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A comparison of patients receiving vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the public and private hospital setting.

PURPOSE: Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a new growth-modulating surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requiring a distinct skillset and intraoperative setup. We compared perioperative details and outcomes of VBTs performed in a public pediatric orthopedic hospital and a general private hospital setting. METHODS: We identified all patients receiving VBT for AIS from 1/2020 to 12/2023 with ≥ 6 months post-operative follow-up, with surgeries performed by the same senior surgeons. Clinical, radiological, and surgical details were retrieved. RESULTS: 24 VBTs were performed in the p…

Comparative study of the ciliary body and iris morphology in the anterior eye chamber of five different vertebrate classes.

One crucial component of the optical system is the ciliary body (CB). This body secretes the aqueous humour, which is essential to maintain the internal eye pressure as well as the clearness of the lens and cornea. The histological study was designed to provide the morphological differences of CB and iris in the anterior eye chambers of the following vertebrate classes: fish (grass carp), amphibians (Arabian toad), reptiles (semiaquatic turtle, fan-footed gecko, ocellated skink, Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard, Arabian horned viper), birds (common pigeon, common quail, common kestrel), and mammal

Evolutionary rates and shape variation along the anuran vertebral column with attention to phylogeny, body size, and ecology.

The vertebral column is critical to a vertebrate species' flexibility and skeletal support, making vertebrae a clear target for selection. Anurans (frogs and toads) have a unique, truncated vertebral column that appears constrained to provide axial rigidity for efficient jumping. However, no study has examined how presacral vertebrae shape varies among anuran species at the macroevolutionary scale nor how intrinsic (developmental and phylogenetic) and extrinsic (ecological) factors may have influenced vertebrae shape evolution. We used microCT scans and phylogenetic comparative methods to exam

The Role of 3D-Printed Custom-Made Vertebral Body Implants in the Treatment of Spinal Tumors: A Systematic Review.

In spinal surgery, 3D prothesis represents a useful instrument for spinal reconstruction after the removal of spinal tumors that require an "en bloc" resection. This represents a complex and demanding procedure, aiming to restore spinal length, alignment and weight-bearing capacity and to provide immediate stability. Thus, in this systematic review the authors searched the literature to investigate and discuss the advantages and limitations of using 3D-printed custom-made vertebral bodies in the treatment of spinal tumors. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA (Pref

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… Thus, in this systematic review, the authors searched the literature to investigate and discuss the advantages and limitations of using 3D-printed custom-made vertebral bodies in the treatment of spinal tumors. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. … Upper cervical spine reconstruction using customized 3D-printed vertebral body in 9 patients with primary tumors involving C2 Ann. Transl. Med. 2020 8 332 10.21037/atm.2020.03.32 32355776 PMC7186708 17. Yang X. Wan W. Gong H. Xiao J. …

Accuracy and Reliability of Computer-aided Anatomical Measurements for Vertebral Body and Disc Based on Computed Tomography Scans.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the computed tomography (CT)-based method of three-dimensional (3D) analysis (Mimics) was accurate and reliable for spine surgical anatomical measurements. METHODS: A total of 40 lumbar segments and 32 inter-vertebral discs from eigth adult male cadavers without fractures or deformities fixed with the classical formaldehyde method were included in this research on 5 June 2017. CT scans including seven dimensions: anterior height of the vertebral body (VBHa), middle height of the vertebral body (VBHm), posterior height of the vertebral body (VBHp), width of the upp…

Significance of Vertebral Body Sliding Osteotomy as a Surgical Strategy for the Treatment of Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: Vertebral body sliding osteotomy (VBSO) has previously been reported as a technique to decompress ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) by translating the vertebral body anteriorly. This study aimed to evaluate the radiological and clinical efficacies of VBSO and clarify the surgical indications of VBSO for treating myelopathy caused by OPLL. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with symptomatic OPLL-induced cervical myelopathy treated with VBSO or laminoplasty who were followed up for more than 2 years were retrospectively…

Cilia-driven cerebrospinal fluid flow directs expression of urotensin neuropeptides to straighten the vertebrate body axis.

