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Targeted phytotherapy: essential oils, multi-target cancer action & nanodelivery.

Biochemical components of essential oils (EOs) are an innovative but largely underexplored type of precision phytotherapy (PT) in oncology owing to their anticancer activity against many types of tumors. This article discusses the important multitargeted molecular mechanisms of EOs (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor microenvironment) and their role as antitumor agents. In particular, an effort has been made to emphasize on the most notable volatile EOs such as thymol, eugenol, limonene, β-caryophyllene, and their interaction with oncogenic signaling pathways (NF-κB,

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… ) | Lipid nanocapsules (LNC), called flaXosules | Piperine (PIP), flaxseed oil (FLX), lactoferrin (LF) | Particle size: ~77 nm; PDI: 0.20; ζ-potential: −2.0 mV; entrapment efficiency: 98.6%; sustained drug release (40.6% at 24 h); stable for 6 months; amorphous drug state confirmed | Potent anticancer … ) | Olive oil liquid nanocapsules (O²LNC) | Olive oil triglycerides | Size: 111 ± 18 nm; PDI: ~0.10; Zeta: -35 mV (αCD44-O²LNC at pH 7.4); Antibody coupling efficiency: 93.4%; DL: 2.2%; EE: 81.1% | IC50 against pancreatic CSCs (BxPC-3 PCSCs): αCD44-O²LNC-PTX 34.2 nM (4-fold vs. free PTX 133.4 nM); Selective …

Targeting Non-coding RNA for Glioblastoma Therapy: The Challenge of Overcomes the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of all primary brain tumors, and it is responsible for around 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy for GBM treatment includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. With this treatment, the median survival rate of GBM patients is only 15 months after its initial diagnosis. Therefore, novel and better treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have critical roles as regulators of gene expression. Long non-coding

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… Recently, Zou et al. used an angiopep-2-decorated nanocapsule with PLK1-targeted siRNA inside ( 205 ). … Combined anti-Galectin-1 and anti-EGFR siRNA-loaded chitosan-lipid nanocapsules decrease temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma: in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm. (2015) 481:154–61. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.051 115. Van Woensel M, Wauthoz N, Rosière R, Mathieu V, Kiss R, Lefranc F, et al. …

A Snapshot of Photoresponsive Liposomes in Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy: Opportunities and Challenges.

To provide precise medical regimens, photonics technologies have been involved in the field of nanomedicine. Phototriggered liposomes have been cast as promising nanosystems that achieve controlled release of payloads in several pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. In contrast to the conventional liposomes, this photoresponsive element greatly improves therapeutic efficacy and reduces the adverse effects of gene/drug therapy during treatment. Recently, cancer immunotherpay has been one of the hot topics in the field of oncology due to the great success a

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… Peganum harmala Alkaloids Self-Assembled Supramolecular Nanocapsules with Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities . ACS Omega 2021 , 6 ( 18 ), 11954 – 11963 . 10.1021/acsomega.1c00455 . 34056350 PMC8153973 Yuan Y. ; Zhang C.-J. ; Liu B. … Intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules using light-addressable nanocapsules . ACS Nano 2010 , 4 ( 12 ), 7603 – 11 . 10.1021/nn102345f . 21117640 PMC3075813 Jackman J. A. ; et al. Quantitative Profiling of Nanoscale Liposome Deformation by a Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor . Anal. …

Brain intratumoural astatine-211 radiotherapy targeting syndecan-1 leads to durable glioblastoma remission and immune memory in female mice.

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive brain cancer, remains a critical clinical challenge due to its resistance to conventional treatments. Here, we introduce a locoregional targeted-α-therapy (TAT) with the rat monoclonal antibody 9E7.4 targeting murine syndecan-1 (SDC1) coupled to the α-emitter radionuclide astatine-211 (211At-9E7.4).MethodsWe orthotopically transplanted 50,000 GL261 cells of murine GB into the right striatum of syngeneic female C57BL/6JRj mice using stereotaxis. After MRI validation of tumour presence at day 11, TAT was injected at the same coordinates. Biodistri

