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The functional consequences of social distraction: Attention and memory for complex scenes.

Cognitive scientists have long proposed that social stimuli attract visual attention even when task irrelevant, but the consequences of this privileged status for memory are unknown. To address this, we combined computational approaches, eye-tracking methodology, and individual-differences measures. Participants searched for targets in scenes containing social or non-social distractors equated for low-level visual salience. Subsequent memory precision for target locations was tested. Individual differences in autistic traits and social anxiety were also measured. Eye-tracking revealed signific

Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Cohort Study.

IntroductionThis study examined the association between social determinants of health (SDHs) and cancer incidence in a nationally representative Chinese cohort.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study using data from 12,335 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2020). SDHs scores reflected favorable social conditions. Cox proportional hazards models estimated cancer risk across SDHs levels, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ResultsHigher SDHs scores were associated with a lower cancer risk (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.95), particularly among men (HR 0.6…

Convergent thyroid-ATPase interactions regulate collective behavior in Danionella.

Collective behavior emerges from socially interacting individuals. Across species, the social behavior of healthy adults is often not present in immature animals, in socially isolated animals, or in animals with certain genetic perturbations, including models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although social behavior is impaired in all these conditions, it remains unclear whether they act through shared or distinct genetic pathways. Here, we investigate the genetic regulators of collective schooling behavior in Danionella cerebrum, by applying RNA sequencing to the brains of animals with impa

Psychological resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and related psychiatric conditions in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), but none have examined whether factors such as psychological resilience and social support may protect against these conditions in this population. METHODS: A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF veterans completed a mail survey assessing traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, resilience, and social support. RESULTS: R

Socioeconomic mobility and tobacco consumption patterns in fish industry workers in Udupi District of coastal Karnataka.

AIM: The aim of this study was to understand the tobacco consumption patterns and their relationship with life course socioeconomic mobility among fish industry workers as this could provide important information in dealing with the tobacco problem in this very vulnerable population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Socioeconomic life course data and information about tobacco habits was collected from 102 fish industry workers. A subject was considered to be upwardly mobile if the family head's educational attainment and the number of earning members increased and the number of children and dependents

Cortical activity during social acceptance and rejection task in social anxiety disorder: A controlled functional near infrared spectroscopy study.

BACKGROUND: The cognitive and emotional vulnerability of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and their response to repeated exper … in terms of cortical activity in SAD subjects compared to healthy controls. Higher activity in both social conditions in SAD subjects compared to controls may imply biological sensitivity to these experiences and may underscore the importance of increased cortical activity during social interaction experiences as a putative mediator of vulnerability to SAD. Higher …

The clinical relevance of treating social phobia.

Social phobia is an extreme fear of being scrutinized by others in social situations that often culminates in avoidance of those situations. Studies have demonstrated marked educational, occupational and social disabilities in patients with social phobia. However, many sufferers do not seek help and are not detected when seeking medical advice for other conditions. The advent of a range of effective treatments, in particular the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, has substantially improved the prognosis in these sufferers, both symptomatically and in terms of quality of life.

A successful model for rapid triage of symptomatic patients at an HIV testing site in Haiti.

BACKGROUND: Attrition from HIV testing to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is high. Strengthening linkages in care from testing to treatment may reduce attrition. This study addresses the question: can social workers accurately identify symptomatic patients during HIV testing and fast-track them for rapid provision of services? METHODS: This study took place at the Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. We compared symptoms reported by social workers at HIV testing using a checklist to diagnoses made by physicians on an

Analysis of the status of social frailty in Chinese older adults with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: a national cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Social frailty is one type of frailty. Physical frailty with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) have been studied a lot, but less research on social frailty. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence, related risk factors and regional differences of social frailty with CCVD in Chinese older adults. METHODS: SSAPUR was a national cross-sectional survey. Participants aged 60 years or older were recruited in August 2015. Demographic data and information regarding family, health and medical conditions, living environment conditions, social participation, spiritual and cultu

Anxiety Sensitivity Domains are Differently Affected by Social and Non-social Autistic Traits.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is implicated in the development and maintenance of several psychopathological conditions. Non-clinical individuals with high autistic traits may develop anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms. Here, we investigated the relationships of autistic traits with AS dimensions and depression, considering sex. We referred to the two-factor model of the autism spectrum quotient to distinguish social and non-social autistic traits and assessed 345 university students on AS and depression scales. Results showed that only social autistic traits predicted general AS and anxiety

The illusion of conformity: when independent learning mimics social influence.

