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Resources and care structures for management of urea cycle disorders in Japan and the United States: A system-level comparison.

BACKGROUND: Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are rare, nutrition-dependent inborn errors of metabolism in which outcomes depend on pharmacological treatment and sustained access to specialized formulas, low-protein medical foods, and dietary counseling. System-level support for dietary management varies across countries, yet comparative analyses are scarce. METHODS: We conducted a structured comparative analysis of dietary management systems for UCD in Japan and the United States (US) using clinical guidelines, policy documents, industry information, and professional reports. The review examined fo…

Trends in hypofractionated radiotherapy use among patients with breast or prostate cancer: a multicenter study in Osaka, Japan.

The uptake of hypofractionated radiotherapy in Japan is not well documented. This study examined trends in the proportion of patients with breast or prostate cancer who received hypofractionated radiotherapy, using hospital-based cancer registry data linked to Diagnostic Procedure Combination records from 69 institutions in Osaka Prefecture (diagnosis years: 2019-23). Eligible patients included 6475 women with unilateral breast cancer (pTisN0M0, pT1-2N0M0 or cT1-2N0M0 before neoadjuvant therapy) who underwent partial mastectomy and radiotherapy at the same hospital and 3274 men with cT1-3N0M0 …

Differential responses of J waves to heart rate changes in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and the general population in Japan.

Previous case studies have reported bradycardia-dependent augmentation of J waves in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, the response patterns of J waves to changing heart rates have rarely been evaluated in the general population. In this review, the response patterns of J waves to varying RR intervals were analyzed in the general population during premature beats or pacing and compared with the patterns observed in idiopathic VFs. Furthermore, the mechanism and clinical importance of the J waves are discussed. J waves associated with idiopathic VFs showed bradyca

Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Related Factors in Adolescents and Adults With Prader-Willi Syndrome in Japan.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder characterized by endocrine, metabolic, behavioral, and psychiatric features. These manifestations may affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Evidence on HRQOL in adolescents and adults with PWS remains limited. This study evaluated HRQOL and examined sex, age, genetic, and behavioral factors associated with HRQOL in individuals with genetically confirmed PWS aged 16 years and over. A proxy-reported questionnaire survey was conducted through a Japanese national PWS support group, and responses from 119 participants (median age,…

Device-associated infection surveillance in Japan: 2025 annual report of the Japanese society for infection prevention and control.

INTRODUCTION: The Japanese Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance (JHAIS) Committee of the Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control (JSIPC) initiated a nationwide surveillance program for medical device-associated infections in 2009. This report is a summary of the data collected and reported by hospitals participating in the JHAIS Surveillance from January 2023 through December 2025. METHOD: The wards covered by the surveillance program are intensive care units and acute-care general wards. We collected surveillance data on four major device-associated infections; central…

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: International evidence and the current status in Japan.

In repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), chronic pulmonary regurgitation drives right ventricular (RV) dilation, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. Surgical pulmonary valve replacement improves outcomes but requires redo sternotomy. Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) has emerged as a less invasive alternative. This review summarizes contemporary evidence and the Japanese context for TPVI. International registries report high procedural success and favorable mid-term outcomes with both balloon-expandable and self-expanding platforms. In Japan, two platforms are approved-SA…

Current status of eradication therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in Japan: A nationwide questionnaire survey.

INTRODUCTION: To improve the eradication success rate of Helicobacter pylori, treatment combined with antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is recommended. However, AST procedures are not yet standardized in Japan. Understanding the implementation status of AST at individual facilities, identifying the associated issues, and addressing the challenges to standardization are crucial. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was used in this study to investigate the current status of eradication therapy and AST among physicians certified in H. pylori infection from the Japanese Society for Hel…

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Japan in the Pre-venetoclax Era.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mainly affects elderly patients, and real-world outcomes are often inferior to those observed in clinical trials. More clinically detailed real-world data are needed to better understand AML care. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with AML using a population-based dataset linking the Osaka Cancer Registry with hospital administrative data. We included 621 patients diagnosed with AML between 2010 and 2015, before the approval of venetoclax for AML in Japan. Patients were stratified by age group and fi…

Factors associated with equine influenza during the 2025 outbreak in a draft horse population at the Obihiro Racecourse, Japan.

In April 2025, equine influenza re-emerged in Japan for the first time in 17 years, resulting in an outbreak at a horse racecourse for Ban'ei racing, a unique form of horse racing in which draft horses pull heavy sleds. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak and identify individual- and management-level factors associated with equine influenza cases in order to develop improved control programs. A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical records reported to the racecourse authority between April 21 and June 18, 2025. Cases were defined based…

Characteristics and Outcomes of Rapid Response System Activations in Obstetric Patients: A Multicenter Registry-Based Study in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: Maternal clinical deterioration during the perinatal period remains a major safety concern. Rapid response systems (RRSs) facilitate early recognition and intervention for clinical deterioration; however, evidence regarding obstetric RRS activations is limited. This study examined the characteristics and outcomes of obstetric RRS activations using a multicenter registry in Japan. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed patients with RRS activation in the In-Hospital Emergency Registry in Japan (52 hospitals; November 2017-August 2024). Obstetric patients were defined as t…

Epidemiological trends in periprosthetic hip and knee fractures in older adults in Japan, 2019-2023: A descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Japan is one of the world's most aged societies, and the number of joint replacements is increasing. However, studies investigating the recent incidence and treatment patterns of periprosthetic hip and knee fractures (PF) in Japan remain limited. This study aimed to clarify recent trends in case counts and treatment patterns of PFs among Japanese adults aged ≥65 years. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study using a hospital administrative database provided by JMDC Inc. from 2019 to 2023. We included 2767 patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized for PF in 239 hospitals that continuo…

Real-world sequential treatment patterns and outcomes in the new era of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer in Japan.