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… Tumor eradication in rat glioma and bypass of immunosuppressive barriers using internal radiation with (188)Re-lipid nanocapsules Biomaterials 32 2011 6781 6790 21705077 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.067 9 Cikankowitz A. Clavreul A. Tétaud C. … Characterization of the distribution, retention, and efficacy of internal radiation of 188Re-lipid nanocapsules in an immunocompromised human glioblastoma model J Neuro Oncol 131 2017 49 58 10.1007/s11060-016-2289-4 27783195 10 Séhédic D. Chourpa I. Tétaud C. …

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science,

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… To overcome this limitation and optimize future PD repositioning studies, we propose using lipid and polymeric nanosystems: lipid-based NP (SLN, micelles and LP) and polymeric-based NP (nanocapsules, nanospheres and polymeric micelles). … Prodrugs forming high drug loading multifunctional nanocapsules for intracellular cancer drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc. 2010;132(12):4259–4265. doi: 10.1021/ja909475m. 104. Nigam K, Kaur A, Tyagi A, Nematullah M, Khan F, Gabrani R, et al. …

Selenium Compounds as Novel Potential Anticancer Agents.

The high number of new cancer incidences and the associated mortality continue to be alarming, leading to the search for new therapies that would be more effective and less burdensome for patients. As there is evidence that Se compounds can have chemopreventive activity, studies have begun to establish whether these compounds can also affect already existing cancers. This review aims to discuss the different classes of Se-containing compounds, both organic and inorganic, natural and synthetic, and the mechanisms and molecular targets of their anticancer activity. The chemical classes discussed

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… A very important finding is that in studies using diselenides-loaded nanocapsules, no toxic effects on mice were shown, which gives hope for a reduction in their harmful properties and possible application in human trials in the future [ 55 , 58 ]. … Marcondes Sari M.H., Ferreira L.M., Zborowski V.A., Araujo P.C.O., Cervi V.F., Brüning C.A., Cruz L., Nogueira C.W. p,p’-Methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide-loaded polymeric nanocapsules are chemically stable and do not induce toxicity in mice. Eur. J. Pharm. …

MiR-328-5p/BCL7A axis is involved in fracture healing by modulating osteoblast function.

BackgroundDelayed fracture healing severely impacts patients' quality of life and imposes economic burdens.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of miR-328-5p in fracture healing and its underlying molecular mechanisms, providing novel insights for the management of delayed fracture healing.MethodsSerum miR-328-5p levels were measured by RT-qPCR in 125 tibial fracture patients. The diagnostic potential of miR-328-5p for delayed healing was assessed through ROC curve analysis. Osteogenic differentiation of hFOB 1.19 cells was induced using osteogenic medium followed by evaluation of

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… Sun X Li X Qi H MiR-21 nanocapsules promote early bone repair of osteoporotic fractures by stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells J Orthop Translat 2020 24 76 87 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.007 32695607 PMC7349941 Sun X, Li X, Qi H, et al. … MiR-21 nanocapsules promote early bone repair of osteoporotic fractures by stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Translat. 2020;24:76–87. 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.007. 32695607 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.007 PMC7349941 55. …

Нанотехнология в области гематологии: усиление терапевтической эффективности с помощью нанопчастей.

Фон и цели Гематологические заболевания, такие, как лейкемия, лимфома и множественная миелома, вносят значительный вклад в глобальный диагноз рака. Несмотря на прогресс в традиционных методах лечения, таких, как химиотерапия и иммунотерапия, эти методы лечения сталкиваются с ограничениями, включая неконкретную адресность, побочные эффекты и резистентность к лекарствам. Цель этого обзора заключается в изучении потенциала нанотехнологии, в частности наночастиц (НФ), для улучшения терапевтических последствий для этих раковых заболеваний путем расширения поставок наркотиков и снижения токсичности.

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… They exist as nanospheres or nanocapsules (1–1000 nm) and can be synthesized from [ 94 ]: Synthetic polymers: Poly lactide Poly lactide‐co‐glycolide Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Natural polymers: Chitosan Alginate Gelatin Albumin Synthetic polymers enable extended drug release (days to weeks), while … Najlaoui F., Pigeon P., Aroui S., et al., “Anticancer Properties of Lipid and Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Nanocapsules Loaded With Ferrocenyl‐Tamoxifen Derivatives,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 70, no. 11 (October 2018): 1474–1484. 99. Dordunoo S. K., Jackson J. K., Arsenault L. A., Oktaba A. M. …

Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches.

