS coupled with high-density EEG recordings during wakefulness and propofol-induced unconsciousness. Spectral analysis was applied to responses recorded from sensors overlying six hierarchical cortical source…

The neural correlates of flow experience explored with transcranial direct current stimulation.

The experience of flow ensues when humans engage in a demanding task while task demands are balanced with the individual's level of skill or ability. Here, we further tested the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) plays a causal role in mediating flow experience using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to interfere with MPFC's deactivation evoked by a flow paradigm and measured by magnetic resonance (MR)-based perfusion imaging. In a balanced, within-subjects repeated measure design, three treatments of tDCS (sham, anodal, cathodal) were applied in a sample of 22 he

Cortical and Physical Function after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association between intracortical inhibition and functional recovery after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). METHODS: Twenty individuals with mTBI and 20 matched control participants were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation, the Attentional Network Test, and gait analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to longitudinally examine potential differences between groups and relationships in the pattern of recovery in cortical silent period (CSP) duration, cognitive reaction time, and single- and dual-task walking…

The TMS Motor Map Does Not Change Following a Single Session of Mirror Training Either with Or without Motor Imagery.

Both motor imagery and mirror training have been used in motor rehabilitation settings to promote skill learning and plasticity. As motor im … nts performed 16 min of mirror training, making repetitive grasping movements paced by a metronome. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping was performed before and after the mirror training to test for changes in CSE of the untrained hand. Self-reports suggested that the imagery training was effective in helping the participant to perform the mirror training task as instr …

Epigenetics insights into chronic pain: DNA hypomethylation in fibromyalgia-a controlled pilot-study.

To evaluate changes in DNA methylation profiles in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to matched healthy controls (HCs). All individuals underwent full clinical and neurophysiological assessment by cortical excitability (CE) parameters measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation. DNA from the peripheral blood of patients with FM (n = 24) and HC (n = 24) were assessed using the Illumina-HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. We identified 1610 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in patients with FM displaying a nonrandom distribution in regions of the genome. Sixty-nine percent of DMP in…

Parietal area BA7 integrates motor programs for reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination.

UNLABELLED: Skillful interaction with the world requires that the brain uses a multitude of sensorimotor programs and subroutines, such as f … n integrating coordinated reach-to-grasp movements for both arms together. To test this, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt BA7 activity in the left and right hemispheres, while human participants performed a bimanual size-perturbation grasping task using the index and middle fingers of both hands to grasp a rectangular object whose orientation (and thus …

Experimental tonic hand pain modulates the corticospinal plasticity induced by a subsequent hand deafferentation.

Sensorimotor reorganization is believed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of phantom limb pain, but pain itself m … tation. Sixteen healthy subjects participated in two experimental sessions (Pain, No Pain) in which transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess corticospinal excitability in two forearm muscles (flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis) before (T0, T10, T20, and T40) and after (T60 and T75) inflation of a cuff around the wrist. The cuff was inflated at T45 …

Reorganization of the primary motor cortex following lower-limb amputation for vascular disease: a pre-post-amputation comparison.

PURPOSE: This study compared bilateral corticomotor and intracortical excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1), pre- and post-unilateral transtibial amputation. METHOD: Three males aged 45, 55, and 48 years respectively who were scheduled for elective amputation and thirteen (10 male, 3 female) healthy control participants aged 58.9 (SD 9.8) were recruited. Transcranial magnetic stimulation assessed corticomotor and intracortical excitability of M1 bilaterally. Neurophysiological assessments were performed 10 (SD 7) days prior to surgery and again at 10 (SD 3) days following surgery. Dat…

The Mirror Illusion Increases Motor Cortex Excitability in Children With and Without Hemiparesis.

BACKGROUND: Mirror therapy provides a visual illusion of a normal moving limb by using the mirror reflection of the unaffected arm instead o … n typically developing subjects) hand was obtained during 2 different conditions using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Each condition (without/with mirror) consisted of a unimanual and a bimanual task. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles. RESULTS: MEP amplitudes were signif …

Relationship between deep medullary veins in susceptibility-weighted imaging and ipsilateral cerebrovascular reactivity of middle cerebral artery in patients with ischemic stroke.

Deep cerebral veins have been recently associated with the severity of hemodynamic impairment in moyamoya disease. The aim of the current study was to determine the correlation of deep medullary veins (DMVs) in susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) with ipsilateral cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) of and anterior cecebrocervical artery stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke. Patients with unilateral TIA or infarction who underwent 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging SWI, digital subtraction angiography and transcranial Doppler with CO2 stimulation within the first 7 days of hospitalization wer