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Hypernatremia-associated rhabdomyolysis in paediatric traumatic brain injury.

Rhabdomyolysis, a rare condition in the paediatric population, is characterised by the release of intracellular components due to muscle damage. Although various aetiologies have been described, severe hypernatraemia is rarely recognised as a cause. We present a paediatric case of rhabdomyolysis associated with severe hypernatraemia secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI). A male in early adolescence with severe TBI following a motorcycle accident developed severe hypernatraemia (168 mEq/L) during management in the intensive care unit with hypertonic solution. Creatine kinase levels were ele…

Brain rhythms of depression: A predictive processing perspective.

Depression is marked by anhedonia, social withdrawal, and a diminished capacity to learn from positive experiences-features that can be framed within predictive processing. Here, we review findings from human electroencephalography (EEG) that, owing to its temporal resolution, can illuminate the moment-to-moment dynamics of inference in depression. Across evoked, oscillatory, and aperiodic measures, incoming information appears to be registered yet may carry insufficient precision to revise higher-level beliefs about the self and the world. This imbalance may favour model maintenance over flex

CLIPPERS mimicking multifocal brain metastases: a diagnostic challenge.

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that can radiologically mimic neoplastic or other inflammatory diseases. We report a 62-year-old woman with an incidental cerebellar lacunar infarct who presented with progressive central vertigo, dysarthria, and gait ataxia causing near falls. Neurological examination showed limb dysmetria, marked gait imbalance with lateropulsion, and mild intermittent abducens paresis. Brain MRI revealed multiple small punctate and confluent T…

DAB2IP: unifying cardiovascular pathogenesis and cardiovascular brain crosstalk.

Cardiovascular diseases and brain disorders collectively represent a major global health burden. Not only do they frequently occur as comorbidities, but their pathological mechanisms are also intricately linked through a complex network of cardiovascular-brain crosstalk. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurological disorders together impose high global health burdens. The DAB2IP gene, initially characterized as a tumor suppressor, serves as a multifunctional regulator and performs roles in both the cardiovascular and neurological systems. In atherosclerosis (AS), DAB2IP suppresses the infla…

Barrier breakdown: lung-brain crosstalk in systemic inflammation.

The lung and brain engage in a dynamic, bidirectional communication that influences immune homeostasis both locally and systemically, shaping overall health and disease progression. Lung infection is increasingly recognized for its role in triggering or exacerbating neurological dysfunction, ultimately worsening clinical outcomes. Although the brain is shielded by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it remains vulnerable to secondary injury during pulmonary infection, primarily through lung-driven systemic inflammation, immune cell activation, and the release of cytokines, chemokines, and other cir…

Heart-brain axis pathophysiological understanding and clinical impact.

The heart and brain are anatomically and functionally interconnected through nervous and humoral feedback mechanisms. Under physiological conditions, the heart-brain axis helps maintain cardiovascular and cerebral homeostasis. Pathology affecting one organ can profoundly impact the other, significantly worsening prognosis. The term stroke-heart syndrome refers to cardiovascular complications following acute ischemic stroke, including myocardial injury, infarction, ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation), heart failure, takotsubo syndrome, and sudden cardiac death. Brai…

Metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated brain aging.

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased dementia risk, but its relationship with brain aging is unclear. METHODS: The study included 27,375 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 70 years. MetS was defined as having at least three of five components: central adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. Levels of 33 plasma metabolites were measured from baseline blood samples. Brain age was estimated using a machine learning model based on 1079 phenotypes from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and used to calculate brain ag…

Cerebrovascular vulnerability and fibrosis in human brain aneurysms.

Brain aneurysms are a cerebrovascular disease that results in a severe type of stroke. The cell-specific molecular pathology underlying their formation and rupture is unknown. Here we profile 227,663 neurovascular cells, including 52,946 aneurysmal cells, from a total of 14 adult human brain aneurysms and 11 control vessels. Our atlas of human brain aneurysms, as well as cell-resolution spatial transcriptomics, revealed that pathological cerebrovascular remodeling occurs with the loss of structurally supportive smooth muscle cells and the emergence of activated perivascular fibroblasts, which …

Obstacles and Trials in Treating Primary Brain Tumors.

Brain tumor (BT) patients can experience neurological complications as a result of the disease itself or after exposure to anticancer treatment. It is already known that BT patients have a poor survival and quality of life due to tumor progression, but also to various complications. The neurological complications may represent obstacles in patient management and require multidisciplinary collaboration. Although new methods of surgery, radiation therapy and pharmacotherapy have been designed in the last few years in order to prevent, mitigate, or manage the adverse effects of classical therapie…

Пространственные омики нейроинфламмации: осмысления заболеваний мозга.