Skin cancer is a global threat to the healthcare system and is estimated to incline tremendously in the next 20 years, if not diagnosed at an early stage. Even though it is curable at an early stage, novel drug identification, clinical success, and drug resistance is another major challenge. To bridge the gap and bring effective treatment, it is important to understand the etiology of skin carcinoma, the mechanism of cell proliferation, factors affecting cell growth, and the mechanism of drug resistance. The current article focusses on understanding the structural diversity of skin cancers, tr

Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basi

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… In another study, curcumin-loaded lipid-core poly (ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules coated with polysorbate 80 (C-LNCs) were developed. They exhibited 100% encapsulation efficiency [ 446 ]. … RES Nanocores and Nanocapsules Nanocores of RES using polyvinylpyrrolidone 17 PF (PVP K17) as the stabilizer and poloxamer 188 (F188) as the surfactant were developed by Hao and co-workers [ 483 ].RES nanocapsules containing RES nanocores coated with multilayered polyelectrolyte shells showed enhanced …

Интеграция нанотехнологий в онкологию для передовых стратегий наночастиц в целевую диагностику и лечение рака.

Рак остается одной из основных глобальных проблем в области здравоохранения. Обычная терапия часто ограничивается низкой избирательностью опухолей, системной токсичностью, резистентностью к многочисленным лекарствам и неоптимальными фармакокинетиками. Нанотехнология предлагает преобразующий подход в онкологии. Она позволяет осуществлять целенаправленные поставки наркотиков, контролировать или стимулировать их высвобождение и использовать многофункциональные платформы, сочетающие в себе терапию и диагностику. Нанопчасти повышают растворимость наркотиков, продлевают циркуляцию и повышают внутрик

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… Drugs can either be enclosed within these particles (forming nanospheres or nanocapsules) or attached to their surface, allowing for controlled and targeted release at the desired site [ 91 ]. … For example, indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules significantly reduced tumor size and extended survival in rats with glioma [ 95 ]. …

Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as Co-Delivery Systems for Enhanced Cancer Therapy.

Hybrid nanocarriers have realized a growing interest in drug delivery research because of the potential of being able to treat, manage or cure diseases that previously had limited therapy or cure. Cancer is currently considered the second leading cause of death globally. This makes cancer therapy a major focus in terms of the need for efficacious and safe drug formulations that can be used to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality globally. The major challenge encountered over the years with cancer chemotherapy is the non-selectivity of anticancer drugs, leading to severe adverse effects i

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… demonstrated that drugs were efficient in synergistically inhibiting PC3 and DU145 cells that are commonly found in prostate cancer compared to docetaxel alone. 91 Zafar and colleagues also found a hybrid lipid-polymer nanocarrier consisting of docetaxel- and thymoquinone-loaded chitosan-grafted lipid nanocapsules … Improved chemotherapeutic efficacy against resistant human breast cancer cells with co-delivery of docetaxel and thymoquinone by chitosan grafted lipid nanocapsules: formulation optimization, in vitro and in vivo studies. …

Bioabsorbable polymers in cancer therapy: latest developments.

Cancer is a devastating disease, being responsible for 13 % of all deaths worldwide. One of the main challenges in treating cancer concerns the fact that anti-cancer drugs are not highly specific for the cancer cells and the "death" of healthy cells in the course of chemotherapy treatment is inevitable. In this sense, the use of drug delivery systems (DDS) can be seen as a powerful tool to minimize or overcome this very important issue. DDS can be designed to target specific tissues in order to mitigate side effects. Bioabsorbable polymers, due to their inherent characteristics, and because th

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… Nanoparticles Nanoparticles can be divided into two categories: nanospheres (matrix system) and nanocapsules (reservoir system). Nanospheres correspond to a solid polymer matrix; in this case, the active compound can be either molecularly dissolved or heterogeneously dispersed within the matrix. … Nanocapsules are composed by a core and a shell; typically, the drug is in a cavity that is surrounded by the polymer shell [ 47 ]. …

Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits.

Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory s

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… Novel Delivery Systems of Polydatin Various novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles [ 238 ], liposomes [ 239 ], micelles [ 240 ], quantum dots [ 241 ], and polymeric nanocapsules [ 242 ], are designed to enhance polydatin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics [ 243 ]. … Polydatin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules are reported to have the same therapeutic effects as naïve polydatin against anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on LPS-induced changes in hippocampal organotypic cultures. …

Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer.

Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nano

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… Figure 6 Encapsulation mechanism models: drug entrapped in, dissolved in, or dispersed within and adsorbed on: ( a ) nanocapsules and ( b ) nanospheres [ 67 ]. 2.2. … PNPs have an average diameter of less than 1 µm; they are named nanocapsules or nanospheres depending on their composition. The preparation of PNPs involves two main strategies: the dispersion of preformed polymers or the polymerization of monomers. …

miR-21 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting PTEN.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and mechanism of miR-21 on the osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs.MethodsThe bilateral ovaries of C57BL/6J mice (n=24) were removed to construct an osteoporosis model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21, osteogenic/adipogenic genes, and PTEN. ALP and ARS and ORO staining were used to detect the formation of calcium nodules and lipid droplets in BMSCs. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PTEN.ResultsmiR-21 was significantly down-regulated in osteoporotic mice. The

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… 233 6041 6051 29319166 10.1002/jcp.26424 PMC5947671 17 Czarnecka AM Synoradzki K Firlej W Bartnik E Sobczuk P Fiedorowicz M Grieb P Rutkowski P Molecular Biology of Osteosarcoma Cancers (Basel) 2020 12 10.3390/cancers12082130 PMC7463657 32751922 18 Sun X Li X Qi H Hou X Zhao J Yuan X Ma X MiR-21 nanocapsules …

Delivery of miR-34a by chitosan/PLGA nanoplexes for the anticancer treatment of multiple myeloma.

The encapsulation of miR-34a into chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles in order to obtain nanoplexes useful for the modulation of the biopharmaceutical features of the active compound was studied. The nanoplexes were obtained through nanoprecipitation and were characterized by a mean diameter of ~160 nm, a good size distribution and a positive surface charge. The structure of the nanoparticles allowed a high level of entrapment efficiency of the miR-34a and provided protection of the genetic material from the effects of RNase. A high degree of transfection efficiency of the nanoplexes and a significant

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… Gemcitabine-loaded biocompatible nanocapsules for the effective treatment of human cancer . Nanomedicine (Lond) 8 , 193 – 201 ( 2013 ). 23094834 10.2217/nnm.12.101 Celia C. et al. …

Current landscape and future directions of targeted-alpha-therapy for glioblastoma treatment.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system. Despite two decades of intensive research since the establishment of the standard of care, emerging strategies have yet to produce consistent satisfactory outcomes. Because of its specific localisation and intricate characteristics, GB is a uniquely regulated solid tumour with a strong resistance to therapy. Advances in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), particularly with the introduction of a-emitting radionuclides, have unveiled potential avenues for the management of GB. Recent preclinical and clinical stud

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… Similarly, the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), a receptor involved in tumour survival, proliferation, and migration 170 - 172 , has demonstrated improved survival in a GB mouse model using a TRT approach with lipid nanocapsules loaded with rhenium-188 ( 188 Re) targeting CXCR4 173 . … For example, intracranial CED injection of lipid nanocapsules loaded with 188 Re resulted in 83% long-term survival in a rat GB model by effectively bypassing immunosuppressive barriers 156 . …

Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders.

Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal

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… For research purposes, numerous nanomaterials, including lipid-based nanomaterials (e.g., liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)), polymeric nanomaterials (e.g., micelles, dendrimers, nanocapsules, and nanospheres), and inorganic nanoparticles, have been utilized. … PTX/CpG co-loaded lipid nanocapsules dramatically increased the survival rate of orthotopic GL261 glioma-bearing mice compared to single-loaded PXT in the same system without CpG. …

Curcumin as a Multi-Target Bioactive Molecule: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the curcuma genus, has attracted considerable attention due to its simple chemical structure, favorable safety profile, and broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in curcumin research, with a specific focus on its therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, depression, and metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. It highlights curcumin's modulation of critical signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, JAK/STAT,

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… Beloqui et al. [ 62 ] compared three curcumin delivery systems (self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lipid-core-shell fish protein nanocapsules) both in vitro and in vivo. … Their results showed that the nanocapsules significantly enhanced curcumin permeability in Caco-2 monolayer cells. …