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Clinical features of Pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

The courses of 19 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed. Compared with previous reviews of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without AIDS, Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS often has a more prolonged clinical prodrome, with pulmonary symptoms occurring for an average of 3 wk prior to presentation, and often has a slower response to therapy, with radiographic and blood gas improvement occurring an average of 13 and 6 days, respectively, after initiation of therapy. No patient diagnosed during life died

Parenteral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and carbenicillin as empiric therapy for neutropenic patients with cancer.

A combination of parenteral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and carbenicillin (TMP-SMZ-C) was compared with a gentamicin and carbenicillin combination (G-C) as empiric therapy for the febrile neutropenic patient with cancer in a prospective double-blind trial. Target plasma levels of TMP were achieved easily. When all trials were considered, TMP-SMZ-C was more effective (P less than or equal to 0.045) than G-C. When only proven infections were considered, the two regimens were equally effective. Adverse effects of both regimens were similar. Experience with infections due to individual organisms

Shigella enterocolitis and acute renal failure.

Although acute renal failure secondary to infections is relatively common in adult patients, uremia requiring dialysis has not previously been reported in an adult patient with shigella enterocolitis. Our patient, infected with S flexneri, had severe renal failure without any evidence of sepsis, rhabdomyolysis, or the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole appeared to play a role in his eventual recovery.

Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of enteric fever in the Sudan.

Patients with enteric fever confirmed by isolation of Salmonella species from blood culture, were treated with the combination of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole). All 133 patients responded well to treatment. The mean defervescence was 2.74 days. No serious side effects were noticed and relapses occurred in the patients during the period of follow up.

Regulation of dimethyl-fumarate toxicity by proteasome inhibitors.

The present studies examined the biology of the multiple sclerosis drug dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) or its in vivo breakdown product and active metabolite mono-methyl-fumarate (MMF), alone or in combination with proteasome inhibitors, in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. MMF enhanced velcade and carfilzomib toxicity in multiple primary GBM isolates. Similar data were obtained in breast and colon cancer cells. MMF reduced the invasiveness of GBM cells, and enhanced the toxicity of ionizing radiation and temozolomide. MMF killed freshly isolated activated microglia which was associated with re

Interaction between saquinavir and antimycotic drugs on C. albicans and C. neoformans strains.

Candidiasis and cryptococcosis are the most common fungal diseases among patients suffering from HIV infection. In the present work we assess whether the combined therapies, proteinase inhibitors and antimycotic drugs, could modify the therapeutic effect of antimycotics. An in vitro study to evaluate the antifungal effect of saquinavir and antimycotic drugs combination on yeast growth was performed. Strains of C. albicans and C. neoformans from HIV-seropositive patients were used. Susceptibility tests of yeasts to amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole and fluconazole, singly and in comb

Clinical drug interactions between voriconazole and 38 other drugs: a retrospective analysis of adverse events.

BACKGROUND: Voriconazole (VRZ) is involved in a variety of drug‒drug interactions (DDIs), but few studies have reported adverse events (AEs) associated with the DDIs of VRZ. The primary goal of this study was to analyse the potential risk factors for AEs caused by DDIs between VRZ and other drugs via the OpenVigil FDA platform and to provide a reference for preventing VRZ DDIs and monitoring clinically related adverse drug events. METHODS: A retrospective pharmacovigilance study was conducted to investigate the AEs related to DDIs between VRZ and four categories of drugs: proton pump inhibito

Data on the combined effect of atovaquone, mefloquine, and 3-bromopyruvic acid against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces.

The dataset presented here is related to a previous research article titled "Mitochondrial Complex III in Larval Stage of Echinococcus multilocularis as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Target and in vivo Efficacy of Atovaquone Against Primary Hydatid Cysts"[1]. In this report, data were collected from aerobic and anaerobic culture assays of E. multilocularis protoscoleces in the presence of three anti-echinococcal drug candidates (atovaquone, mefloquine, and 3-bromopyruvic acid). The data were analyzed for viability of the protoscoleces between day 0 and day 7 upon adding drug candidates. In aero

Prospect of Combination and Sequential Therapies for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease, which is associated with the osteoporotic fracture. Along with prolonged life expectancy, the fracture risk increases dramatically with age. So far, it is usually the first choice to using antiresorptive agents. However, current clinical therapeutic treatments are not enough to inhibit the long-term bone loss and the rising risk of bone fractures. Recently, combination and sequential therapies with anti-osteoporosis drugs have become an inevitable trend. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge related to

[Current role of tenofovir in clinical medicine].

Standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) consists of a combination of three active drugs. The selection of these drugs varies considerably according to the clinical scenario. The "gold standard" in patients initiating ART is tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/efavirenz. TDF/FTC is also considered a combination of choice when, for various reasons, ART is initiated with a boosted protease inhibitor. Abacavir and lamivudine (ABC/3TC) is also considered a combination of choice in most clinical practice guidelines. HLA-B*5701 determination minimizes the possibility of hypersensitivity of ABC and is a

Medroxalol combined with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension.

The antihypertensive effect and safety of hydrochlorothiazide administration as a single drug and together with medroxalol were determined in 20 patients with primary hypertension. Following two biweekly intervals on placebo and hydrochlorothiazide, medroxalol was started at 100 mg three times a day and titrated against blood pressure response up to a maximum of 300 mg three times a day. In nine patients the effect of the single and the combined drug therapy on blood pressure during isometric handgrip exercise, on plasma renin activity, and on plasma catecholamines and their deaminated metabol

Outcomes and costs associated with initial maintenance therapy with fluticasone propionate-salmeterol xinafoate 250 microg/50 microg combination versus tiotropium in commercially insured patients with COPD.

PURPOSE: To compare, in commercially-insured individuals 240 years old, the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and COPD-related health care utilization and costs in patients initiating maintenance treatment with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate 250 microg/50 microg (FSC) with those in patients initiating treatment with tiotropium bromide (TIO). DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study. METHODOLOGY: The risk of COPD exacerbation (moderate, severe, and any), COPD-related health care utilization, and COPD-related costs (overall and by service s

Selinexor in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) represents an incurable hematologic malignancy. Despite significant advances over the past decade, with the advent of multiple new classes of anti-myeloma agents, including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, patients ultimately relapse. Selinexor is a first-in-class exportin-1 inhibitor with activity in these multiply relapsed and refractory patients. Although the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval is for the doublet of Selinexor in combination with dexamethasone, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating a number of com

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… These studies typically utilize the novel therapy in three and four drug combinations, along with previously approved therapies. In turn, the STOMP trial is a multi-arm study evaluating three-drug regimens involving Selinexor in combination with IMIDs, PIs, and MAbs ( Figure 2 ). Figure 2. … Over time, further studies evaluate the role of these new therapies in multi-drug combinations as well as in earlier disease settings. Triplet regimens have become a standard approach in both the upfront and relapsed settings. …

Combination chemotherapy with a substance P receptor antagonist (aprepitant) and melarsoprol in a mouse model of human African trypanosomiasis.

Drug therapy for late-stage (encephalitic) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is currently very unsatisfactory with the most commonly used drug, melarsoprol, having a 5% overall mortality. There is evidence in a mouse model of HAT that Substance P (SP) receptor antagonism reduces the neuroinflammatory reaction to CNS trypanosome infection. In this study we investigated the effects of combination chemotherapy with melarsoprol and a humanised SP receptor antagonist aprepitant (EMEND) in this mouse model. The melarsoprol/aprepitant drug combination did not produce any clinical signs of illness i

In vitro interaction of lumefantrine and piperaquine by atorvastatin against Plasmodium falciparum.

BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for the discovery of new anti-malarial drugs and combination therapy. A combinatorial approach protects each drug from the development of resistance and reduces generally the overall transmission rate of malaria. Statins, the inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase and a family of lipid-lowering drugs, have in vitro anti-malarial properties, and more specially atorvastatin. However, atorvastatin has a short elimination half-life (14 hours) and an efficient combination of anti-malarial drugs must associate a drug with a short elimination

Pharmacoepidemiology of combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy in critically ill infants.

BACKGROUND: New drugs to target different pathways in pulmonary hypertension has resulted in increased combination therapy, but details of this use in infants are not well described. In this large multicenter database study, we describe the pharmacoepidemiology of combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy in critically ill infants. METHODS: We identified inborn infants discharged home from a Pediatrix neonatal ICU from 1997 to 2020 exposed to inhaled nitric oxide, sildenafil, epoprostenol, or bosentan for greater than two consecutive days. We compared clinical variables and drug utilisation b

Effects of combined metformin and cabergoline versus metformin alone on inflammatory markers in Iraqi patients with PCOS and hyperprolactinemia: a randomized clinical trial.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is by far the most prevalent metabolic disease affecting women during their reproductive life. Obesity is a frequently associated manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome. Central body fat accumulation has been associated with the production of a variety of cytokines associated with low-grade inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin and cabergoline, each alone and in combination, on several immune markers in women with hyperprolactinemia. The three-arm interventional study included 75 women with PCOS ac