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Immunoglobulin G complexes from post-infectious ME/CFS, including post-COVID ME/CFS disrupt cellular energetics and alter inflammatory marker secretion.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmunity is a key clinical feature in both post-infectious Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC). Passive transfer of immunoglobulins from patients' sera into mice induces some clinical features of PASC. However, the physiological effects of immunoglobulins on cellular alterations remain elusive. In this study, we tested the potential effects of immunoglobulins from ME/CFS patients on endothelial cell dysfunction. METHODS: We have isolated immunoglobulins from 106 individuals, including ME/CFS (n = 39), PCS-CFS (n =…

B7-H3 upregulation in ischemic stroke: friend or foe?

B7-H3 (CD276) is an immune checkpoint co-signaling molecule expressed on immune and non-immune cells. It is best known for suppressing T-cell responses but can also promote inflammation depending on the microenvironment. In neuroinflammatory models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, B7-H3 expression increases concomitantly with the inflammatory response, and its inhibition is associated with reduced disease progression. Although its role in ischemic stroke remains unclear, we hypothesized that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) would upregulate B7-H3 expression in the ischemic…

Ketogenic diet fails to mitigate seizures and neuroinflammatory responses in a mouse model of virus-induced epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate intervention widely used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, thought to red … KD on seizure burden, neuroimmune responses, and gut microbiota composition in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of virus-induced epilepsy. METHODS: Mice were maintained on either a KD or a normal diet prior to intracerebral TMEV infection. Seizures were induced by handling and scored twice daily from day 3 to 7 postinfection. Neuroimmune r …

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Critically Ill Children with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is increasingly used in pediatric neuroimmunological disorders; however, evidence remains limi … myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) (n = 3), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 2), and mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) (n = 1). The median interval from symptom onset to TPE initiation was 9 days (IQR, 6-13), and patients underwent a median of 7 TPE sessions (IQR, 5-10.5). …

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosed as acute cerebral infarction: A case report.

RATIONALE: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that exhibits a broad spectrum of known clinical phenotypes, including optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and brainstem encephalitis. However, new evidence indicates that a small subset of patients may present with cortical cerebral encephalitis (CCE). When CCE manifests as acute unilateral limb weakness, it may closely mimic acute cerebral infarction (ACI), resulting…

Multimodal NIRS-MRI reveals cortical hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and mitochondrial changes in a mouse model of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

Abnormal oxidative metabolism and tissue hypoxia could exacerbate multiple sclerosis. Research in both animal models and people with multiple sclerosis shows increased inflammation, reduced cerebral blood flow, damage to mitochondria, and loss of myelin. Understanding such abnormalities is crucial for developing effective treatments. In this study, we apply a multimodal imaging approach-combining near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with 9.4T MRI-to investigate the cortical gray matter of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Female C…

Six-Month Visual Outcomes in Pediatric Optic Neuritis: A Multicenter Study From South Korea.

BACKGROUND: Current knowledge regarding the causes, clinical course, treatment response, and long-term outcomes of pediatric optic neuritis … y-associated disease (n = 30 [68.2%]), isolated optic neuritis (n = 11 [25.0%]), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (n = 2 [4.5%]), multiple sclerosis (n = 1 [2.3%]). No patients had neuromyelitis optica. At the 6-month follow-up, 50.0% showed improvement in the visual category, 50.0% maintained their visual category, and none experienced deterioration. There wer …

Beyond dissemination criteria: lesion-based longitudinal MRI of atypical demyelinating lesions at the boundary of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Revisions of the McDonald diagnostic criteria have improved the sensitivity of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis by incorporatin … yzed 39 Japanese patients with AIIDLs, classified into multiple spotty lesions (MSLs), disseminated encephalomyelitis-like lesions (DEMLs), leukoencephalopathy-like lesions (LELs), and tumefactive lesions (TLs), and compared them with 97 patients with radiologically typical MS. Longitudinal MRI analyses evaluated lesion morphology, distribution, volume, and central …

Регулярная молекула-а регулирует ответные реакции, связанные с нейтрофильом TH17 в CNS автоиммунитет.

МЯСО И АЙМ: Отталкивающая молекула наведения-А (RGMA) хорошо известна своей ролью в нейро-воспалении и ремонте CNS с помощью Т-образных клеток. Врожденные иммунные взаимодействия, особенно между нейтрофилами и клетками TH17, становятся критическими движущими силами нейроинфламматической патологии в множестве склерозов (MS). Вопрос о том, регулирует ли РГМ эти связанные с нейтрофильом ответы TH17, остается в значительной степени неизвестным. Уточнение этого механизма может выявить новые терапевтические цели для НР. МЕТОДЫ: Уровни сера РГМ, БМП4, нейтрофильная эластаза (NE), IL-17A, и подстрекат

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Repulsive guidance molecule-A (RGMa) is well-known for its roles in T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and CNS repair. In … l activation, Th17-associated responses, and T-cell migration. In parallel, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were treated with RGMa-mAb to assess neuroinflammation and BMP4-SMAD-related signaling changes in vivo. RESULTS: Serum RGMa and NE were elevated in acute-phase MS patients versus both remission and healthy controls (p < 0.05), whereas IL …

B7-H3 upregulation in ischemic stroke: friend or foe?

B7-H3 (CD276) is an immune checkpoint co-signaling molecule expressed on immune and non-immune cells. It is best known for suppressing T-cell responses but can also promote inflammation depending on the microenvironment. In neuroinflammatory models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, B7H3 expression increases concomitantly with the inflammatory response, and its inhibition is associated with reduced disease progression. Although its role in ischemic stroke remains unclear, we hypothesized that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) would upregulate B7-H3 expression in the ischemic …

Intestinal dysbiosis alters acute seizure burden and antiseizure medicine activity in Theiler's virus model of encephalitis.

