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Dual-purpose production of genetically different chicken crossbreeds in Ethiopia. 2. Egg and meat production of the final-crossbreed females and males.

Females and males of 7 commercial (ComCb) and 3 experimental (ExpCb) crossbreeds were produced by 6 imported parent stocks (PS) and 1 local PS. The ComCb were Dominant Red Barred (DR), Dominant Sussex (DS), Lohmann Brown (LB), Lohmann-Dual, NOVOgen Brown (NB), NOVOgen Color (NC), and local Koekoek (KK). The ExpCb were (dams × sires) DR × KK (R × K), DS × DR (S × R), and KK × DS (K × S). The females were reared to 60 wk of age, and recorded data included BW, BWG, feed intake, egg number, and egg weight, allowing the calculation of egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The males were reared

Two Proximally Close Priority Candidate Genes for diplopodia-1, an Autosomal Inherited Craniofacial-Limb Syndrome in the Chicken: MRE11 and GPR83.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and expression technologies were utilized to investigate the genes and sequence elements in a 586 kb region of chicken chromosome 1 associated with the autosomal recessive diplopodia-1 (dp-1) mutation. This mutation shows a syndromic phenotype similar to known human developmental abnormalities (e.g., cleft palate, polydactyly, omphalocele [exposed viscera]). Toward our goal to ascertain the variant responsible, the entire 586 kb region was sequenced following utilization of a specifically designed capture array and to confirm/validate fine-mapping results. Bioi

Coupling metabolomics analysis and DOE optimization strategy towards enhanced IBDV production by chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by IBD virus (IBDV) is highly contagious viral and vaccination in chicken embryo has been an effective mean to prevent acute infection. However, the current production of IBDV vaccine faces serious batch instability and external contamination. The chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line DF-1 is widely used for the proliferation of avian viruses and vaccine production. Thus, optimizing the production of IBDV by DF-1 cells has an important application value. Combining metabolomics analysis and a Design of Experiments (DOE) statistical strategy, this study su

Retrospective analysis of infectious laryngotracheitis in backyard chicken flocks in California, 2007-2017, and determination of strain origin by partial ICP4 sequencing.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) can cause severe losses in backyard flocks (BYFs) and commercial poultry. The prevalence of ILT, the circulating strains of ILT virus (ILTV) in BYFs, and the correlation of disease in BYF and commercial operations, is largely unknown. Of 8,656 BYF submissions, 88 cases of ILT were diagnosed at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System in 2007-2017. ILT diagnosis by year varied from 0.19% to 1.7% of the total BYF submissions, with the highest number of cases submitted from Amador and Riverside counties. Moderate tracheitis, conjunctivitis,

Enterovirus типа 71-иммунизированный желток иммуноглобулин из цыпленка иммуноглобулина имеет перекрестную антивирусную активность против коксакевируса A16 in vitro.

В целях использования перекрестной пассивной иммунотерапии для лечения энтровирусной болезни, вызванной ручными ступнями и яичниками (HFMD), была проведена перекрестная антивирусная активность нейтрализующего антитела против энтовируса 71 (EV71) и коксакиевируса A16 (CVA16), которая была исследована in vitro. Белые цыплята, не содержащие патогенов, были иммунизированы антигенами EV71, и из яичного желтка цыпленка был получен отдельный иммуноглобулин (IgY). IgY была дополнительно очищена и характеризовалась проведением испытаний на диффузию агара ПБ-ПАГЕ, ELISA, западной пятнистости и двунаправ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
To exploit a cross passive immunotherapy for enterovirus-induced hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), the cross antiviral activity of a neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was investigated in vitro. White Leghorn specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized with EV71 antigens and a specific isolated immunoglobu…

Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated from chicken carcasses: potential zoonotic risk.

Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen often associated with a variety of human infections acquired both in the community and in hospitals. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants of 32 P. mirabilis strains isolated from chicken carcasses in a poultry slaughterhouse in the north of the state of Paraná, Brazil, in order to assess a potential zoonotic risk. The isolates presented a variety of virulence genes that contribute to the development of infection in humans.