Although individuals tested in isolation often show substantial behavioral variation, they tend to behave more uniformly in groups, a pattern commonly attributed to social conformity (ie, a form of social learning in which individuals preferentially adopt the most common trait). However, evidence for social conformity in nonhuman animals remains debated, as group-level convergence can also arise from independent learning, where individuals adopt the trait maximizing their fitness. Such learning can generate either adaptive phenotypic convergence or pseudo-conformity when aligning with the grou

Tuakana-Teina relationship and leadership in ancient Mangaia and Aotearoa.

The relationship between tuakana and teina (the older and younger sibling or cousin of same sex) is the tumu (foundation, origin, cause) of rank in eastern Polynesia. By examining historical documents from selected island societies, namely, Mangaia and Aotearoa, we can understand the dynamics of this relationship as part of their world-view. Normally tuakana and teina had close, cooperative, mutually respectful and loyal relationships; the teina supporting their elder. Sometimes, however, the moral balance between them was affected either by one of them acting inappropriately towards the other

The treatment of extreme shyness in maladjusted children by implosive, counselling and conditioning approaches.

This article deals with the reason why little research has been conducted into the area of timidity or shyness in children, and the effect this has on their socialisation and learning. The study attempts to define and treat the problem of timidity by: reducing anxiety both general and specific; developing greater assertiveness in the child's behaviour; promoting the ability to communicate effectively with other people; discovering and treating the areas which are creating feelings of inadequacy by reducing or eliminating them; investigating parental background and trying to influence this, and

Health Equity Among Black Women in the United States.

Black women in the United States have experienced substantial improvements in health during the last century, yet health disparities persist. These health disparities are in large part a reflection of the inequalities experienced by Black women on a host of social and economic measures. In this paper, we examine the structural contributors to social and economic conditions that create the landscape for persistent health inequities among Black women. Demographic measures related to the health status and health (in)equity of Black women are reviewed. Current rates of specific physical and mental

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… Health outcomes do not occur independent of the social conditions in which they exist. … These social conditions create the environment for health disparities to exist and persist. …

Towards person-centred quality care for children with life-limiting and life-threatening illness: Self-reported symptoms, concerns and priority outcomes from a multi-country qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric life-limiting and life-threatening conditions (life-limiting conditions) place significant strain on children, families and health systems. Given high service use among this population, it is essential that care addresses their main symptoms and concerns. AIM: This study aimed to identify the symptoms, concerns and other outcomes that matter to children with life-limiting conditions and their families in sub-Saharan Africa. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional qualitative study in Kenya, Namibia, South Africa and Uganda. Children/caregivers of children aged 0-17 y

The effect of social identity on objective and perceived social support in groups.

The social identity approach posits that social identity fosters mutual social support within groups. However, prior research has relied almost exclusively on individual-level self-report measures, neglecting the mutuality of support and the group as a unit of analysis. This pre-registered one-factorial online experiment with three-person groups (N = 306 group members; N = 102 groups) examined how social identity shapes objective mutual support, perceived provided and received support and the perceived benevolence of received support. Following a pre-tested identity manipulation (N = 120), gro

Social phobia: a debilitating disease that needs treatment.

Social phobia is a recognized clinical condition and is at least as well defined as other psychiatric disorders in which no brain damage has been identified. There are both qualitative and quantitative differences between pathological and normal anxiety. The separation of social phobia from normal shyness is clear from the distress suffered, the impact on daily activities, the duration of the condition and the qualitative difference of the anxiety experienced in social phobia.

Assessing Crisis Pregnancy Centers' Capacity for Supporting Perinatal Clients with Social Complexity in Rural Maternal Health Care Shortage Areas.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant people in rural communities experience constrained social services and economic supports, increased social complexities, and limited access to maternal health care. Within this environment, crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) have proliferated to serve rural perinatal populations in the United States. CPCs provide wraparound services to pregnant and postpartum people and their families, but little is known about the services provided for pregnant people with social complexities that increase maternal morbidity risk. We examine CPC leaders' perceived function in providing care