Straightening of the body axis is a major morphogenetic event that produces the typical head-to-tail shape of the vertebrate embryo. Defects in axial straightening can lead to debilitating disorders such as idiopathic scoliosis, characterized by three-dimensional curvatures of the spine1. Although abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow has been implicated in the development of idiopathic scoliosis2, the molecular mechanisms operating downstream of CSF flow remain obscure. Here we show that, in zebrafish embryos, cilia-driven CSF flow transports adrenergic signals that induce urotensin neurope

A Posterior Oblique Approach to the Lumbar Disk Spaces, Vertebral Bodies, and Lumbar Plexus: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study.

STUDY DESIGN: A laboratory cadaveric study. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a posterior oblique approach, sharing the same advantages as the transpsoas technique while minimizing the risk of lumbar plexus or psoas muscle injuries. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The transpsoas approach for interbody fusion and corpectomy offers advantages over posterior and anterior approaches. However, possible risks include traumatization of the psoas muscle or lumbar plexus. METHODS: All lumbar disk spaces and vertebral bodies were exposed by a posterior oblique approach from left and r

Stiffness of the endplate boundary layer and endplate surface topography are associated with brittleness of human whole vertebral bodies.

Stress magnitude and variability as estimated from large scale finite element (FE) analyses have been associated with compressive strength of human vertebral cancellous cores but these relationships have not been explored for whole vertebral bodies. In this study, the objectives were to investigate the relationship of FE-calculated stress distribution parameters with experimentally determined strength, stiffness, and displacement based ductility measures in human whole vertebral bodies, investigate the effect of endplate loading conditions on vertebral stiffness, strength, and ductility and te

[Effects of a combined regime of auricular-plaster and body acupuncture in treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type].

OBJECTIVE: To study effects of a combined regime of auricular-plaster and body acupuncture in treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type and make a preliminary revelation of the mechanism. METHODS: Ninety-two patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, the treatment group (n = 56) received the combined regime of auricular-plaster and body acupuncture, and the control group (n = 36) received treatment with body acupuncture. Clinical symptoms and signs, therapeutic effect and some indexes about vertebrobasilar hema-kinetics and hema-rheology were investigated before and after

The surgical technique of anterior cervical fusion using bone grafts obtained from cervical vertebral bodies.

The authors describe the surgical technique of anterior cervical fusion using bone grafts obtained from cervical vertebral bodies. This series consisted of 90 patients with cervical intervertebral disc disease suffering from cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Thirty-five patients were operated on at one level, 33 at two levels, and 22 at three levels. Postoperative x-ray films showed solid bone fusion in all patients at a mean follow-up time of 24 months (range 1 year to 3 years 6 months). Anterior angulation was found in four (4.4%) of the 90 patients. This surgical procedure has two major adva

The posterior surface of the lumbar vertebral bodies. Part 2: An anatomic investigation concerning the curvatures in the horizontal plane.

The horizontal curvatures of the posterior surfaces of the lumbar vertebral bodies have been quantitatively evaluated by means of a simple measuring device. The measurements have been done near the superior and inferior vertebral margins. The aims of the study were: to obtain exact information on the degrees of curvatures and their interindividual variations and further compare the information obtained with current knowledge of the relevant embryologic and mechanical factors involved to explain the curvatures and to use the results as a basis for a theory on the development of some of the form

VerteRo: A Fully Automated Deep Neural Network Tool for Estimating Axial Vertebral Body Rotation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study DesignRetrospective validation study.ObjectivesTo develop and validate VerteRo, a fully automated deep learning-based tool that estimates axial vertebral body rotation (VBR) from standard posteroanterior (PA) scoliosis radiographs with high accuracy, overcoming the limitations of categorical grading systems.MethodsA multi-stage convolutional neural network pipeline incorporating automated region-of-interest (ROI) extraction, vertebral segmentation, pedicle localization, and geometric rotation estimation was trained on 97 AIS radiographs. Three object detection architectures (Faster R-CNN…

