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A study of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic changes in Dowling-Degos disease.

Previous investigations have focused on the skin manifestations, histopathology, and pedigree of patients with Dowling-Degos disease (DDD). … apparati, and regular melanosomes in all stages of maturation in their cytoplasms; melanosome-laden dendrites were readily detected by transmission electron microscepe. Melanosomes, mainly of stages III and IV, were present within keratinocytes, distributed either as scattered patterns or forming "caps" over the nucleus.

Macroautophagy--a novel Beta-amyloid peptide-generating pathway activated in Alzheimer's disease.

Macroautophagy, which is a lysosomal pathway for the turnover of organelles and long-lived proteins, is a key determinant of cell survival and longevity. In this study, we show that neuronal macroautophagy is induced early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and before beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits extracellularly in the presenilin (PS) 1/Abeta precursor protein (APP) mouse model of beta-amyloidosis. Subsequently, autophagosomes and late autophagic vacuoles (AVs) accumulate markedly in dystrophic dendrites, implying an impaired maturation of AVs to lysosomes. Immunolabeling identifies AVs in the brain…

Axon retraction and degeneration in development and disease.

The selective elimination of axons, dendrites, axon and dendrite branches, and synapses, without loss of the parent neurons, occurs during normal development of the nervous system as well as in response to injury or disease in the adult. The widespread developmental phenomena of exuberant axonal projections and synaptic connections require both small-scale and large-scale axon pruning to generate precise adult connectivity, and they provide a mechanism for neural plasticity in the developing and adult nervous system, as well as a mechanism to evolve differences between species in a projection …

Mechanism of the excitatory Cl- response in mouse olfactory receptor neurons.

In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), the odorant-triggered receptor current flows through two distinct ion channels on the senso … he Cl- current. Surprisingly, immunocytochemistry indicates that NKCC1 is located on the somata and dendrites of ORNs rather than the cilia, where transduction occurs. This topography is remarkably similar to the situation in secretory epithelial cells, where basolateral Cl- uptake and apical Cl- efflux facilitate transepithelial fluid movement. Thus, a sin …

Connexin45 mediates gap junctional coupling of bistratified ganglion cells in the mouse retina.

Direction selectivity, a key feature of visual perception, originates in the retina and is transmitted by bistratified ganglion cells that, in the rabbit retina, exhibit a particular coupling pattern. We intracellularly labeled ganglion cells in different transgenic mouse lines, allowing a morphological classification of bistratified ganglion cells, an analysis of their coupling pattern, and the molecular identification of the connexins responsible for the coupling. Based on dendritic characteristics including co-fasciculation with the dendrites of cholinergic starburst amacrine cells, we were…

Подклеточная локализация связанных с болезнями прионовых белков в человеческом мозге.

Связанный с болезнями прионный белок (PRP(TSE)) содержит в мозге различные иммунизационные схемы в болезни Креуцфельдта-Якоба, включая синаптические, внеклеточные и связанные с клетками локализации. После разработки соответствующего протокола предварительной обработки в целях улучшения иммунозащиты для PrP(TSE) без повреждения эпитопов других антигенов мы систематически оценивали модели совместной локализации отдельных иммунодепозитов PrP(TSE) с помощью конфокальной лазерной микроскопии, включая оптическое последовательное сечение. Как показывает количественная оценка, наиболее заметная совмес

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)) deposits in distinct immunostaining patterns in the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, includin … lso co-deposit with connexin-32, a gap junction-related protein. Furthermore, neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons, astrocytes, and microglia harbor granular PrP(TSE) deposits. Highly aggregated deposits are focally ubiquitinated. We conclude that PrP(TSE) is not exclusively associated with chemical but also with electric synapses, axonal transport may be …

The inner hair cell afferent/efferent synapses revisited: a basis for new therapeutic strategies.

Within the cochlea, the sensory inner hair cells, which transduce the mechanical displacement of the basilar membrane into neural activity, release glutamate that acts on postsynaptic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor channels located on dendrites of primary auditory neurons. Up to now, it has been thought that the auditory nerve responses passively reflected the motion of the basilar membrane supporting the organ of Corti. Here, we show that dopaminergic lateral olivocochlear efferents drive a permanent gain control at the site of auditory action potential i…

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder of childhood and early adolescence. It is caused by persistent defective measles virus. Brain biopsies or postmortem histopathological examination show evidence of astrogliosis, neuronal loss, degeneration of dendrites, demyelination, neurofibrillary tangles, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Patients usually have behavioral changes, myoclonus, dementia, visual disturbances, and pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. The disease has a gradual progressive course leading to death within 1-3 years. The diagnosis …

M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase in CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse hippocampal slices.

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) is crucial for many neural functions, including learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. As muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) modulate many of the same higher brain functions as ERK, we examined mAChR-mediated ERK activation in mouse hippocampal slices. The cholinergic agonist carbachol caused an atropine-sensitive ERK activation in the dendrites and somata CA1 pyramidal neurons. To determine the responsible mAChR subtype, we combined pharmacologic and genetic approaches. Pretreatment with M1 antagonists inhibited ERK activa…

Cochlear neuronal loss are determined by use of a neurofilament protein antibody in cases of bilateral profound deafness.