Detection of chicken interleukin-10 production in intestinal epithelial cells and necrotic enteritis induced by Clostridium perfringens using capture ELISA.

AIMS: To assess the production level of interleukin (IL)-10 inClostridium perfringens (CP)-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and CP-infected chickens using an antigen capture ELISA developed by mouse monoclonal antibodies against chicken IL-10. Also, to investigate which CP toxins induced IL-10 in chicken IECs stimulated with CP. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chicken IECs were stimulated with CP toxin in the absence or presence of antibodies (α-toxin or NetB) for 18 h. Expression of chicken IL-10 and IL-6 was monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum and jejunum …

Genetics, antigenicity and virulence properties of three infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from a single tracheal sample in a chicken with respiratory problems.

Three different IBV genotypes/serotypes, designated ck/CH/LDL/150434-I (LDL/150434-I), ck/CH/LDL/150434-II (LDL/150434-II) and ck/CH/LDL/150434-III (LDL/150434-III), were detected in a single tracheal sample from a chicken showing signs of respiratory disease. The viruses were isolated using a cross-neutralization test and limiting dilution in embryonated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs. Isolate LDL/150434-I was a re-isolation of H120 vaccine strain that was introduced into the chicken flock by vaccination, transmitted between chickens, and later accumulated several genomic mutations. Isolat…

Residue Depletion of Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine in Broiler Chicken Claws and a Comparison of Their Concentrations in Edible Tissues Using LC⁻MS/MS.

Antimicrobial residues might persist in products and by-products destined for human or animal consumption. Studies exploring the depletion b … compared with their concentrations in edible tissues at each sampling point. A group of 70 broiler chickens were raised under controlled conditions and used to assess residue depletion. Sampling points were on days 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 after ceasing treatment, thus extending beyond the withdrawal period established for muscle tissue (30 days). An …

Immortalization of chicken embryonic liver-derived cell line by stable expression of hMRP18S-2 for serotype 4 fowl adenovirus propagation.

Inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome caused by serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) have emerged in China since 2013. FAdV is usually propagated in primary chicken embryonic liver cells or embryo yolk sac. The aim of this work was to develop an immortalized CEL cell line by stable expression of human mitochondrial ribosomal protein 18S-2, named CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells, for the propagation of FAdV-4. The maximum cell density of CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells could reach 2.65 × 106 cells/ml in four-days culture. According to the mRNA levels of cell-cycle related genes in CEL-hMRP18S-

Role in virulence of phospholipases, listeriolysin O and listeriolysin S from epidemic Listeria monocytogenes using the chicken embryo infection model.

Most human listeriosis outbreaks are caused by Listeria monocytogenes evolutionary lineage I strains which possess four exotoxins: a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PlcA), a broad-range phospholipase C (PlcB), listeriolysin O (LLO) and listeriolysin S (LLS). The simultaneous contribution of these molecules to virulence has never been explored. Here, the importance of these four exotoxins of an epidemic lineage I L. monocytogenes strain (F2365) in virulence was assessed in chicken embryos infected in the allantoic cavity. We show that LLS does not play a role in virulence while L

Occurrence of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) in two African Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from diseased chicken flocks.

Two P. mirabilis strains, PmSHR21 and PmSHR38, were collected from chicken flocks in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt in 2016. The two strains showed multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotypes and were detected to harbour I) floR and sul1 genes conferring resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides, respectively, II) a ~1.9 kbp class 1 integron containing aadA2-lnuF genes conferring resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin, and lincosamides, respectively. Interestingly, the two strains were detected to contain SGI1 variant, SGI1-W and inserted between the 3' end of the chromosomal

Effect of feed supplementation with zinc glycine chelate and zinc sulfate on cytokine and immunoglobulin gene expression profiles in chicken intestinal tissue.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of inorganic and organic forms of Zn on the expression of cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β) and immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) in the tissues of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) of broiler chickens. In the experiment, 90 broiler chickens were divided into 4 experimental groups and a control group, with 18 birds each. The birds received Zn supplements in inorganic form with and without phytase (ZnSO4 and ZnSO4 + F), and in organic form with glycine, with and without phytase (Zn-Gly and Zn-Gly + F). The tota…