OBJECTIVE: Brain infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6J mice produces an etiologically relevant model of acquired seizures. Dietary changes can modify seizure presentation following TMEV brain infection and influence intestinal microbiome diversity and composition. Intestinal dysbiosis may thus similarly affect seizure burden and antiseizure medicine (ASM) activity in this model, independent of pharmacokinetic effects. We thus sought to define the influence of antibiotic (ABX)-induced gut dysbiosis on acute seizure presentation, anticonvulsant activity of ca…

Safety of nOPV2 administered during a supplementary immunisation activity in Uganda, 2022: data triangulation from a prospective cohort event monitoring programme and vaccine safety surveillance reports.

BACKGROUND: In November, 2020, WHO authorised novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) use under Emergency Use Listing in response to outbrea … , 109 adverse events were considered serious; six (fever, gastroenteritis (n=3), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and encephalitis) were determined by the National AEFI Committee to be consistent with causal association to immunisation with nOPV2. No cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis were detected. One death was detected, considered inconsist …

Нейтрофильные кластеры, связанные с аутоиммунной неевроинфламмацией.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное демиелинизирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся многофукаловым воспалением и аксонным дегенерацией, вызванное врожденными и адаптивными иммунными клетками. Деятельность иммунных клеток регулируется маршрутом Janus Kinase (JAK)/Сигналовые датчики и активаторы транскрипции (STAT)/Сверхпрессоры цитокина (SOCS), причем белки SOCS функционируют в качестве негативных регуляторов. Используя экспериментальную аутоиммунную модель энцефаломелита (EAE) MS, наша предыдущая работа показала, что у мышей, не имеющих Socs3 в миэлоидн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal inflammation … activity, with SOCS proteins functioning as negative regulators. Using the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, our prior work demonstrated that mice lacking Socs3 in myeloid cells (Socs3 ΔLysM) developed severe, brain-targeted EAE (btEAE), with increased cerebellar infiltration of activated neutrophils. To define neutrophil-specific roles, …

Is there a rationale for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the patients with Post COVID syndrome? : A critical review.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in 762 million infections worldwide from 2020 to date, of which approximately ten percent are suffering from the effects after infection in 2019 (COVID-19) [1, 40]. In Germany, it is now assumed that at least one million people suffer from post-COVID condition with long-term consequences. These have been previously reported in diseases like Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Symptoms show a changing variability and recent surveys in the COVID context indicate that 10-30 % of outpatients, 50 to 70% of hospitalised patients suf…

Diet composition and sterilization modifies intestinal microbiome diversity and burden of Theiler's virus infection-induced acute seizures.

OBJECTIVE: Brain infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6J mice can induce acquired epileptogenesis. Diet alters acute seizure incidence in TMEV-infected mice; yet it is unclear whether intestinal dysbiosis may also impact acute or chronic behavioral comorbidities. This study thus assessed the impact of diet formulation and sterilization on acute seizure presentation, gut microbiome composition, and epilepsy-related chronic behavioral comorbidities. METHODS: Baseline fecal samples were collected from male C57BL/6J mice (4- to 5-weeks-old; Jackson Labs) upon fa…

Immunometabolic changes and potential biomarkers in CFS peripheral immune cells revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

The pathogenesis of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) remains unclear, though increasing evidence suggests inflammatory processes play key roles. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used to decipher the immunometabolic profile in 4 ME/CFS patients and 4 heathy controls. We analyzed changes in the composition of major PBMC subpopulations and observed an increased frequency of total T cells and a significant reduction in NKs, monocytes, cDCs and pDCs. Further investigation revealed even more complex cha…

Current update on the neurological manifestations of long COVID: more questions than answers.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a global surge in patients presenting with prolonged or late-onset debilitating … f these features overlap substantially with those reported in post-intensive-care syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and postural-orthostatic-tachycardia syndrome. Advances in data-driven research utilizing electronic-health-records combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence have propelled the identification …

Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes Associated With Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To define the clinical and immunologic profile of patients with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) associ … myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) (14/47, 29%), rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome (11/47, 23%), and encephalomyelitis (EM) (8/47, 17%) were the most common associated clinical phenotypes. The most frequently associated neural antibodies (Abs) were voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC)-Abs (14/45, 31%), followed by Hu-Abs (8/45, 17%) and neurofilament (NF)-Abs (8/45, …

Applicability of selected Brighton Collaboration case definitions in low-resource settings: A prospective hospital-based active surveillance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Standardizing case definitions for priority vaccine safety conditions facilitates uniform evaluation and consolidation of data … % of cases in a large referral hospital in Ethiopia, with generalized convulsion, pericarditis, and encephalomyelitis as the exceptions. We recommend further evaluation in other low-resource settings, particularly in rural or non-referral hospitals, to gain additional insights into performance of these definitions for revision or adaptation, as needed.

Mismatch between subjective and objective dysautonomia.

Autonomic symptom questionnaires are frequently used to assess dysautonomia. It is unknown whether subjective dysautonomia obtained from aut … COVID-19, n = 61; postural tachycardia syndrome, 211; peripheral autonomic neuropathy, 463; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, 95; preload failure, 120; post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, 163; hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 213; neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, 86; diabetes type II, 71, mast cell activation syndrome, 172; hereditary alph …