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Prevalence of Dyspnea among Patients Attending the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Dyspnea is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department worldwide and a diagnostic challenge for emergency physicians. Our study aims to find the prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department in our hospital. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Dhulikhel hospital from May 2019 to July 2019 after ethical approval from the institutional review committee. Total 1200 samples were collected by consecutive sampling method. All patients were triaged in the emergency department as a part of regular

Mouse Models of Heterologous Flavivirus Immunity: A Role for Cross-Reactive T Cells.

Most of the world is at risk of being infected with a flavivirus such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Zika virus, significantly impacting millions of lives. Importantly, many of these genetically similar viruses co-circulate within the same geographic regions, making it likely for individuals living in areas of high flavivirus endemicity to be infected with multiple flaviviruses during their lifetime. Following a flavivirus infection, a robust virus-specific T cell response is generated and the memory recall …

Vaccine impact on antimicrobial resistance to inform Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance's 2018 Vaccine Investment Strategy: report from an expert survey.

Background: While the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised as a major public health problem, the value of vaccines to … valent vaccines. Lowest value relative to AMR was estimated for Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis A, yellow fever, rabies and human papilloma virus vaccine. Conclusions: In the future, more evidence-based, data-driven, robust methodologies should be developed to guide coordinated, rational decision making on priority actions aimed at strengthening the use of va …

Wolbachia enhances insect-specific flavivirus infection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes transmit a diverse group of human flaviviruses including West Nile, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Mosquitoes are also naturally infected with insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs), a subgroup of the family not capable of infecting vertebrates. Although ISFs are not medically important, they are capable of altering the mosquito's susceptibility to flaviviruses and may alter host fitness. Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium of insects that when present in mosquitoes limits the replication of co-infecting pathogens, including flaviviruses. Artificially created Wolbachia-inf…

Vaccine wastage in The Gambia: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a cost-effective and life-saving intervention. Recently several new, but more expensive vaccines have become part … were compared to EPI targets. RESULTS: Wastage rates for the lyophilised vaccines BCG, Measles and Yellow Fever ranged from 18.5-79.0%, 0-30.9% and 0-55.0% respectively, mainly through unused doses at the end of an immunization session. Wastage from the liquid vaccines multi-dose/ single dose vials were minimal, with peaks due to expiry or breakage of the vac …

Obatoclax Inhibits Alphavirus Membrane Fusion by Neutralizing the Acidic Environment of Endocytic Compartments.

As new pathogenic viruses continue to emerge, it is paramount to have intervention strategies that target a common denominator in these path … ncer targets. Obatoclax inhibited the growth of flaviviruses, like Zika virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus, which require low pH for fusion, but not that of pH-independent picornaviruses, like coxsackievirus A9, echovirus 6, and echovirus 7. In conclusion, obatoclax is a novel inhibitor of endosomal acidification that prevents viral fusion and that …

Infected ascites: Distinguishing secondary peritonitis from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a cirrhotic patient with classic symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis can be differentiated from secondary bacterial peritonitis by the absence of a surgically treatable intra-abdominal source of infection. However, oftentimes this is unapparent and other clinical clues need to be sought after to make the right diagnosis. CASE: A 64-year-old woman was admitted because of three days of worsening diffuse abdominal pain and distention. She was morbidly obese and had a history of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis. She was febrile at 38.2 °C. Her abdomen was soft, diffusely tender and distended with a redu

Pretravel Health Preparation of International Travelers: Results From the Boston Area Travel Medicine Network.

OBJECTIVE: To inform future interventions for advising travelers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively collected data on travelers seen a … though most clinics were likely to have prescribed certain vaccines for high-risk destinations (eg, yellow fever for Ghana travel), there was wide variability in influenza vaccine use for China travel. CONCLUSION: Substantial differences in clinic populations can occur within a single metropolitan area, highlighting why individual physicians and travel clinic …

Понимание роли микроРНК в взаимодействии комаров Aedes aegypti с ароматом насекомого.

Флавивирусный род содержит некоторые из наиболее распространенных трансмиссивных вирусов, таких как вирусы денге, зика и желтой лихорадки, которые вызывают разрушительные болезни у людей. Однако клинок флавивирусов, характерный для конкретных насекомых, ограничивается хостыми комарами, хотя они сохраняют общие черты рода, такие, как структура генома и репликация. Взаимодействие между флавивидузами, характерными для конкретных насекомых, и их москитами в значительной степени неизвестно. Известно, что патогенные флавивирусы модернизируют микроРНК (миРНК), класс некодовых РНК, которые важны для к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Flavivirus genus contains some of the most prevalent vector-borne viruses, such as the dengue, Zika and yellow fever viruses that cause devastating diseases in humans. However, the insect-specific clade of flaviviruses is restricted to mosquito hosts, albeit they have retained the general features of the genus, such as genome structure and replication. T…

Differential expression of putative sodium-dependent cation-chloride cotransporters in Aedes aegypti.