Нейроинфламмация является общей патологической особенностью различных заболеваний мозга, однако подстрекательская активность редко распределяется равномерно по заболевшим тканям. Вместо этого микроглии, астроциты, проникающие в иммунные клетки и подстрекательские посредники, часто организуются вокруг конкретных патологических структур, включая амилоидные таблетки, демиелинированные поражающие ободья, ишемические границы, некротические области опухоли и белые отсеки периваскулярной материи. Хотя в рамках одноклеточных подходов, основанных на оптовых и диссоциационных подходах, было определено м

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of diverse brain diseases, but inflammatory activity is rarely distributed uniformly across diseased tissue. Instead, microglia, astrocytes, infiltrating immune cells and inflammatory mediators are often organized around specific pathological structures, including amyloid plaques, demyelinated lesion rims, i…

Parkinson's disease beyond the brain: implications for treatments.

The presence of α-synuclein pathology in peripheral nervous system neurons is linked to early prodromal, non-motor symptoms in a segment of … plored as well as their role in transneuronal propagation and the spreading of pathology within the brain. Lastly, advances in systemic gene therapy that could be used to target multiple PD-affected organs following systemic injection are highlighted. By integrating insights from molecular biology and clinical research, it may be possible to shed light …

Cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors in adults and the major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of BMs varies according to the type of primary tumors with most frequence in lung cancer, melanoma and breast cancer. Among of them, lung cancer has been reported to have a higher risk of BMs than other types of cancers with 40 ~ 50% of such patients will develop BMs during the course of disease. BMs lead to many neurological complications and result in a poor quality of life and short life span. Although the treatment strategies were improved f…

Spatial-demographic analysis model for brain metastases distribution.

PURPOSE: The distribution analysis of the morphologic characteristics and spatial relations among brain metastases (BMs) to guide screening and early diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study analysed 4314 BMs across 30 brain regions from MRIs of 304 patients. This paper proposed a unified analysis model based on persistent homology (PH) and graph modelling to provide a comprehensive portrait of BMs distribution. Spatial relationships are quantified through dynamic multiple-scale graphs constructed with Rips filtration. The multi-scale centrality importance and clustering coef…

[Brain metastases in breast cancer: Diagnosis and management].

Breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastases, after lung cancer. The risk of developing brain metastases varies according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer, with a higher incidence for triple-negative or HER2-positive cancers. The discovery of brain metastases, whether synchronous or metachronous, is a turning point in oncology management, and requires discussion at a neuro-oncology multidisciplinary consultation meeting to assess the value and modalities of local treatment by surgery and/or radiotherapy (stereotactic or total brain). Systemic treatments also play …

Brain Age Prediction in Type II GM1 Gangliosidosis.

GM1 gangliosidosis is an inherited, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder with no approved treatment. We calculated a predicted brain ages and Brain Structures Age Gap Estimation (BSAGE) for 81 MRI scans from 41 Type II GM1 gangliosidosis patients and 897 MRI scans from 556 neurotypical controls (NC) utilizing BrainStructuresAges, a machine learning MRI analysis pipeline. NC showed whole brain aging at a rate of 0.83 per chronological year compared with 1.57 in juvenile GM1 patients and 12.25 in late-infantile GM1 patients, accurately reflecting the clinical traje…

Brain Organoid Research in a Post-Dobbs World.

The creation and study of brain organoids may hold significant promise for understanding brain functions, disorders, and diseases. This research may also raise novel considerations and ethical concerns, but it has significant public and professional support when thoughtfully undertaken. Current legislative and judicial restrictions on abortion and pronouncements about fetal personhood could, however, have a surprisingly broad and unintended reach, even conceivably restricting the development and use of brain organoids and other biomedical and bioengineered research tools. Brain organoid resear…

Brain Delivery Strategies for Biomacromolecular Drugs: Intranasal Administration.

Macromolecular Drugs (including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and nucleic acid therapies) have become a cornerstone strategy … particularly challenging in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, where the blood-brain barrier (BBB) imposes stringent selectivity, further limiting drug delivery efficiency. This review focuses on the breakthrough strategy of nose-to-brain (NtB) drug delivery. On one hand, the NtB pathway bypasses the BBB, enabling direct CNS drug de …

Circular RNAs in Brain Physiology and Neurologic Diseases.

In the past ten years, advancements in sequencing technology have allowed scientists to study the function and expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). One particular type of ncRNA, called circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closed loops that are found in large quantities and are evolutionarily conserved across different species. These circRNAs can be derived from both coding and noncoding transcripts and can regulate cellular proteins and sequester microRNAs. In the mammalian brain, circRNAs are more highly expressed compared to other tissues, suggesting their importance in brain function and patholo…

Interoception after frontal brain injury: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Interoception is crucial for emotional processing. It relies on the bidirectional connections between the insula, a crucial structure in interoception, and the frontal lobe, which is implicated in emotional experiences. Acquired frontal brain injury often leads to emotional disorders. Our goal was to explore the interoceptive profiles of patients with frontal lesions with or without insular involvement. METHOD: Given the neuroanatomical links between interoception and emotions, we conducted a systematic Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guided revie…