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BLAB2CancerKD: a knowledge graph database focusing on the association between lactic acid bacteria and cancer, but beyond.

In a broad sense, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a general term for Gram-positive bacteria that can produce lactic acid by utilizing fermentable carbohydrates. It is widely used in essential fields such as industry, agriculture, animal husbandry and medicine. At the same time, LAB are closely related to human health. They can regulate human intestinal flora and improve gastrointestinal function and body immunity. Cancer, a disease in which some cells grow out of control and spread to other body parts, is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. In recent years, the potential of LAB i

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… Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota could inhibit 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumorigenesis ( 34 ). Prophylactic administration of L. casei ATCC 393 delays the onset of cancer ( 35 ). …

Thymoquinone as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer Treatment: Evidence from Preclinical Studies.

Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive component of Nigella sativa, has been found to exhibit anticancer effects in numerous preclinical studies. Due to its multitargeting nature, TQ interferes in a wide range of tumorigenic processes and counteracts carcinogenesis, malignant growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, TQ can specifically sensitize tumor cells toward conventional cancer treatments (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) and simultaneously minimize therapy-associated toxic effects in normal cells. In this review, we summarized the adjuvant potential of

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… A considerable decrease in the incidence and multiplicity of forestomach tumors and fibrosarcoma development in Swiss albino mice followed by treatment with benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) and 20-methylcholanthrene, respectively, was reported after addition of TQ in drinking water (Badary et al., 1999 ; Badary … Inhibitory effects of thymoquinone against 20-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Detect. Prev. 25, 362–368. Badr G., Alwasel S., Ebaid H., Mohany M., Alhazza I. (2011a). …

Metabolism of tauromustine in liver and lung microsomes from various species.

1. The cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of tauromustine has been evaluated in liver and lung microsomes from various species. Liver microsomes from rat pretreated with typical CYP inducers, human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed human CYP enzymes were used to study the enzymatic basis of the metabolism. The further metabolism of the monodemethylated product of tauromustine and that of the denitrosated product were also investigated. 2. The major routes of tauromustine metabolism were demethylation to the alkylating active compound, R2, and denitrosation to the inactive metabolite,

Parasites' immunomodulators: a breakthrough in immunotherapeutics displaying antineoplastic activity against human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

The complex interplay between parasites and cancer is yielding promising advances in the field of cancer therapeutics. This study explored the in vitro anti-cancer potential of parasite immunomodulators (antigens and antibodies) of Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Toxoplasma gondii on human HT-29 colorectal and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using the MTT assay. Results revealed that those parasites' immunomodulators exhibited antineoplastic activity and demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of both cancer cell lines' proliferation (P ˂0.05). Notably, Trichine

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… Miyahara K Therapeutic effects of Toxoplasma lysate antigen on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced BALB/c mouse tumors J Vet Med Sci 1992 54 1 7 12 10.1292/jvms.54.7 1558892 Miyahara K, et al. Therapeutic effects of Toxoplasma lysate antigen on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced BALB/c mouse tumors. …

Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy.

Parasites have attained a life-long stigma of being detrimental organisms with deleterious outcomes. Yet, recently, a creditable twist was verified that can dramatically change our perception of those parasites from being a source of misery to millions of people to a useful anti-cancerous tool. Various parasites have shown promise to combat cancer in different experimental models, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, among others. Helminths and protozoan parasites, as well as their derivatives such as Echinococcus granulosus protein KI-1, Toxoplasma gondii GRA15II, and Trypanosoma c

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… tumor growth [ 224 ] T. gondii lysate In vivo Enhanced the cytotoxicity of feline spleen cells against feline leukemia virus-producing lymphoma cells [ 225 ] T. gondii lysate antigen, spleen cells from Toxoplasma lysate antigen sensitized mice In vivo and in vitro Inhibited tumor growth induced by 20-methylcholanthrene … [ 224 ] T. gondii lysate | In vivo | Enhanced the cytotoxicity of feline spleen cells against feline leukemia virus-producing lymphoma cells | [ 225 ] T. gondii lysate antigen, spleen cells from Toxoplasma lysate antigen sensitized mice | In vivo and in vitro | Inhibited tumor growth induced by 20-methylcholanthrene …

Negative regulatory role of PI3-kinase in TNF-induced tumor necrosis.

