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Entomological evaluation of three brands of manufactured insecticidal nets and of nets conventionally treated with deltamethrin, after repeated washing.

The present study evaluated the efficacy and wash resistance of three types of commercial, deltamethrin-treated nets (PermaNet, Yorkool and A-Z nets) - that their manufacturers claimed to be long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) - and those of nets conventionally treated with deltamethrin, at either 23-27 mg/m(2) (using one K-O Tab tablet/net) or 46-54 mg/m(2) (using two K-O Tab tablets/net). The nets were tested unwashed or after being washed, by hand or machine, five or 15 times. After each wash, the nets were dried vertically on a line, in the shade, for 8 h. Insecticidal activity was asses

Пространственная неоднородность резистентности к сносу мутации в векторе денге Aedes albopictus в Гуанчжоу, Китай.

Город Гуанчжоу является эпицентром лихорадки денге в Китае с 1990-х годов, главным вектором которой является Эдес альбопикт. Основным методом, используемым для борьбы с переносчиками болезней и предотвращения лихорадки денге, является применение химических инсектицидов; однако эта стратегия борьбы привела к повышению устойчивости к этим инсектицидам у комаров. Здесь мы сообщаем о нашем исследовании моделей резистентных (kdr) мутации в 15 полевых популяциях Э. Альбопикт, собранных в 11 округах Гуанчжоу. Результаты: Четыре мутантовых аллея (V1016G, F1534S, F1534C, F1534L) были обнаружены в доме

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The city of Guangzhou has been the epicenter of dengue fever in China since the 1990s, with Aedes albopictus being the primary v … on and frequency of kdr mutations may have important implications for vector control operations and insecticide resistance management strategies.

First Determination of Pyrethroid Knockdown Resistance Alleles in Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) From Chile.

The infestation with the human ectoparasite, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer), is a common public health problem affecting schoolchildren worldwide. In Chile, the main active ingredients present in the over-the-counter pediculicides contain pyrethroids. Despite the extended use of these products, there is no evidence of the insecticide resistance status of the head lice geographically located in Chile. The most extended resistant mechanism of pyrethroids consists of the target site insensitivity (Kdr) determined by the presence of mutations linked to insecticide-binding sites in the voltage…

An incurable itch: head lice.

QUESTION: Head lice infestations continue to be seen frequently in many communities. Some of these children require multiple treatments before eradication. What are the current treatment recommendations for head lice? ANSWER: Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestations are common, particularly among school-aged children. In order to minimize louse resistance, insecticide usage, and social stigmatization, diagnosis and treatment should be limited to those with live lice on the scalp. Options for management are predominantly topical therapies or physical removal. Large studies comparing

Susceptibility to DDT and some other insecticides of head lice (Pediculus capitis De Geer) in Czechoslovakia.

For testing the susceptibility of the head louse to insecticides impregnated bunches of polyamide fibres, whose diameter resembled that of human hair (0.1 mm) were used. In this manner a low mortality of control lice collected from infected persons was obtained (2.9% after 16 hours of exposure). Even after 25 years of DDT use no apparent resistance could be demonstrated in 25 tested louse populations and cross resistance to permethrin in 7 tested populations. The diagnostic concentration for resistance to pp'-DDT was established at 1%. Of the tested insecticides the highest toxicity was shown

Biochemical and genetic mechanisms in Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) resistance under emamectin benzoate stress.

Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) poses a significant threat to Brassicaceae crops, leading to substantial losses annually. Repeated insecticide applications are widely used to protect crops and increase the resistance of P. rapae. Exploring the biochemical and molecular basis of insecticide tolerance in P. rapae is crucial for achieving effective insect suppuration and implementing resistance control strategies. In our research, emamectin benzoate (EBZ) resistance was developed in P. rapae strain through selective pressure over 15 generations. Moreover, the biochemical mechanisms underlyin

Pyrethroid insecticides susceptibility profiles and evaluation of L1014F kdr mutant alleles in Culex quinquefasciatus from lymphatic filariasis endemic communities.

This study investigated the dynamics in pyrethriod resistance and the presence/frequencies of L1014F knockdown resistance mutant allelles in Culex quinquefasciatus vector populations from Uruan Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Southern Nigeria between the months of March and November, 2021. Uruan LGA is among the endemic LGAs for lymphatic filariasis in AkwaIbomState. Female Anopheles mosquitoes from Eman Uruan, Ituk Mbang and Idu Uruan were exposed to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin in CDC insecticide coated bottles for susceptibility bioassay following standard protoco

Monitoring of the nAChRsα6 G275A spinetoram resistance allele in Drosophila melanogaster populations from New York vineyards.

BACKGROUND: Spinosyns are a group of naturally occurring and semi-synthetic insecticides with widespread utility in agriculture, including organic production systems. One example is spinetoram (Delegate), which is the only registered insecticide in New York State (for control of Drosophila melanogaster in vineyards) to which vinegar flies have not yet evolved high levels of resistance. However, low levels of resistance have been found in vineyard populations of D. melanogaster, and a highly resistant strain was obtained after only five selections (in the laboratory). We identified the nAChR α6

Bioassay method for assessing insecticide susceptibility in thrips.

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are sucking pests that damage a wide range of crops worldwide. Chemical insecticides are the main strategy for their control, but species can vary in susceptibility or develop resistance. Here, we developed and validated a bioassay method (dip test) using soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaf discs to evaluate the susceptibility of thrips to insecticides. We compared the susceptibility of Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912) to acephate and spinetoram assessed using this method with results of the IRAC Susceptibility Test Method 010, in which bean pod sections are

Molecular identification of carboxylesterase genes and their potential roles in the insecticides susceptibility of Grapholita molesta.