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has three genes that code for proteins with sequence similarity to vertebrate Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporters (NKCCs) of the solute-linked carrier 12 superfamily of cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). We hypothesized that these mosquito NKCC orthologues have diverged to perform distinct roles in salt secretion and absorption. In phylogenetic analyses, one protein (aeNKCC1) groups with a Drosophila melanogaster NKCC that mediates salt secretion whereas two others (aeCCC2 and aeCCC3) group with a Drosophila transporter that is not functionally characterized…

Identification of diagnostic peptide regions that distinguish Zika virus from related mosquito-borne Flaviviruses.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which includes Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and other mosquito-borne arboviruses. Infection by ZIKV can be difficult to distinguish from infection by other mosquito-borne Flaviviruses due to high sequence similarity, serum antibody cross-reactivity, and virus co-circulation in endemic areas. Indeed, existing serological methods are not able to consistently differentiate ZIKV from other Flaviviruses, which makes it extremely difficult to accurately calculate the incidence rate of Zika-associ…

Laboratory Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infection.

CONTEXT: -The rapid and accurate diagnosis of Zika virus infection is an international priority. OBJECTIVE: -To review current recommendati … urthermore, Zika cross-reacts serologically with other flaviviruses, such as dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever. Current or past infection, or even vaccination with another flavivirus, will often cause false-positive or uninterpretable Zika serology results. Detection of viral RNA during acute infection using nucleic acid amplification tests provides more spe …

Influence of FcγRIIa-Expressing Cells on the Assessment of Neutralizing and Enhancing Serum Antibodies Elicited by a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine.

Background.  Recent trials of recombinant, live-attenuated chimeric yellow fever-dengue tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) demonstrated efficacy against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue disease with higher point estimates of efficacy toward dengue virus (DENV)3 and DENV4 and moderate levels toward DENV1 and DENV2. It is interesting to note that serotype-specific efficacy did not correlate with absolute neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titer (GMT) values measured in a Vero-based plaque reduction neutralization test assay. The absence of Fcγ receptors on Vero cells may exp…

Natural transovarial transmission of dengue virus 4 in Aedes aegypti from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in tropical areas. In Mato Grosso, outbreaks are reported every year, but studi … ction, multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR was performed to detect the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus. RESULTS: DENV-4 was the only flavivirus detected, and it was found in 8/50 pools (16.0%). Three of the positive pools contained females, and five contained males. Their nucleotide sequences …

Divergent and conserved elements comprise the chemoreceptive repertoire of the nonblood-feeding mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis.

Many mosquito species serve as vectors of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, wherein pathogen transmission is tightly associated with the reproductive requirement of taking vertebrate blood meals. Toxorhynchites is one of only three known mosquito genera that does not host-seek and initiates egg development in the absence of a blood-derived protein bolus. These remarkable differences make Toxorhynchites an attractive comparative reference for understanding mosquito chemosensation as it pertains to host-seeking. We performed deep transcriptome profiling of adult female Toxorhynchites am…

Diversity of ubiquitin and ISG15 specificity among nairoviruses' viral ovarian tumor domain proteases.

Nairoviruses are responsible for numerous diseases that affect both humans and animal. Recent work has implicated the viral ovarian tumor domain (vOTU) as a possible nairovirus virulence factor due to its ability to edit ubiquitin (Ub) bound to cellular proteins and, at least in the case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), to cleave the Ub-like protein interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a protein involved in the regulation of host immunity. The prospective roles of vOTUs in immune evasion have generated several questions concerning whether vOTUs act through a preserved specif

Dual African origins of global Aedes aegypti s.l. populations revealed by mitochondrial DNA.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is the primary global vector to humans of yellow fever and dengue flaviviruses. Over the past 50 years, many population genetic studies have documented large genetic differences among global populations of this species. These studies initially used morphological polymorphisms, followed later by allozymes, and most recently various molecular genetic markers including microsatellites and mitochondrial markers. In particular, since 2000, fourteen publications and four unpublished datasets have used sequence data from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 mitochondrial gene to…

Larvicidal potential of some plants from West Africa against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae).

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Mosquitoes increased resistance to insecticides, and environmental concerns about the use of insecticides, pose a m … NCLUSION: This study demonstrated that plants from Cτte d'Ivoire have a real potential for malaria, yellow fever, filarial and dengue vector control. Those could be used as sources or provide lead compounds for the development of safe plant-based biocides.

Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine in 9-16 year olds: a randomized, controlled, phase II trial in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: The dengue virus is a member of the Flavivirus (FV) genus, which also includes the yellow fever virus. Dengue disease is caused by any 1 of 4 dengue virus serotypes and is a serious public health concern in Latin America. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate recombinant, live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in 9-16 year olds in Latin America. METHODS: In this randomized, blinded, controlled study, volunteers received either 3 doses of CYD-TDV (n = 401) or placebo as first and second injection and tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis …

[Screening and identification of dengue virus type 2-specific antigens].

OBJECTIVE: To screen and identify dengue virus type 2 specific antigens and establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting dengue virus type 2 antibody. METHODS: Using the bioinformatic software DNAstar and ANTHEPROT, we analyzed the hydrophilicity, flexibility, surface probability and antigenicity of dengue virus type 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Yellow fever virus M and E protein amino acid sequences, and also evaluated the influence of secondary structure. The specific epitopes of dengue virus type 2 were predicted according to the epitope location and amino …