Tissue factor is the prime initiator of blood coagulation. Expression of tissue factor in tumor endothelial cells leads to thrombus formation, occlusion of vessels and development of hemorrhagic infarctions in the tumor tissue, often followed by regression of the tumor. Tumor cells produce endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which sensitizes endothelial cells for systemically administered tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and synergistically enhances the TNF-induced expression of tissue factor. We have analyzed the pathways involved in the induction of tissue factor in

Amended final report on the safety assessment of glyceryl dilaurate, glyceryl diarachidate, glyceryl dibehenate, glyceryl dierucate, glyceryl dihydroxystearate, glyceryl diisopalmitate, glyceryl diisostearate, glyceryl dilinoleate, glyceryl dimyristate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl diricinoleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dipalmitoleate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl palmitate lactate, glyceryl stearate citrate, glyceryl stearate lactate, and glyceryl stearate succinate.

Glyceryl Dilaurate, Glyceryl Diarachidate, Glyceryl Dibehenate, Glyceryl Dierucate, Glyceryl Dihydroxystearate, Glyceryl Diisopalmitate, Gly … ght epidermal hyperplasia at the site of application. Glyceryl Dioleate induced transformation in 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 cloned cells in vitro. A tumor-promoting dosing regimen that consisted of multiple applications of 10 mumol of a 1,2-diacylglycerol (sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol) to female mice twice daily for 1 week caused more than a 60% d …

Natural killer T cells subsets in cancer, functional defects in prostate cancer and implications for immunotherapy.

Natural killer T cells are T lymphocytes with unique activation and effector properties. The majority of NKT cells, termed type-I or iNKT cells, recognize lipid antigens presented on MHC-like CD1d molecules. Type-I NKT cells have the capacity to rapidly secrete various cytokines upon activation, thereby regulate immune responses exerts dominant anti-tumor and anti-microbial effector functions. Specific activation of type-I NKT cells in mouse models boosts immunity and prevents metastasis, which has led to a number of phase I-II clinical trials. Since the discovery of NKT cells other subsets wi

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… Mice deficient in Jα18 or CD1d lack type-I NKT cells and were found to be more susceptible to methylcholanthrene-induced carcinoma [ 41 ]. …

Interleukin-1 Beta-A Friend or Foe in Malignancies?

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is induced by inflammatory signals in a broad number of immune cell types. IL-1β (and IL-18) are the only cytokines which are processed by caspase-1 after inflammasome-mediated activation. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about parameters of regulation of IL-1β expression and its multi-facetted role in pathophysiological conditions. IL-1 signaling activates innate immune cells including antigen presenting cells, and drives polarization of CD4+ T cells towards T helper type (Th) 1 and Th17 cells. Therefore, IL-1β has been attributed a largely beneficial

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… Additionally, the development and invasiveness of tumors induced by the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (3MCA) is promoted by IL-1β [ 209 ]. … Mice deficient for IL-1β or IL-1R1 were protected against methylcholanthrene (MCA) carcinogenesis. At the site of carcinogen injection, a sparse leukocyte infiltration occurred in IL-1β deficient mice opposing the dense neutrophile infiltration in IL-1Ra -/- mice. …

Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view.

Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitr

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… EO of holy basil prevents fibrosarcoma tumours induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in Swiss albino mice thighs by increasing the level of endogenous antioxidants [ 82 ]. …

Revolutionizing cancer care strategies: immunotherapy, gene therapy, and molecular targeted therapy.

Despite the availability of technological advances in traditional anti-cancer therapies, there is a need for more precise and targeted cancer treatment strategies. The wide-ranging shortfalls of conventional anticancer therapies such as systematic toxicity, compromised life quality, and limited to severe side effects are major areas of concern of conventional cancer treatment approaches. Owing to the expansion of knowledge and technological advancements in the field of cancer biology, more innovative and safe anti-cancerous approaches such as immune therapy, gene therapy and targeted therapy a

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… In 1986, gp96, an endoplasmic reticulum-residing member of HSP90 (heat shock proteins), was isolated from fibrosarcomas of mice after stimulation with methylcholanthrene A and was found to function as a tumor rejection antigen [ 17 ]. …

Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of type I interferons and their application in cancer therapy.

During the last decades, the pleiotropic antitumor functions exerted by type I interferons (IFNs) have become universally acknowledged, especially their role in mediating interactions between the tumor and the immune system. Indeed, type I IFNs are now appreciated as a critical component of dendritic cell (DC) driven T cell responses to cancer. Here we focus on IFN-α and IFN-β, and their antitumor effects, impact on immune responses and their use as therapeutic agents. IFN-α/β share many properties, including activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and induction of a variety of cellular p

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… This conclusion is based on two key observations: First, Ifnar1 knockout (KO) mice are more tumor-prone upon exposure to the carcinogen methylcholanthrene (MCA) in comparison with mice that have functional type I IFN signaling. … Also, as said before, mice deficient in type I IFN response showed decreased spontaneous T cell priming in transplantable tumor models and increased tumor induction using methylcholanthrene [ 6 ]. …

Molecular Mechanism and Prevention Strategy of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage.