The temporal bones of two patients with profound bilateral deafness from infancy were studied immunohistochemically, using a neurofilament protein antibody to detect the cochlear neuronal elements. One patient exhibited Mondini dysplasia of the inner ear, with the organ of Corti almost completely deteriorated. The other patient is the first reported case involving complete aplasia of the organ of Corti in all turns. In both cases, the immunohistochemical staining clearly revealed a severe reduction in the number of afferent neurons, such as dendrites, spiral ganglion cells and cochlear axons. …

Neurons in the rat occipital cortex co-expressing the substance P-receptor and GABA: a comparison between in vivo and organotypic cultures.

The morphology and the distribution of neurons expressing the NK1-receptor (NK1R) and the co-expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in these neurons were studied in the rat occipital cortex and in organotypic cultures (OTCs) derived from this structure. By employing immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the NK1R-expressing neurons are non-pyramidal neurons and co-express GABA. Some differences were noted between in vivo and OTCs. NK1R-expressing neurons in OTCs had larger somata and longer dendrites and the proportion stained with an anti-GABA-antibody (approximately 50%) was smaller…

Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein on the surface of cortical neurons in primary culture co-localizes with adhesion patch components.

Immunofluorescence on primary dissociated rat neuronal cultures (cortical, hippocampal, and cerebellar) and organotypic hippocampal cultures was used to investigate the pattern of distribution of cell-surface amyloid protein (APP). Antibodies directed against the extracellular (N-terminal) portion of APP or against the entire molecule, but not against the C-terminal portion, revealed a striking segmental pattern of immunoreactivity along both axons and dendrites of all neuronal types tested. The pattern first developed between 24 and 48 h in culture. The segments showed co-localization with be…

Mossy fibers of the hippocampal formation in prenatal malnourished rats.

Timm's impregnated mossy fiber plexus, in five coronal levels throughout the hippocampal complex, of normal and prenatally protein deprived rats at 15, 30, 90 and 220 days of age were analyzed. Morphometric computer assisted image analysis, showed significant decrease in total extent of the mossy fibers area in the prenatally malnourished rats on postnatal day 15 at levels 2, 3, and 4; on day 90 at level 1, and on day 220 at all five levels. This pattern of diet effect is similar to that noted at the same ages in the prior studies of the granule cell dendrites (Brain, Res., 1990; 532:271-277, …

Herpetic geometric glossitis: a distinctive pattern of lingual herpes simplex virus infection.

Two immunocompromised patients with herpetic geometric glossitis, a clinically distinctive form of lingual herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 … ing lingual lesions of other conditions are usually asymptomatic. The similar morphology of corneal dendrites in herpetic epithelial keratitis and linear fissures in herpetic geometric glossitis suggest the possibility that these HSV mucosal lesions may have a common pathogenesis.

Ultrastructural neuropathology of chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a progressive and uniformly fatal neurological disorder, is characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Ultrastructural neuropathological findings consist of (1) extensive vacuolation in neuronal processes, within myelin sheaths, formed by splitting at the major dense lines or within axons; (2) dystrophic neurites (dendrites, axonal preterminals and myelinated axons containing degenerating mitochondria and pleomorphic, electron-dense inclusion bodies); (3) prominent …

Spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a murine retrovirus. II. Ultrastructural localization of virus replication and spongiform changes in the central nervous system.

The development of murine retrovirus induced spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy was studied sequentially by electron microscopy. During the … in the neuropil consisted of swelling of astroglia followed by vacuolation, initially in axons and dendrites and later in neuronal and astrocytic soma, where vacuoles appeared to arise from dilated cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. Vacuoles contained only amorphous debris and fragments of membranes. Virions budding aberrantly into vacuoles were seen only i …

[Cultivation of whole brain slices: a description of the method and the results of its use for culturing the rhombencephalon and midbrain of chick embryos].

A method and device for obtaining embryo brain slices are described. Results of cultivation of slices of rhombencephalon and mesencephalon a … eus cochlearis laminaris, grown in tissue culture conditions, do not make plate-forming structures; dendrites of the neurons of III layer of tectum opticum do not develop. This may be explained by the absence in vitro of any stimulating influence from the acustic ganglion fibres and ganglion cells of the retina on these morphogenetic processes.

Measles antigen distribution in brains of chronically infected hamsters. An immunoperoxidase study of experimental subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Weanling (21-day old) hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with hamster-adapted, HBS strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus … in cytoplasm and along the inner aspect of cytoplasmic membranes of brain cells including neuronal dendrites. No budding virions were seen. Focal concentrations of bound hamster IgG occurred within foci of infected cells during the chronic infection. These studies show that in hamsters, persistent central nervous system measles infection is due to morpholo …

Targeting SLC7 A11 Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis by Promoting Efferocytosis Through the ERK1/2 Pathway.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: This study investigates the effect and underlying mechanism of targeting SLC7A11 in mitigating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation and injury in colitis. METHODS: We utilized wild-type and SLC7A11-/+ mice to assess the inflammatory damage in DSS-induced colitis in vivo. In vitro, colon tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis were analyzed to compare SLC7A11 expression between inflamed and non-inflamed regions. Further mechanistic insights were obtained using Caco-2 cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). RESULTS: In human co

Sub-threshold neuronal activity and the dynamical regime of cerebral cortex.

Cortical neurons exhibit temporally irregular spiking patterns and heterogeneous firing rates. These features arise in model circuits operat … al models increased neuronal selectivity and reduced error trials, suggesting a functional role for dendrites during decision-making. Our work suggests that, during decision-making, cortical neurons in high-order cortical areas operate in a fluctuation-driven regime.