Where does the tether break in vertebral body tethering cases? Clinical insights from revision cases after tether breakage.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the sites where the tether breaks in vertebral body tethering (VBT) cases. METHODS: Intraoperative evaluation of broken tethers in patients who had anterior revision. INCLUSION CRITERIA: anterior revision of VBT cases with explantation of the full implant and photo documentation. Eight patients met the inclusion criteria. The primary variable of interest was the location of tether breakage in relation to the vertebral curve and the tether-screw interface. Another variable of interest was to evaluate the difference in breakage rates between anterior and posterior tethers …

Outcomes after vertebral body tethering for Lenke type 5 scoliosis continue to improve: analysis of different surgical techniques.

PURPOSE: Vertebral Body Tethering (VBT) is a motion-preserving surgical technique for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), particularly for thoracolumbar (TL) curves. While the technique has demonstrated potential benefits, its outcomes remain less predictable compared to posterior spinal fusion (PSF), with complications, such as tether breakages and revision surgeries. This study evaluates the impact of surgical experience and implant modifications on the outcomes of TL VBT for Lenke type 5 curves. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all consecutive AIS patients who…

Evaluating Surgical Strategies for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Meta-Analysis of Posterior Spinal Fusion and Vertebral Body Tethering.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal deformity commonly affecting adolescents worldwide. Surgical management traditionally involves posterior spinal fusion (PSF), which achieves stable deformity correction but may limit spinal motion and growth potential. Vertebral body tethering (VBT) has emerged as a motion-preserving alternative aimed at modulating spinal growth while correcting curvature. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared PSF and VBT in terms of deformity correction, complication and revision rates, and postoperative functional outcomes. Data …

Comparative impact of body composition from abdominal computed tomography and paraspinal muscle degeneration on subsequent vertebral fracture risk.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a growing public health concern, particularly as a complication of osteoporosis, and significantly increase the risk of subsequent VCFs. This study aimed to elucidate the independent contributions of body composition and paraspinal muscle degeneration to subsequent VCFs. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with acute VCF between 2013 and 2022 who met the following criteria: undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT) within ±7 days of diagnosis and having a clinical follow-up of ≥1 year. These patients w

LumVertCancNet: A novel 3D lumbar vertebral body cancellous bone location and segmentation method based on hybrid Swin-transformer.

Lumbar vertebral body cancellous bone location and segmentation is crucial in an automated lumbar spine processing pipeline. Accurate and reliable analysis of lumbar spine image is expected to advantage practical medical diagnosis and population-based analysis of bone strength. However, the design of automated algorithms for lumbar spine processing is demanding due to significant anatomical variations and scarcity of publicly available data. In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformers (Vits) have been the de facto standard in medical image segmentation. Although…

Torque forces of expandable titanium vertebral body replacement cages during expansion and subsidence in the osteoporotic lumbar spine.

BACKGROUND: The application of expandable titanium-cages has gained widespread use in vertebral body replacement for indications such as burst fractures, tumors and infectious destruction. However, torque forces necessary for a satisfactory expansion of these implants and for subsidence of them into the adjacent vertebrae are unknown within the osteoporotic spine. METHODS: Six fresh-frozen human, osteoporotic, lumbar spines were dorsally instrumented with titanium implants (L2-L4) and a partial corpectomy of L3 was performed. An expandable titanium-cage was inserted ventrally and expanded by …

Analysis of three-dimensional spine growth for vertebral body tethering patients at 2 and 5 years post operatively.

PURPOSE: Scoliosis can be treated with vertebral body tethering (VBT) as a motion-sparing procedure. However, the knowledge of how growth is affected by a tether spanning multiple levels is unclear in the literature. Three-dimensional true spine length (3D-TSL) is a validated assessment technique that accounts for the shape of the spine in both the coronal and sagittal planes. This study aimed to assess if 3D-TSL increases over a five-year period after VBT implantation in thoracic curves for idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: Prospectively collected radiographic data from an international pediatr…