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Hemagglutination-inhibition method and immunofluorescence staining with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.

Hemagglutination and fluorescent antibody (FA) are compared for the direct detection of virus devoid of host cells. A determination was made of the minimal number of tissue plaque-forming units of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus that could be detected by the hemagglutination technique. Similar concentrations of the virus in bovine albumin borate saline, Brain Heart Infusion broth (Difco), and demineralized water were tested by the FA technique. Somewhat higher concentrations of the virus in bovine albumin borate saline were used in the hemagglutination-inhibition test. The quantitati…

A Signal for Voice and Speech Abnormalities in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Background/Objectives: Patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may report abnormalities in voice and speech; however, no formal research has been conducted in this area. Methods: An online mixed-methods survey was completed by 685 people with ME/CFS. A total of 302 respondents completed the qualitative component (44.09%). Questions assessed disease experience with ME/CFS and post-exertional malaise without prompting on specific symptoms. Within the qualitative results, a search of the terms "speech, voice," "words," and "speak" was conducted. Results: Excludin…

Пидотимод смягчил экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, регулировав баланс селезеночных лимфоцитов.

ЦЕЛЬ: Для изучения вопроса о том, влияет ли пидотимод на развитие и остроту экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE), классического животного образца множественного склероза (MS), был изучен баланс сленических лимфоцитов в мышах, обработанных и не обработанных мышами EAE. МЕТОДЫ: C57BL/6J мыши были иммунизированы путем подкожной инъекции эмульсии, содержащей MOG35-55, с последующим мониторингом их общего состояния и клинических оценок после лечения пидотимодом или солевым раствором (контролем транспортного средства). Для оценки инфильтрации лейкоцита использовались гематоксилин и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether pidotimod affects the progression and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classic animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), the balance of splenic lymphocytes in pidotimod-treated and untreated EAE mice was examined. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of an emulsion contain…

The benefit of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.

Research on the effects of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) suggested a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. The inflammatory pr … mation, myelin status and neurodegeneration in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of Multiple Sclerosis. Animals were treated from day 1 until sacrificed on day 17 post-induction, and experimental groups were divided into: EAE+DOCA (0.75 mg/kg s.c every 3 days), EAE+DOCA+SPIRO (Spironolactone: 25 mg/kg i.p daily), veh …

Репродуктивная дисфункция в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиэлите, животная модель множественного склероза.

Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит (EAE) — модель склероза (MS). Последний является аутоиммунным заболеванием центральной нервной системы (КНС), характерным для человека. ЭССЭ характеризуется системным воспалением, связанным с повышением уровня крови провоспалительных посредников, что может привести к воспалению как репродуктивных органов, так и ЦНС. Патологические изменения в гипоталамус-питуарной оси желез-гонада иногда регистрировались как в контексте MS, так и в контексте EAE. Такие изменения могут затрагивать репродуктивные органы. Мы использовали фразу "EAE и гипоталамус-больш

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The latter is a human organ-specific autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). EAE is characterized by systemic inflammation associated with increased blood levels of proinflammatory mediators that potentially trigger inflammation of both reproductive…

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a Six-Year-Old Child: A Case Report.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disorder that primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by an acute inflammatory response targeting the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. The exact mechanism of ADEM is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response that leads to the activation of immune cells and subsequent inflammation within the CNS. This immune-mediated attack results in the destruction of myelin, impairing the transmission of nerve signals and caus…

Bilateral Optic Neuritis in a Child with Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system following a viral illness or vaccination, which occurs most often in children as a monophasic event. The neurological signs typically appear days to weeks after an initial febrile infection (usually of the upper respiratory tract) or vaccine immunisation. CASE: An eight year old boy presented with painless progressive diminution of visual acuity for two days, On ophthalmic examination his visual acuity was hand movements at a close range in both the eyes. Posterior segment e…

Toxocara canis infection worsens the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.

Toxocara canis, a gastrointestinal parasite of canids, is also highly prevalent in many paratenic hosts, such as mice and humans. As with many other helminths, the infection is associated with immunomodulatory effects, which could affect other inflammatory conditions including autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of T. canis infection on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mice infected with 2 doses of 100 T. canis L3 larvae 5 weeks prior to EAE induction (the Tc+EAE group) showed higher EAE clinica…

The Pathobiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The Case for Neuroglial Failure.

Although myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has a specific and distinctive profile of clinical features, the disease remains an enigma because causal explanation of the pathobiological matrix is lacking. Several potential disease mechanisms have been identified, including immune abnormalities, inflammatory activation, mitochondrial alterations, endothelial and muscular disturbances, cardiovascular anomalies, and dysfunction of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Yet, it remains unclear whether and how these pathways may be related and orchestrated. Here we expl…

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a patient with monkeypox: a case report and radiological findings.

Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by a double-stranded DNA virus of the Poxviridae family. It currently represents a global epidemic given its contagion reported in more than 31 previously non-endemic countries. We present the case of a 30-year-old male patient from Peru with a diagnosis of monkeypox by PCR test, who manifested an initial clinical picture of asthenia, adynamia, and odynophagia, with the appearance of pustular lesions on the lower lip and in the genital region associated with motor and sensory deficit of the lower limbs with altered state of consciousness, with subsequent findings

Distinctive waves of innate immune response in the retina in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Neurodegeneration mediates neurological disability in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. The role of innate immune cells in mediating this damage has remained controversial with evidence for destructive and protective effects. This has complicated efforts to develop treatment. The time sequence and dynamic evolution of the opposing functions are especially unclear. Given limits of in vivo monitoring in human diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), animal models are warranted to investigate the association and timing of innate immune activation with neurodegeneration. Using nonin

Vascular and immunopathological role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor/uncoupler inducing vascular pathology. Vascular pathology is an important factor for the development and progression of CNS pathology of MS, yet the role of ADMA in MS remains elusive. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are reported to have elevated blood levels of ADMA, and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, an animal model of MS) generated by auto-immunization of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption by pertussis toxin also had incre…

Clozapine reduces infiltration into the CNS by targeting migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND: Atypical antipsychotic agents, such as clozapine, are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders by a mechanism that is believed to involve modulating the immune system. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated neurological disease, and recently, clozapine was shown to reduce disease severity in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mode of action by which clozapine reduces disease in this model is poorly understood. METHODS: Because the mode of action by which clozapine reduces neuroinflammation is poorly understood,…