A Novel Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus t11469 and a Poultry Endemic Strain t002 (ST5) Are Present in Chicken in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from a hospital-associated pathogen to an organism commonly found in the community and in livestock reflects an organism well-equipped to survive in diverse environments and adjust to different environmental conditions including antimicrobial use. METHODS: We investigated the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus and MRSA in poultry in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Samples were collected from 1800 birds on 9 different farms within the state. Positive isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and molecu

Dynamics of acid-base and hematological regulation in day 15 chicken embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus) exposed to graded hypercapnia and hypoxia.

Most experiments examining acid-base regulation of chicken embryos have employed static, single time point measurements rather than dynamic, multiple time point measurements that might reveal additional components of developing acid-base regulation. Thus, we studied blood acid-base balance and hematology of day 15 chicken embryos under 24h exposure to graded hypercapnia (1%-7% CO2) accompanied by graded hypoxia (20% O2 down to 13% O2). Across all hypercapnic/hypoxic environments, respiratory acidosis occurred 2h after exposure in proportion to the magnitude of hypercapnia. An additional metabo

The route of inoculation dictates the replication patterns of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) pathogenic strain and chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine.

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) has a high proclivity to replicate in the larynx and trachea of chickens causing severe lesions. There is a lack of knowledge on the ability of ILTV to replicate in other respiratory associated tissues apart from in the trachea. The objective of this study was to investigate how tissues that first encounter the virus dictate further sites of viral replication during the lytic stage of infection. Replication patterns of the pathogenic strain 63140 and the chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine in the conjunctiva, the Harderian gland, nasal cavity and trach…

The Effect of Sodium Valproate on the Glioblastoma U87 Cell Line Tumor Development on the Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane and on EZH2 and p53 Expression.

Literature data support evidences that glioblastoma (GBM) patients experience prolonged survival due to sodium valproate (NaVP) treatment. The study assessed the human GBM cell U87 xenograft studied in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model evaluating NaVP effect on tumor. Three groups of tumors (each n = 10) were studied: nontreated, treated with 4 mM, and treated with 8 mM of NaVP. The majority of tumors without NaVP treatment during tumor growth destroyed the chorionic epithelium, invaded the mesenchyme, and induced angiogenesis. Incidence of tumor formation on CAM without

Draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Brancaster strain PS01 isolated from chicken meat, Malaysia.

OBJECTIVES: Salmonella spp. represent one of the main diarrhoeal pathogens that are transmitted via the food supply chain. Here we report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Brancaster (PS01) that was isolated from poultry meat in Malaysia. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from Salmonella strain PS01 and was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The generated reads were de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench. The draft genome was annotated and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was identified. RESULTS: The 5 036 442b

Purification of chicken IgY by binding capture using elastin-like polypeptide-tagged immunoglobulin-binding domain of streptococcal protein G.

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is a superior alternative to mammalian immunoglobulin, but its practical application is limited due to the complex purification procedure. In this study, the C2 domain of streptococcal protein G (SPG) with the binding affinity for chicken IgY was expressed in E. coli as an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fusion protein, and purified to a high purity by inverse transition cycling (ITC). Binding experiments showed that chicken IgY could bind to and eluted off the ELP-C2 fusion protein in pH-, temperature- and/or time-dependent manners. By using the ELP-C2 pro

The impact of synbiotic administration through in ovo technology on the microstructure of a broiler chicken small intestine tissue on the 1st and 42nd day of rearing.

BACKGROUND: According to research, fast skating on short distances increases functional asymmetry of leg muscles. As has been proven in many sporting disciplines, this asymmetry can increase the risk of injury. The aim of the study was to analyze the level of right and left myolectrical manifestations of fatigue asymmetry of gluteus maximus muscle in elite skaters on a short track and to compare this phenomenon to a control group. The muscles were chosen deliberately, due to their influence in maintaining the right position during training on ice. METHODS: The experiment compared a group of e