BACKGROUND: We investigated treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) after nivolumab first-line therapy approval in Japan in 2021. METHODS: This retrospective study used data from the Medical Data Vision database. Treatment patterns were described. Overall time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD) from the start of each line was estimated. RESULTS: Among 11,276 included patients, 1589 received anti-HER2+chemotherapy (Cx) at any line and regarded as HER2-positive AGC (anti-HER2+Cx group). Among the other, 9687 who presumably had HER2-negative AGC, 5722 rece…

Belantamab mafodotin, bortezomib и dexamethasone для RRM в японской группе расширения фазы 3 DREAMM-7 суд.

Случайный, фазы 3 DREAMM-7 судебное разбирательствоNCT04246047) ранее продемонстрировали эффективность и безопасность белантамбового мафодотина, борцезомиба и дексаметазона (BVd) в сравнении с даратумумумабом, бортезомибом и дексаметазоном (DVd) у пациентов с повторной/реактивной множественной миеломой (RRMMM) и ≥ 1 предыдущая терапия. Результаты расширения Японии DREAMM-7, состоящая из 24 - пациенты, случайные для получения BVd (N = 10) или DVd (N = 14), представлены здесь. Средний показатель последующей деятельности 19.4 месяцев (дальность, 1.3-30.3). b) не было достигнуто выживаемости в усл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The randomized, phase 3 DREAMM-7 trial (NCT04246047) previously demonstrated the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (BVd) versus daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (DVd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and ≥ 1 prior therapy. The results in the Japan expansion cohort of DREAMM-7, con…

Associations of Vasopressin and Corticosteroid Therapy with Organ Yield in Brain-Dead Donors: A Multicenter Cohort Study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Optimizing intensive care management of cases in which donors are brain-dead is essential to maximize the number of transplantable organs. Hormone replacement therapy, including vasopressin and corticosteroids, is widely used to stabilize donor hemodynamics; however, its impact on organ procurement remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vasopressin, corticosteroid therapy, and organ yield among donors who were brain-dead. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of the Japan Comprehensive Process for End-of-Life Care and Organ Do…

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Terson syndrome among survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a nationwide study in Japan.

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of Terson syndrome (TS) among survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study METHODS: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients diagnosed with aSAH at admission between July 1, 2010 and March 31, 2023 in Japan. The prevalence of TS in aSAH survivors was examined, along with comparisons of patient backgrounds between survivors with TS and those without TS. We compared the characteristics and outcomes in patients with TS who underwent vitrectomy with those in patients…

Five-year interim analysis of J-SKI: an observational study of TKI discontinuation in patients with CML in Japan.

Treatment-free remission (TFR) is an emerging goal for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, long-term TFR durability in real-world settings remains understudied. The J-SKI study, a large observational study, was conducted to evaluate long-term TFR outcomes in Japanese patients with CML. This interim analysis included 795 eligible patients from the prospective (n = 283) and retrospective (n = 512) cohorts. With a median follow-up of 32 months (range 0.8-168) after TKI discontinuation, the 5-year TFR rate was 65.2% (95% confidence i…

Long-term impact of acute pancreatitis on patients' quality of life: a multi-center prospective study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Although acute pancreatitis often resolves, its long-term impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social participation remains unclear. This study investigated the longitudinal changes in HRQoL and factors affecting incomplete recovery of social participation following acute pancreatitis. METHODS: This multi-center, prospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who were hospitalized with acute pancreatitis at 20 hospitals across Japan between April 2018 and March 2024. Patients were consecutively enrolled, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was as…

Seasonal variation in Aspergillus abundance in captive penguin burrow sands and its implication for aspergillosis risk in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Aspergillosis is a major fungal disease in penguins. However, seasonal variation of Aspergillus spp. in burrow sands and its association with meteorological factors remain poorly characterized, particularly under Japan's climatic conditions. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine seasonal changes in Aspergillus spp. abundance in Humboldt penguin burrows and test whether temperature and other environmental factors correlated with fungal positivity. METHODS: From June 2023 to October 2024, 158 sand samples were collected from burrows and surrounding areas at an outdoor Humboldt pe…

Clinical characteristics and systemic treatment in patients with elderly-onset sarcoidosis: A retrospective single-centre study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The mean age at diagnosis of sarcoidosis has been increasing worldwide, yet the clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of elderly-onset cases remain insufficiently defined, particularly in Asian populations. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 187 consecutive Japanese patients newly diagnosed with sarcoidosis at Jichi Medical University Hospital between 2006 and 2018 who fulfilled the 2015 diagnostic criteria. Patients were classified as elderly (≥65 years, n = 49), middle-aged (45-64 years, n = 82), or younger (<45 years, n = 56). Organ involvement was assessed base…

Potential benefits of simultaneous anorecto-vaginoplasty for patients with persistent cloaca: insights from a nationwide survey in Japan.

PURPOSE: One of a key topic for patients with persistent cloaca is determining when and which procedure to perform vaginoplasty. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the treatment outcomes of simultaneous and metachronous anorecto-vaginoplasty, and to define limit for timing of simultaneous surgery. METHODS: The present study was retrospective cohort study reviewed based on the results of a national survey in Japan. A total of 299 patients underwent both vaginoplasty and anorectoplasty were enrolled in the present study. We compared patient characteristics, surgical outcomes, and m…