Grapholita molesta is one of the most damaging pests worldwide in stone and pome fruits. Application of chemical pesticides is still the main method to control this pest, which results in resistance to several types of insecticides. Carboxylesterase (CarE) is one of the important enzymes involved in the detoxification metabolism and tolerance of xenobiotics and insecticides. However, the roles of CarEs in insecticides susceptibility of G. molesta are still unclear. In the present study, the enzyme activity of CarEs and the mRNA expression of six CarE genes were consistently elevated after trea

Chronology of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and pyrethroid resistance and the associated mutations in Anopheles stephensi: Insights from areas where the vector is native and invasive.

Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae), a primary malaria vector native to south Asia and the Arabian peninsula, has recently spread to Sr … tathione S-transferases (GSTs), and esterases. These findings underscore the escalating menace that insecticide resistance poses to malaria vector control, particularly in newly invaded regions characterized by inadequate surveillance infrastructure and pronounced reliance on pyrethroid-based interventions. This review advocates for the establishment of comprehensive gl …

The paradigm of eave tubes: scaling up house improvement and optimizing insecticide delivery against disease-transmitting mosquitoes.

Control of mosquito-borne diseases is greatly compromised by spread of insecticide resistance, high implementation costs and sub-optimal compliance among users. Improved housing has potential to reduce malaria transmission nearly as much as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), while also preventing other arthropod-borne diseases and improving overall well-being. Yet, it is hardly promoted as mainstream intervention, partly because of high costs, minimal communal benefits to people in non-improved houses, and low scalability. By exploiting biological observations of mosquito behaviour…

Synergistic and additive interactions of Shewanella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Thauera sp. with chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate for controlling Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).

The imprudent use of insecticides causes the development of resistance in insect pest populations, contamination of the environment, biological imbalance and human intoxication. The use of microbial pathogens combined with insecticides has been proposed as an alternative strategy for insect pest management. This IPM approach may offer effective ways to control pests, in addition to lowering the risk of chemical residues in the environment. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a major pest of many crops like cotton, maize, tobacco, cauliflower, cabbage, and fodder crops globally. Here, we evaluated

Genetic variation associated with increased lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in West Africa.

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a new serious destructive and widespread pest of corn which recently invaded subtropical regions worldwide. As this invasive species is spreading across the continent, it is vital to assess its susceptibility to currently used insecticides and establish the potential underlying resistance mechanism to better inform control programmes. In this study, we characterized the strains from eighteen fall armyworm populations from different countries in West Africa, established their susceptibility profiles to the main insecticides and genotyped t

Insecticide susceptibility status of Phlebotomus argentipes, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in different foci in three states of India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector for visceral leishmaniasis in India. The development of resistance in kala-azar vector to DDT has been reported from various parts of India. The main objective of this study was to generate information on insecticides susceptibility status of P. argentipes to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin in different parts in three states of India. METHODS: Phlebotomus argentipes were collected from different villages, identified and used to investigate the susceptibility status against DDT, malathion and deltamethrin as per the WHO standard met

Influence of genetic factors of humans, mosquitoes and parasites, on the evolution of Plasmodium falciparum infections, malaria transmission and genetic control methods: a review of the literature.

Despite significant progress, malaria remains a public health problem in many regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation is partly explained by the mosquito's resistance to insecticides and the emergence of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs. Indeed, in spite of the various vectors' controls, insecticide resistance emerges from multi-generational selection and poses worldwide concern. In parallel, artemisinin resistance unfortunately emerged independently in multiple countries in eastern Africa. Since 2014, artemisinin resistance has been observed in 6 countries in Afri…

Molecular features and toxicological properties of four common pesticides, acetamiprid, deltamethrin, chlorpyriphos and fipronil.

Structural features and selected physicochemical properties of four common pesticides: acetamiprid (neonicotinoid), chlorpyriphos (organophosphate insecticide), deltamethrin (pyrethroid) and fipronil (phenylpyrazole) have been investigated by Density Functional Theory quantum chemical calculations. The high flexible character of these insecticides is revealed by the numerous conformers obtained, located within a 20kJmol(-1) range in the gas phase. In line with this trend, a redistribution of the energetic minima is observed in water medium. Molecular electrostatic potential calculations provid

Resting behaviour of malaria vectors in highland and lowland sites of western Kenya: Implication on malaria vector control measures.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the interactions between increased insecticide resistance and resting behaviour patterns of malaria mosquitoes is important for planning of adequate vector control. This study was designed to investigate the resting behavior, host preference and rates of Plasmodium falciparum infection in relation to insecticide resistance of malaria vectors in different ecologies of western Kenya. METHODS: Anopheles mosquito collections were carried out during the dry and rainy seasons in Kisian (lowland site) and Bungoma (highland site), both in western Kenya using pyrethrum spray …

Association of 410L, 1016I and 1534C kdr mutations with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and development of a one-step multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of 1534C and 1016I kdr mutations.

BACKGROUND: Since 2000, Burkina Faso has experienced regular dengue cases and outbreaks, making dengue an increasingly important health concern for the country. Previous studies in Burkina Faso reported that resistance of Aedes aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides was associated with the F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations. The current study reports high resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to pyrethroid insecticides, likely supported by mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, here evidenced by genotyping the kdr SNPs V410L, V1016I and F1534C. We also describe a new multiplex PCR-based diagn

Aedes Mosquitoes and Aedes-Borne Arboviruses in Africa: Current and Future Threats.

The Zika crisis drew attention to the long-overlooked problem of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in Africa. Yellow fever, dengue … tegration with malaria control, are primarily African; others such as ever-increasing urbanization, insecticide resistance and lack of evidence for most control-interventions reflect problems throughout the tropics. We identify key knowledge gaps and future research areas, and in particular, highlight the need to improve knowledge of the distributions of disease and maj …