Fertility preservation is an emerging discipline, which is of substantial clinical value in the care of young patients with cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation may induce ovarian damage in prepubertal girls and young women. Although many studies have explored the mechanisms implicated in ovarian toxicity during cancer treatment, its molecular pathophysiology is not fully understood. Chemotherapy may accelerate follicular apoptosis and follicle reservoir utilization and damage the ovarian stroma via multiple molecular reactions. Oxidative stress and the radiosensitivity of oocytes are the main c

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… In a previous study, exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene, a carcinogen and ovotoxicant, resulted in PF activation and depletion [ 59 ], implying that the burnout effect triggers the growth of dormant follicles. …

Unleashing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy in lung cancer: biologic challenges and clinical advances.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial part of the innate immune system and serve as an important effector for killing tumor cells through direct cytolytic activity or immunomodulatory signaling to T cells and antigen presenting cells. NK cells are correlated with increased tumor control and better overall patient survival across various types of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite their promising potential for anti-tumor killing, NK cell function is often diminished within the tumor microenvironment. There are many factors that lead to decreased tumor-infiltrating N

Preclinical and Virtual Models of Mucosal Melanoma: Bridging Translational Gaps in a Rare and Lethal Cancer.

Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare and lethal subtype of melanoma, disproportionately affecting Asian populations and exhibiting distinct clinicopathological and genetic features compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Often diagnosed at advanced stages, MM shows poor responses to conventional therapies, and no standardized treatment regimen currently exists. Progress in preclinical modeling, including cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), organoids (PDOs), and comparative animal models-has provided valuable tools for studying MM pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Yet these models rem

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… “Estrogen‐Responsive Element (ERE)‐Like Motifs Affect the 3‐Methylcholanthrene Induction of Eel CYP1A Gene.” Environmental Sciences 12, no. 2: 65–70. Jespersen, H. , Lindberg M. F., Donia M., et al. 2017. …

Implications of regulatory T cells in anti-cancer immunity: from pathogenesis to therapeutics.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. However, Tregs present major hurdle in eliciting potent anti-cancer immune responses. Therefore, curbing the activity of Tregs represents a novel and efficient way towards successful immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, there is an emerging interest in harnessing Treg-based strategies for augmenting anti-cancer immunity in different types of the disease. This review summarises the crucial mechanisms of Tregs' mediated suppression of anti-cancer immunity and strategies to suppress or to

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… Moreover, Ly-1 + 2 − CD4 + suppressor T cells resulted into loss of the effector Ly-1 - 2 + CD8 + T cells in mice model of methylcholanthrene (Meth A)-induced fibrosarcoma [ 45 ]. …

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality rates globally. Standard treatments for colorectal cancer have always been surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy which may be used in combination to treat patients. However, these treatments have many side effects due to their non-specificity and cytotoxicity toward any cells including normal cells that are growing and dividing. Furthermore, many patients succumb to relapse even after a series of treatments. Thus, it is crucial to have more alternative and effective treatments to treat CRC p

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… Demonstration of resistance against methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in the primary autochthonous host. Cancer Res. ( 1960 ) 20 : 1561 – 72 . 13756652 31. Isaacs A Lindenmann J. Virus interference. I. The interferon. …

The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma-How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle?

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in immunosurveillance, acting alongside other immune cells in the response against various types of malignant tumors and the prevention of metastasis. Since their discovery in the 1970s, they have been thoroughly studied for their capacity to kill neoplastic cells without the need for previous sensitization, executing rapid and robust cytotoxic activity, but also helper functions. In agreement with this, NK cells are being exploited in many ways to treat cancer. The broad arsenal of NK-based therapies includes adoptiv

Nanoimmunotherapy: the smart trooper for cancer therapy.

Immunotherapy has gathered significant attention and is now a widely used cancer treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. Despite initial successes, its broader clinical application is hindered by limitations such as heterogeneity in patient response and challenges associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have offered innovative solutions to these barriers, providing significant enhancements to cancer immunotherapy. Nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit multifaceted mechanisms, including effective anti-tumor immune response

Abstracts of the 5(th) Cachexia Conference, Barcelona, Spain, December 5-8, 2009.

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